Brodmann area 15
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2007-05-06T15:29:27Z
Arthena
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destubbed
'''Brodmann's Area 15''' is one of [[Brodmann]]'s subdivisions of the [[cerebral cortex]] in the [[brain]].
Area 15 was defined by [[Korbinian Brodmann|Brodmann]] in the [[guenon]] monkey, but he found no equivalent structure in [[human]]s. However, [[FMRI|functional imaging]] experiments have found structures that may be [[Homology|homologous]].
==Anatomy==
===Gross Anatomy===
Area 15 is located in the part of the [[insular cortex|insula]] nearest the [[temporal lobe]] and part of the [[anterior]] temporal lobe facing the insula.<ref name="loc">Brain Info [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/Scripts/ancilcentraldirectory.aspx?ID=1054769984 Brodmann Area 15] visited 1/22/2007</ref> It is buried in the [[Lateral sulcus|Sylvian Fissure]] and thus not visible on the surface of the brain without dissection.
===Cytoarchetecture===
Area 15, like all Brodmann's areas is defined on the basis of [[cytoarchitecture]] of the region of cortex. The cortex in area 15 is thinner than in the rest of the insula and temporal lobe. The molecular layer (I) is unusually wide; the external granular layer (II) and the external pyramidal layer (III) are less dense, and the internal granular layer (IV) is totally absent, so that the medium-sized pyramidal cells of layer III and the internal pyramidal layer (V) merge with a few isolated granular cells scattered at their boundary. The multiform layer (VI) divides into a more densely cellular outer sublayer (VIa) and a less dense inner sublayer (VIb). As in [[Brodmann area 14]], the sublayer VIb merges with the adjacent [[claustrum]]. The cells in all of layer VI form tangential rows similar to the formation seen in area 10 and area 11.<ref name="loc"/>
===Existence in Humans===
Brodmann Area 15 is one of the areas that was not found in humans; however, at least once research group has found an area in approximately the correct [[Anatomy|anatomical]] location with similar functions.<ref name="hum">Fischer, et Al. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00503-5 Brain correlates of an unexpected panic attack: a human positron emission tomographic study]". ''Neuroscience Letters'' 251(2):137-140 (1998)</ref>
==Function==
Area 15 is the cortical target of information coming through [[Hering's nerve]]s.<ref>Tubbs et Al. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000066214 Cortical Representation of Hering's Nerve: A Possible Anatomical Pathway for Seizure Cessation following Electrical Stimulation]." ''Pediatric Neurosurgery'' 24(5) (2002)</ref> It therefore receives input from the [[carotid]] sinus relaying [[blood pressure]] and [[blood chemistry]] information to the brain.<ref>whonamedit [http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/3187.html Hering's nerves] visited 1/22/2007</ref> The nerve gets this information from [[baroreceptor]]s and [[Chemosensor|chemoreceptors]] located in the carotid artery. This region has been shown to be active during [[panic attack]]s.<ref name="hum"/>
==See also==
* [[Brodmann area]]
* [[List of regions in the human brain]]
==References==
<references/>
{{Prosencephalon}}
[[Category:Brodmann areas|15]]