Bordetella pertussis
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2008-07-12T10:17:26Z
VolkovBot
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robot Adding: [[sl:Bordetella pertussis]]
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgrey
| name = ''Bordetella pertussis''
| image = Bordetella_pertussis.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
| classis = [[Beta Proteobacteria]]
| ordo = [[Burkholderiales]]
| familia = [[Alcaligenaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Bordetella]]''
| species = '''''B. pertussis'''''
| binomial = ''Bordetella pertussis''
| binomial_authority = (Bergey ''et al.'' 1923)<br>Moreno-López 1952
}}
'''''Bordetella pertussis''''' is a [[Gram-negative]], [[aerobic]] [[coccobacillus]] of the genus ''[[Bordetella]]'', and the causative agent of [[pertussis]] or whooping cough. Unlike ''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|B. bronchiseptica]]'', ''B. pertussis'' is non-[[motile]].
There does not appear to be a [[zoonotic]] reservoir for ''B. pertussis''—humans are its only [[Host (biology)|host]].
The bacterium is spread by coughing and by nasal drops. The incubation period is 7-14 days.
==Pertussis==
[[Pertussis]] (or [[Whooping Cough]]), is an infection of the respiratory system and characterized by a “whooping” sound when the person breathes in. In the US it killed 5,000 to 10,000 people per year before a vaccine was available. [[Vaccination]] has transformed this and between 1985-88 fewer than 100 children died from pertussis. Worldwide in 2000, according to the WHO, around 39 million people were infected annually and about 297,000 died. A graph is available showing the dramatic effect of introducing [http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/whoopingcough/gen_info.htm vaccination in England].
The infection occurs most with children under the age of one when they are [[Immunization|immunized]] or children with faded [[immunity]], normally around the age 11 through 18. The signs and symptoms are similar to a [[common cold]]: runny nose, [[sneezing]], mild [[cough]], and low-grade [[fever]]. After a spell, they might make a “whooping” sound when breathing in or vomit. Adults have milder symptoms, like prolonged coughing without the “whoop.” The patient becomes most contagious during the [[catarrhal]] stage of infection, normally 2 weeks after the coughing begins. It may become airborne when the person coughs, sneezes, or laughs. [[Pertussis]] [[vaccine]] is part of the DTaP ([[diphtheria]], [[tetanus]], acellular [[pertussis]]) [[immunization]]. The [[paroxysmal]] cough precedes a crowing inspiratory sound characteristic of [[pertussis]]. (Infants less than 6 months may not have the typical whoop.) A coughing spell may last a minute or more, producing [[cyanosis]], [[apnoea]] and [[seizures]].
A prolonged cough may be irritating and sometimes a disabling cough may go undiagnosed in adults for many months.
''Bordetella pertussis'' also produces a lymphocytosis-promoting factor, which causes a decrease in the entry of lymphocytes into lymph nodes. This can lead to a condition known as lymphocytosis, with a complete [[lymphocyte]] count over of 4000/μL in adults or over 8000/μL in children.
==Diagnosis==
A nasopharyngeal swab is sent to the [[bacteriology]] laboratory for [[Gram stain]] (Gram negative, coccobacilli, no arrangement), growth on [[Bordet-Gengou agar]] or [[BCYE]] plate with added [[cephalosporin]] to select for the organism, which shows [[Mercury (element)|mercury-drop]] colonies.
The organism is [[oxidase]] positive, but [[urease]], [[nitrase]], and [[citrate]] negative. It is also non-motile.
==References==
* {{cite book | author = Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | id = ISBN 0-8385-8529-9 }}
==External links==
*[http://www.who.int/immunization/topics/pertussis/en/index1.html Pertussis] Information from the World Health Organisation
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.chapter.1684 ''Bordetella'' chapter] in Baron's ''Medical Microbiology'' (online text at the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]] bookshelf).
* [http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/Infectious_Disease/Bacteria/Bordetella_pertussis.html ''Bordetella pertussis''] in ARUP Consult — The Physician's Guide to Laboratory Test Selection and Interpretation
* [http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/whoopingcough/gen_info.htm Pertussis] United Kingdom Health Protection Agency.
[[Category:Burkholderiales]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]
{{Proteobacteria-stub}}
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