Boogie 1980807 225925464 2008-07-16T01:21:40Z Hyacinth 17171 refs {{otheruses4|the musical technique or rhythm}} '''Boogie''' is a repetitive, [[swung note]] or [[shuffle]] [[rhythm]] <ref name="Burrows">Burrows, Terry (1995). ''Play Country Guitar'', p.42. Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. ISBN 0789401908.</ref>, [[groove (music)|"groove"]] or pattern used in [[blues]] which was originally played on the [[piano]] in [[boogie-woogie (music)|boogie-woogie music]]. The characteristic rhythm and feel of the boogie was then adapted to [[guitar]], [[double bass]], and other instruments. The earliest recorded boogie-woogie songs was in 1916. By the 1930s, [[Swing]] bands such as [[Glenn Miller]], [[Tommy Dorsey]], and [[Louis Jordan]] all had boogie hits. By the 1950s, boogie became incorporated into the emerging [[rockabilly]] and [[rock and roll]] styles. In the late 1980s and early 1990s country bands released country boogies. ==History== The boogie was originally played on the [[piano]] in [[boogie-woogie (music)|boogie-woogie music]] and adapted to [[guitar]]. Boogie-woogie is a "style of blues piano playing characterized by an up-tempo rhythm, a repeated melodic pattern in the bass, and a series of improvised variations in the treble."<ref name="Free">[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/boogie-woogie "Boogie-Woogie"], ''FreeDictionary.com''.</ref> Boogie woogie developed from a piano style that developed in the rough [[barrelhouse]] bars in the Southern states, where a piano player performed for the hard-drinking patrons. Wayne Schmidt remarks that with boogie-woogie songs, the "[[bass line]] isn't just a time keeper or 'fill' for the right hand"; instead, the bassline has equal importance to the right hand's melodic line. He argues that many boogie-woogie basslines uses a "rising/falling sequence of notes" called a [[walking bass]] line. <ref name="Schmidt">Schmidt, Wayne. [http://www.waynesthisandthat.com/boogiewoogie.htm "Wayne Schmidt's Boogie Woogie Page"], ''This and That''.</ref> The origin of the term ''boogie-woogie'' is unknown, according to ''[[Webster's Dictionary|Webster's Third New International Dictionary]]''. The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' states that the word is a redoubling of ''boogie'', which was used for [[rent party|rent parties]] as early as 1913. The term may be derived from Black West African English, from the Sierra Leone term "bogi", which means "to dance"; as well, it may be akin to the phrase "hausa buga", which means "to beat drums."<ref name="Free"/> In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the term "could mean anything from a racy style of dance to a raucous party or to a sexually transmitted disease."<ref>Cavalieri, Nate. [http://www.boogiebob.com/Articles/metrotimesstory.asp.htm "Boogie Knight"], ''Metro Times Detroit''. 12/18/2002 8:00:00 AM.</ref> Peter Silvester’s book on boogie woogie, ''Left Hand Like God — the Story of Boogie Woogie'' states that in 1929, “boogie-woogie is used to mean either dancing or music in the city of Detroit.”<ref>Silvester, Peter (1989). ''A Left Hand Like God: A History of Boogie-Woogie Piano''. ISBN 0306803593.</ref> Schmidt claims that the "earliest record of boogie woogie was Texas pianist George W. Thomas' release of ''New Orleans Hop Scop Blues'' as sheet music in 1916." <ref name="Schmidt"/> Boogie hit the charts with [[Pine Top Smith]]'s ''Pine Top's Boogie'' in 1929, which garnered the number 20 spot. In the late 1930s, boogie became part of the then-popular Swing style, as big bands such as "Glenn Miller, Tommy Dorsey, and Louis Jordan...all had boogie hits." Swing big band audiences expected to hear boogie tunes, because the beat could be used for the then-popular dances such as the [[jitterbug]] and the [[Lindy Hop]]. As well, country artists began playing boogie woogie in the late 1930s, when [[Johnny Barfield]] recorded "Boogie Woogie". The [[Delmore Brothers]] "Freight Train Boogie" shows how country music and blues were being blended to form the genre which would become known as [[rockabilly]]. The [[Sun Records]]-era [[rockabilly]] sound used "wild country boogie piano" as part of its sound. <ref>Hoffmann, Frank. [http://www.shsu.edu/~lis_fwh/book/classic_rock_n_roll/Rockabilly2.htm "Rockabilly"], ''Survey of American Popular Music'', modified for the web by Robert Birkline.