Bordetella pertussis 4267582 225186776 2008-07-12T10:17:26Z VolkovBot 3035831 robot Adding: [[sl:Bordetella pertussis]] {{Taxobox | color = lightgrey | name = ''Bordetella pertussis'' | image = Bordetella_pertussis.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = | regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]] | phylum = [[Proteobacteria]] | classis = [[Beta Proteobacteria]] | ordo = [[Burkholderiales]] | familia = [[Alcaligenaceae]] | genus = ''[[Bordetella]]'' | species = '''''B. pertussis''''' | binomial = ''Bordetella pertussis'' | binomial_authority = (Bergey ''et al.'' 1923)<br>Moreno-López 1952 }} '''''Bordetella pertussis''''' is a [[Gram-negative]], [[aerobic]] [[coccobacillus]] of the genus ''[[Bordetella]]'', and the causative agent of [[pertussis]] or whooping cough. Unlike ''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|B. bronchiseptica]]'', ''B. pertussis'' is non-[[motile]]. There does not appear to be a [[zoonotic]] reservoir for ''B. pertussis''&mdash;humans are its only [[Host (biology)|host]]. The bacterium is spread by coughing and by nasal drops. The incubation period is 7-14 days. ==Pertussis== [[Pertussis]] (or [[Whooping Cough]]), is an infection of the respiratory system and characterized by a “whooping” sound when the person breathes in. In the US it killed 5,000 to 10,000 people per year before a vaccine was available. [[Vaccination]] has transformed this and between 1985-88 fewer than 100 children died from pertussis. Worldwide in 2000, according to the WHO, around 39 million people were infected annually and about 297,000 died. A graph is available showing the dramatic effect of introducing [http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/whoopingcough/gen_info.htm vaccination in England]. The infection occurs most with children under the age of one when they are [[Immunization|immunized]] or children with faded [[immunity]], normally around the age 11 through 18. The signs and symptoms are similar to a [[common cold]]: runny nose, [[sneezing]], mild [[cough]], and low-grade [[fever]]. After a spell, they might make a “whooping” sound when breathing in or vomit. Adults have milder symptoms, like prolonged coughing without the “whoop.” The patient becomes most contagious during the [[catarrhal]] stage of infection, normally 2 weeks after the coughing begins. It may become airborne when the person coughs, sneezes, or laughs. [[Pertussis]] [[vaccine]] is part of the DTaP ([[diphtheria]], [[tetanus]], acellular [[pertussis]]) [[immunization]]. The [[paroxysmal]] cough precedes a crowing inspiratory sound characteristic of [[pertussis]]. (Infants less than 6 months may not have the typical whoop.) A coughing spell may last a minute or more, producing [[cyanosis]], [[apnoea]] and [[seizures]]. A prolonged cough may be irritating and sometimes a disabling cough may go undiagnosed in adults for many months. ''Bordetella pertussis'' also produces a lymphocytosis-promoting factor, which causes a decrease in the entry of lymphocytes into lymph nodes. This can lead to a condition known as lymphocytosis, with a complete [[lymphocyte]] count over of 4000/μL in adults or over 8000/μL in children. ==Diagnosis== A nasopharyngeal swab is sent to the [[bacteriology]] laboratory for [[Gram stain]] (Gram negative, coccobacilli, no arrangement), growth on [[Bordet-Gengou agar]] or [[BCYE]] plate with added [[cephalosporin]] to select for the organism, which shows [[Mercury (element)|mercury-drop]] colonies. The organism is [[oxidase]] positive, but [[urease]], [[nitrase]], and [[citrate]] negative. It is also non-motile. ==References== * {{cite book | author = Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | id = ISBN 0-8385-8529-9 }} ==External links== *[http://www.who.int/immunization/topics/pertussis/en/index1.html Pertussis] Information from the World Health Organisation *[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.chapter.1684 ''Bordetella'' chapter] in Baron's ''Medical Microbiology'' (online text at the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]] bookshelf). * [http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/Infectious_Disease/Bacteria/Bordetella_pertussis.html ''Bordetella pertussis''] in ARUP Consult — The Physician's Guide to Laboratory Test Selection and Interpretation * [http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/whoopingcough/gen_info.htm Pertussis] United Kingdom Health Protection Agency. [[Category:Burkholderiales]] [[Category:Microbiology]] {{Proteobacteria-stub}} [[ca:Bordetel·la pertússica]] [[de:Bordetella pertussis]] [[es:Bordetella pertussis]] [[fr:Bordetella pertussis]] [[nl:Bordetella pertussis]] [[ru:Bordetella pertussis]] [[sl:Bordetella pertussis]]