Brodiaea
368713
223252022
2008-07-03T07:11:57Z
Hesperian
111359
restoring previous version, which I accidentally killed; merging recent changes back in
{{Taxobox
| image = Brodiaea californica ssp leptandra 1.jpg
| image_caption = ''Brodiaea californica'' ssp. ''leptandra''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Themidaceae]]
| genus = '''''Brodiaea'''''
| genus_authority = [[James Edward Smith|Sm.]]
| type_species = ''[[Brodiaea coronaria]]'' (Salisb.) Engl.
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
[[#Species|See text]].
| synonyms =
''Hookera'' <small>Salisb.</small><br />
Sources: ING,<ref name="ing">{{cite web
| url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Brodiaea
| title = ''Brodiaea''
| accessdate = 2008-06-27
| date = 1996-02-09
| format = HTML
| work = Index Nominum Genericorum
| publisher = [[International Association for Plant Taxonomy]]
}}</ref> UniProt<ref name="UniProt">{{UniProt Taxonomy
| name = Genus Brodiaea
| id = 51443
| accessdate = 2008-06-27
}}</ref>
}}
The genus '''''Brodiaea''''' (or by its [[common name]] cluster-lily)<ref name="FNA">{{cite journal
| last = Pires
| first = J. Chris
| title = 63. ''Brodiaea'' Smith
| journal = [[Flora of North America]]
| volume =26
| pages =Page 20, 53, 55, '''321''', 326, 328, 331, 332, 336, 3
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| location = New York & Oxford
| url =http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=104654
| accessdate = 2008-06-27 }}</ref>
belongs to the order [[Asparagales]]. ''Brodiaea'' occurs in the [[West Coast of the United States]], especially [[northern California]].
==Taxonomic history==
Specimens of ''Brodiaea'' were first collected by [[Archibald Menzies]], botanist to the [[Vancouver Expedition]], in 1792. Menzies collected the plant from the vicinity of the [[Strait of Georgia]], named ''New Georgia'' by [[George Vancouver]].
The first published reference to the plant appears in [[James Edward Smith]]'s 1807 ''An introduction to physiological and systematical botany'', where Smith used it to argue that the [[tepal]]s of [[liliaceous]] plants are [[sepal]]s rather than [[petal]]s: {{quote|"I cannot conceal a recent discovery which strongly confirms the opinion of my acute and candid friend. Two species of a new genus, found by Mr. Menzies on the West coast of North America, have beautiful liliaceous flowers like an Agapanthus, with six internal petals besides!"<ref name="Smith 1807">{{cite book | first = James Edward | last = Smith | authorlink = James Edward Smith | year = 1807 | title = [[Wikisource:An introduction to physiological and systematical botany|An introduction to physiological and systematical botany]] | page = [[Wikisource:An introduction to physiological and systematical botany#263|263]]}}</ref>}}
The following year, [[Richard Salisbury]] published the first ''Brodiaea'' species in his ''[[Paradisus Londinensis]]'', but placed it in the genus ''[[Hookera]]'' as ''Hookera coronaria''. Smith disagreed with this placement, and in April 1808 read a formal description of a new genus before the [[Linnean Society of London]], naming the genus in honour of Scottish botanist [[James Brodie (botanist)|James Brodie]] (1744-1824).<ref name="Smith 1811">{{cite journal | first = James Edward | last = Smith | year = 1811 | title = [[Wikisource:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London/Volume 10/Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus called Brodiaea|Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus called Brodiæa]] | journal = [[Wikisource:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London|Transactions of the Linnean Society of London]] | volume = [[Wikisource:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London/Volume 10|X]] | pages = 1–5}}</ref> Formal publication did not occur, however, until Smith's presentation went to print in 1811.
==Taxonomy==
Different current systems place the genus in three different families. The [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] place it in family [[Themidaceae]]. Many other modern authors place it in the family [[Alliaceae]]. Both of these families are in the order [[Asparagales]]. However, older but still widely used sources such as [[Integrated Taxonomic Information System|ITIS]] place the Triplet lilies in the family [[Liliaceae]], in the order [[Liliales]].<ref name="">{{ITIS|ID=42803|taxon=''Brodiaea coronaria'' (Salisb.) Engl.|year=2008|date=27 June}}</ref> The present article follows the recommendations of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.<ref name="APG">{{cite web
| url = http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Asparagales
| title = ASPARAGALES Bromhead
| accessdate = 2008-06-27
| author = Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
| authorlink = Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
| format = HTML
| work = [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html EXTANT SEED PLANTS] at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
| publisher = [[Missouri Botanical Garden]]
}}</ref>
'''Brodiaea''' is also used as a common name to refer to the three genera ''Brodiaea'', ''[[Dichelostemma]]'', and ''[[Triteleia]]''. The latter two genera were once included as part of the genus ''Brodiaea''.<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web
| url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1721
| title = Species Records of ''Brodiaea''
| accessdate = 2008-06-27
| author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
| authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network
| date = 2007-10-05
| format = HTML
| work = Taxonomy for Plants
| publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
}}</ref>
==Species==
''Brodiaea'' contains the following species.
*''[[Brodiaea appendiculata]]'' Hoover - appendage clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea californica]]'' Lindl. - California clusterlily
**''Brodiaea californica var. californica''
**''Brodiaea californica var. leptandra''
*''[[Brodiaea coronaria]]'' (Salisb.) Engl. - harvest clusterlily; Californian hyacinth
**''Brodiaea coronaria ssp. coronaria'' - harvest clusterlily
**''Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea'' - harvest clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea elegans]]'' Hoover - elegant clusterlily
**''Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans'' - elegant clusterlily
**''Brodiaea elegans ssp. hooveri'' - Hoover's cluster-lily
*''[[Brodiaea filifolia]]'' S. Watson - threadleaf clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea howellii]]'' - Howell's bicolor clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea insignis]]'' (Jeps.) Niehaus - Kaweah clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea jolonensis]]'' Eastw. - chaparral clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea kinkiensis]]'' Niehaus - San Clemente Island clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea minor]]'' (Benth.) S. Watson - vernalpool clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea orcuttii]]'' (Greene) Baker - Orcutt's clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea pallida]]'' Hoover - Chinese Camp clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea purdyi]]'' Eastw. - Sierran clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea stellaris]]'' S. Watson - starflower clusterlily
*''[[Brodiaea terrestris]]'' Kellogg - dwarf clusterlily
**''Brodiaea terrestris ssp. kernensis'' - Kern clusterlily
**''Brodiaea terrestris ssp. terrestris'' - dwarf clusterlily
Sources: GRIN,<ref name="GRIN"/> NRCS<ref name="NRCS">{{NRCS Plants Profile
| name = Brodiaea
| symbol = BRODI
| accessdate = 2008-06-27
}}</ref>
==References==
[[Image:Brodiaea.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Brodiaea sp.]]
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{wikisource-inline|Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus called Brodiaea}}
{{commonscat-inline}}
{{wikispecies-inline}}
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Brodiaea Jepson treatment]
[[Category:Asparagales]]
[[Category:Flora of California]]
[[pl:Brodiea]]
[[pt:Brodiaea]]