Brodiaea 368713 223252022 2008-07-03T07:11:57Z Hesperian 111359 restoring previous version, which I accidentally killed; merging recent changes back in {{Taxobox | image = Brodiaea californica ssp leptandra 1.jpg | image_caption = ''Brodiaea californica'' ssp. ''leptandra'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Liliopsida]] | ordo = [[Asparagales]] | familia = [[Themidaceae]] | genus = '''''Brodiaea''''' | genus_authority = [[James Edward Smith|Sm.]] | type_species = ''[[Brodiaea coronaria]]'' (Salisb.) Engl. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = [[#Species|See text]]. | synonyms = ''Hookera'' <small>Salisb.</small><br /> Sources: ING,<ref name="ing">{{cite web | url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Brodiaea | title = ''Brodiaea'' | accessdate = 2008-06-27 | date = 1996-02-09 | format = HTML | work = Index Nominum Genericorum | publisher = [[International Association for Plant Taxonomy]] }}</ref> UniProt<ref name="UniProt">{{UniProt Taxonomy | name = Genus Brodiaea | id = 51443 | accessdate = 2008-06-27 }}</ref> }} The genus '''''Brodiaea''''' (or by its [[common name]] cluster-lily)<ref name="FNA">{{cite journal | last = Pires | first = J. Chris | title = 63. ''Brodiaea'' Smith | journal = [[Flora of North America]] | volume =26 | pages =Page 20, 53, 55, '''321''', 326, 328, 331, 332, 336, 3 | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | location = New York & Oxford | url =http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=104654 | accessdate = 2008-06-27 }}</ref> belongs to the order [[Asparagales]]. ''Brodiaea'' occurs in the [[West Coast of the United States]], especially [[northern California]]. ==Taxonomic history== Specimens of ''Brodiaea'' were first collected by [[Archibald Menzies]], botanist to the [[Vancouver Expedition]], in 1792. Menzies collected the plant from the vicinity of the [[Strait of Georgia]], named ''New Georgia'' by [[George Vancouver]]. The first published reference to the plant appears in [[James Edward Smith]]'s 1807 ''An introduction to physiological and systematical botany'', where Smith used it to argue that the [[tepal]]s of [[liliaceous]] plants are [[sepal]]s rather than [[petal]]s: {{quote|"I cannot conceal a recent discovery which strongly confirms the opinion of my acute and candid friend. Two species of a new genus, found by Mr. Menzies on the West coast of North America, have beautiful liliaceous flowers like an Agapanthus, with six internal petals besides!"<ref name="Smith 1807">{{cite book | first = James Edward | last = Smith | authorlink = James Edward Smith | year = 1807 | title = [[Wikisource:An introduction to physiological and systematical botany|An introduction to physiological and systematical botany]] | page = [[Wikisource:An introduction to physiological and systematical botany#263|263]]}}</ref>}} The following year, [[Richard Salisbury]] published the first ''Brodiaea'' species in his ''[[Paradisus Londinensis]]'', but placed it in the genus ''[[Hookera]]'' as ''Hookera coronaria''. Smith disagreed with this placement, and in April 1808 read a formal description of a new genus before the [[Linnean Society of London]], naming the genus in honour of Scottish botanist [[James Brodie (botanist)|James Brodie]] (1744-1824).<ref name="Smith 1811">{{cite journal | first = James Edward | last = Smith | year = 1811 | title = [[Wikisource:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London/Volume 10/Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus called Brodiaea|Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus called Brodiæa]] | journal = [[Wikisource:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London|Transactions of the Linnean Society of London]] | volume = [[Wikisource:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London/Volume 10|X]] | pages = 1–5}}</ref> Formal publication did not occur, however, until Smith's presentation went to print in 1811. ==Taxonomy== Different current systems place the genus in three different families. The [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] place it in family [[Themidaceae]]. Many other modern authors place it in the family [[Alliaceae]]. Both of these families are in the order [[Asparagales]]. However, older but still widely used sources such as [[Integrated Taxonomic Information System|ITIS]] place the Triplet lilies in the family [[Liliaceae]], in the order [[Liliales]].<ref name="">{{ITIS|ID=42803|taxon=''Brodiaea coronaria'' (Salisb.) Engl.|year=2008|date=27 June}}</ref> The present article follows the recommendations of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.<ref name="APG">{{cite web | url = http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Asparagales | title = ASPARAGALES Bromhead | accessdate = 2008-06-27 | author = Angiosperm Phylogeny Group | authorlink = Angiosperm Phylogeny Group | format = HTML | work = [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html EXTANT SEED PLANTS] at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website | publisher = [[Missouri Botanical Garden]] }}</ref> '''Brodiaea''' is also used as a common name to refer to the three genera ''Brodiaea'', ''[[Dichelostemma]]'', and ''[[Triteleia]]''. The latter two genera were once included as part of the genus ''Brodiaea''.<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1721 | title = Species Records of ''Brodiaea'' | accessdate = 2008-06-27 | author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network | date = 2007-10-05 | format = HTML | work = Taxonomy for Plants | publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland }}</ref> ==Species== ''Brodiaea'' contains the following species. *''[[Brodiaea appendiculata]]'' Hoover - appendage clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea californica]]'' Lindl. - California clusterlily **''Brodiaea californica var. californica'' **''Brodiaea californica var. leptandra'' *''[[Brodiaea coronaria]]'' (Salisb.) Engl. - harvest clusterlily; Californian hyacinth **''Brodiaea coronaria ssp. coronaria'' - harvest clusterlily **''Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea'' - harvest clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea elegans]]'' Hoover - elegant clusterlily **''Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans'' - elegant clusterlily **''Brodiaea elegans ssp. hooveri'' - Hoover's cluster-lily *''[[Brodiaea filifolia]]'' S. Watson - threadleaf clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea howellii]]'' - Howell's bicolor clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea insignis]]'' (Jeps.) Niehaus - Kaweah clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea jolonensis]]'' Eastw. - chaparral clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea kinkiensis]]'' Niehaus - San Clemente Island clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea minor]]'' (Benth.) S. Watson - vernalpool clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea orcuttii]]'' (Greene) Baker - Orcutt's clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea pallida]]'' Hoover - Chinese Camp clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea purdyi]]'' Eastw. - Sierran clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea stellaris]]'' S. Watson - starflower clusterlily *''[[Brodiaea terrestris]]'' Kellogg - dwarf clusterlily **''Brodiaea terrestris ssp. kernensis'' - Kern clusterlily **''Brodiaea terrestris ssp. terrestris'' - dwarf clusterlily Sources: GRIN,<ref name="GRIN"/> NRCS<ref name="NRCS">{{NRCS Plants Profile | name = Brodiaea | symbol = BRODI | accessdate = 2008-06-27 }}</ref> ==References== [[Image:Brodiaea.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Brodiaea sp.]] {{reflist}} ==External links== {{wikisource-inline|Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus called Brodiaea}} {{commonscat-inline}} {{wikispecies-inline}} *[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Brodiaea Jepson treatment] [[Category:Asparagales]] [[Category:Flora of California]] [[pl:Brodiea]] [[pt:Brodiaea]]