</ref> However, by the early 50s, boogie became less popular, and by the mid-1950s, its related form, rock and roll, became the most popular style.<ref name="Schmidt"/> By the mid-1970s, the meaning of the term returned to its roots, in a certain sense, as during the [[disco]] era, "to boogie" meant "to dance in a disco style". In the 1980s, country bands such as [[The Charlie Daniels Band]] used boogie woogie in songs such as the 1988 "Boogie Woogie Fiddle Country Blues". In 1991 [[Brooks & Dunn]] released "[[Boot Scootin' Boogie]]". [http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/brooks_and_dunn/25957/album.jhtml] ==Usage== The boogie groove is often used in [[rock and roll]] and [[country music]]. A simple [[rhythm guitar]] or [[accompaniment]] boogie pattern, sometimes called '''country boogie''', is as follows <ref name="Burrows"/>: [[Image:Country boogie G V.PNG|550px|simple rhythm guitar boogie pattern on a D major chord]] The "B" and "C" notes are played by stretching the fourth finger from the "A" two and three [[fret]]s up to "B" and "C" respectively on the same string. This pattern is an elaboration or [[ornament (music)|decoration]] of the chord or [[Level (music)|level]] and is the same on all the primary triads (I, IV, V), although the [[dominant (music)|dominant]], or any chord, may include the [[minor seventh|seventh]] on the third [[beat (music)|beat]]<ref name="Burrows"/> (see also, [[degree (music)]]). {{listen | | filename = Boogie_riff_1.ogg‎ | title = "Rhythm Boogie" | description = A basic boogie rhythm riff (0:19; Ogg Vorbis, 154 KB)}} A simple [[lead guitar]] boogie pattern is as follows <ref name="Burrows43">Burrows (1995), p.43.</ref>: [[Image:Country boogie G Lead.PNG|550px|simple lead guitar boogie pattern on a G major chord]] {{listen | | filename = Boogie_lead_riff.ogg‎ | title = "Lead Boogie" | description = A basic boogie lead riff (0:15; Ogg Vorbis, 134 KB)}} Boogie patterns are played with a [[Swung note|swing]] or [[shuffle]] rhythm and generally follow the "one finger per fret" rule, where, as in the case directly above, if the third finger always covers the notes on the third fret, the second finger going only on the second fret, etc. <ref name="Burrows43"/> The swung notes or shuffle note are a [[rhythm]]ic device in which the duration of the initial [[note]] in a pair is [[augmentation (music)|augmented]] and that of the second is [[diminution|diminished]]. Also known as "[[notes inégales]]", swung notes are widely used in [[jazz music]] and other jazz-influenced music such as [[blues]] and [[Western swing]]. A swing or shuffle rhythm is the [[rhythm]] produced by playing repeated pairs of notes in this way. ===Songs=== Swing-era boogie hits include the 1940 [[Glenn Miller]] song "Boog It by" (#7) and the [[The Andrews Sisters]]' number two hit from that same year, "Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar". In the mid-1940s, bandleader [[Tommy Dorsey]] had a number five hit with "Boogie Woogie", [[jump blues]] maestro [[Louis Jordan]] had a number six hit with "Caldonia Boogie", and [[Count Basie]] scored a number 10 hit with "Mad Boogie". In 1948, [[Freddie Martin]] had a number six hit with "Sabre Dance Boogie" and three years later, [[Ernie Ford]] hit number four with his "Shot Gun Boogie". After several decades out of the hits catologue, singer-actress [[Bette Midler]] hit number eight with a boogie tune in 1973 with her song "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy". Other well-known songs using a boogie rhythm or bass pattern include [[Chuck Berry|Chuck Berry's]] "[[Johnny B. Goode]]", [[Marvin Gaye|Marvin Gaye's]] "[[Can I Get a Witness]]" and [[The Shadows]]'s "Shadoogie"; and [[Jerry Lee Lewis]] playing "[[Great Balls of Fire]]". ==References== <references/> [[Category:Rhythm]] [[Category:Blues]] [[hr:Boogie]] [[ja:ブギ]] [[no:Boogie]] [[pt:Booggie]] [[sl:Boogie]] [[sv:Boogie (TV-spel)]]