Blood plasma
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'''Blood plasma''' is the [[liquid]] component of [[blood]], in which the [[blood cell]]s are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood [[volume]]. It is comprised of mostly water (90% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), as well as the actual blood cells. Blood plasma is prepared simply by spinning a tube of fresh blood in a [[centrifuge]] until the blood cells fall to the bottom of the tube. The blood plasma is then poured or drawn off. Blood serum is blood plasma without [[fibrinogen]] or the other clotting factors.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Maton
| first = Anthea
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright
| title = Human Biology and Health
| publisher = Prentice Hall
| date = 1993
| location = Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 0-13-981176-1}}</ref>
[[Plasmapheresis]] is a type of medical therapy involving separation of plasma from red blood cells.
==Fresh frozen plasma and other transfused plasmas==
{{main|Fresh frozen plasma}}
"Fresh frozen plasma" (FFP) is prepared from a single [[unit]] of blood or by [[apheresis]], drawn from a single person. It is frozen (-40F Degrees) after collection and can be stored for ten [[years]] from date of collection. The term "FFP" is sometimes used informally to mean any frozen transfusable plasma product, including products which do not meet the standards for FFP. FFP contains all of the coagulation factors and proteins present in the original unit of blood. It is used to treat [[coagulopathy|coagulopathies]] from [[warfarin]] overdose, [[liver disease]], or dilutional coagulopathy. Other transfusable plasma is identical except that the coagulation factors are no longer considered completely [[viable]].<ref>[http://bloodbanker.com/plasma Blood Plasma Donation Centers Reviewed]</ref> This is particularly important for [[Factor VIII]] and [[hemophilia]], but these have been mostly replaced by more specific factor VIII concentrates in the developed world and true FFP is rarely used for that indication.
Plasma which has been used as a source of [[Cryoprecipitate]] (Plasma, Cryoprecipitate Reduced) is more limited, but still acceptable for many uses.
==Dried plasma==
[[Image:Britain and us plasma packages wwii.jpg|thumb|300px|Dried plasma packages used by Britain and US military during WWII]]
"Dried plasma" was developed and first used in [[World War II|WWII]]. Prior to the [[United States]]' involvement in the war, liquid plasma and [[whole blood]] were used. The "[[Blood for Britain]]" program during the early 1940s was quite successful (and popular in the United States) based in part on Dr. [[Charles Drew]]'s contribution. A large [[project]] was begun in August of the year 1940 to collect blood in [[New York City]] hospitals for the export of plasma to [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. Dr. Drew was appointed [[medical]] supervisor of the "Plasma for Britain" project. His notable contribution at this time was to transform the [[test tube]] methods of many blood [[research]]ers, including himself, into the first successful [[mass production]] techniques.
Nonetheless, the decision was made to develop a [[dried]] plasma package for the [[armed forces]] as it would reduce breakage and make the transportation, packaging, and storage much simpler.<ref>[http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/blood/chapter1.htm Transfusion before World War I]</ref>
The resulting [[Army]]-[[Navy]] dried plasma package came in two [[tin can]]s containing 400 [[Cubic centimetre|cc]] bottles. One bottle contained enough [[distilled water]] to completely reconstitute the dried plasma contained within the other bottle. In about three [[minute]]s, the plasma would be ready to use and could stay fresh for around four [[hour]]s.<ref> [http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/blood/chapter7.htm Plasma Equipment and Packaging, and Transfusion Equipment]</ref>
Following the "Plasma for Britain" invention, Dr. Drew was named [[Executive director|director]] of the [[Red Cross]] [[blood bank]] and assistant director of the [[National Research Council]], in charge of blood collection for the United States Army and Navy. Dr. Drew argued against the armed forces [[directive]] that blood/plasma was to be separated by the [[Race (classification of human beings)|race]] of the [[blood donation|donor]]. Dr. Drew argued that there was no racial difference in [[human]] blood and that the [[policy]] would lead to needless [[death]]s as [[soldier]]s and [[sailor]]s were required to wait for "same race" blood. {{Fact|date=February 2007}}
By the end of the war the American Red Cross had provided enough blood for over six million plasma packages. Most of the [[surplus]] plasma was returned to the United States for [[civilian]] use. [[Serum albumin]] replaced dried plasma for [[combat]] use during the [[Korean War]].<ref>[http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/blood/chapter11.htm The Plasma Program]</ref>
== References ==
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{{transfusion medicine}}
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[[Category:Blood]]
[[Category:Blood products]]
[[Category:Body fluids]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[af:Bloedplasma]]
[[ar:بلازما الدم]]
[[bs:Krvna plazma]]
[[ca:Plasma sanguini]]
[[cs:Krevní plazma]]
[[da:Blodplasma]]
[[de:Blutplasma]]
[[es:Plasma sanguíneo]]
[[eu:Odol-plasma]]
[[fa:پلاسما]]
[[fr:Plasma sanguin]]
[[ko:혈장]]
[[hr:Krvna plazma]]
[[id:Plasma darah]]
[[ia:Plasma]]
[[is:Blóðvökvi]]
[[it:Plasma (biologia)]]
[[he:פלזמה (דם)]]
[[nl:Bloedplasma]]
[[ja:血漿]]
[[no:Blodplasma]]
[[nn:Blodplasma]]
[[om:Plasma dhigaa]]
[[nds:Bloodplasma]]
[[pl:Osocze krwi]]
[[pt:Plasma (sangue)]]
[[ro:Plasmă (biologie)]]
[[ru:Плазма крови]]
[[simple:Blood#Plasma]]
[[sk:Krvná plazma]]
[[sl:Krvna plazma]]
[[sr:Крвна плазма]]
[[fi:Veriplasma]]
[[sv:Blodplasma]]
[[th:น้ำเลือด]]
[[vi:Huyết tương]]
[[tr:Kan plazması]]
[[uk:Плазма крові]]
[[ur:آبدم]]
[[zh:血浆]]