Bromoform 1396765 224723535 2008-07-10T03:30:37Z Puppy8800 5404759 iw {{Chembox new | ImageFileL1 = Bromoform-2D-skeletal.png | ImageSizeL1 = | ImageFileR1 = Bromoform-3D-vdW.png | ImageSizeR1 = | IUPACName = Bromoform | OtherNames = Tribromomethane, Methyl tribromide, Methenyl tribromide, R-20B3, UN 2515 | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 75-25-2 | EINECS = 200-854-6 | PubChem = 5558 | SMILES = C(Br)(Br)Br | InChI = 1/CHBr3/c2-1(3)4/h1H | ChEBI = 38682 | RTECS = PB5600000 | KEGG = C14707 }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = CHBr<sub>3</sub> | MolarMass = 252.73 g/mol | Appearance = Colorless to yellow liquid with a sweet odor | Density = 2.889 g/cm<sup>3</sup> at 15 °C | MeltingPt = 8.0 °C | BoilingPt = 149.1 °C | Solubility = 3.2 g/l at 30 °C | LogP = 2.38 | VaporPressure = 660 Pa at 20 °C }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards | EUClass = Toxic ('''T'''), Dangerous for the environment ('''N'''), [[Carcinogen|Carc. Cat. 3]] | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | Autoignition = | NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-O = | RPhrases = {{R23}}, {{R36}}, {{R38}}, {{R51}}, {{R53}} | SPhrases = {{S28}}, {{S45}}, {{S61}} | PEL = 0.5 ppm }} }} '''Bromoform''' (CHBr<sub>3</sub>) is a pale yellowish liquid with a sweet odor similar to chloroform, a [[halomethane]] or haloform. Its [[refractive index]] is 1.595 (20 °C, D). Small amounts are formed naturally by plants in the ocean. It is somewhat soluble in water and readily evaporates into the air. Most of the bromoform that enters the environment is formed as byproducts when [[chlorine]] is added to drinking water to kill bacteria. Bromoform is one of the [[trihalomethane]]s closely related with [[fluoroform]], [[chloroform]] and [[iodoform]]. It is soluble in about 800 parts water and is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, acetone, and oils. Its LD<sub>50</sub> is 7.2 mmol/kg in mice, or 1.8g/kg. It can be prepared by the [[haloform reaction]] using [[acetone]] and [[hypobromite|sodium hypobromite]], by the [[electrolysis]] of [[potassium bromide]] in [[ethanol]], or by treating choloform with [[aluminum bromide]]. ==Uses== Only small quantities of bromoform are currently produced industrially in the United States. In the past, it was used as a [[solvent]], [[sedative]] and [[flame retardant]], but now it is mainly used as a laboratory [[reagent]]. Due to bromoform's relatively high density, it is commonly used for the separation of minerals. In one application of the technique, two samples can be separated by bromoform in a test tube or equivalent glassware. The top layer which contains the lighter minerals can be removed from the bottom layer which contains the heavier minerals. This ability of bromoform to support the weight of some solids is explained by the laws of [[buoyancy]]. A solid will float in a liquid if its density is less than that of the liquid. Likewise, a solid will sink if its density is more than that of the liquid. If a liquid is to be used to separate minerals according to their densities, it should have a density that is in between that of the minerals. Bromoform has a high density compared to that of other liquids, and so it is ideal for this application. If the density of bromoform is slightly too high, then it can be brought down by mixing it with a small amount of fully miscible liquid of lesser density. [[Image:Bromoformbottle.jpg|200px|none]] ==See also== * [[Haloalkane]] * [[Halomethane]] * [[Trihalomethane]] * [[Bromomethane]] * [[Dibromomethane]] * [[Tetrabromomethane]] * [[Fluoroform]] * [[Chloroform]] * [[Iodoform]] ==References== *{{cite journal | author = Betterton E. A., Arnold R. G., Kuhler R. J., Santo G. A. | date = June 2005 | title = Reductive dehalogenation of bromoform in aqueous solution | journal = Environ Health Perspect. | volume = 103 | issue = | pages = 89–91(3) | pmid = 8565919 | doi = 10.2307/3432487| url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1519304 | accessdate = 2007-07-03 }} [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1519304&blobtype=pdf PDF] *U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Toxicological Profile for Bromoform and Dibromochloromethane [http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp130.html]. August 2005. ==External links== *{{ICSC|0108|01}} *{{PGCH|0066}} *[http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/BR/bromoform.html MSDS at Oxford University] *[http://www.chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/solalc/BROMOFORM.htm Entry at chemicalland21.com] *[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp130.pdf Toxicological profile for bromoform and dibromochlormethane] *[http://cira.ornl.gov/documents/BROMOFRM.pdf Toxicity summary] *IARC Summaries & Evaluations: [http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol52/05-bromoform.html Vol. 62 (1991)], [http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol71/069-bromoform.html Vol. 71 (1999)] [[Category:Organobromides]] [[Category:Halomethanes]] [[Category:Halogenated solvents]] [[Category:IARC Group 3 carcinogens]] {{organohalide-stub}} [[ca:Bromoform]] [[cs:Bromoform]] [[de:Bromoform]] [[fr:bromoforme]] [[it:Bromoformio]] [[lv:Bromoforms]] [[ja:ブロモホルム]] [[pl:Bromoform]] [[pt:Bromofórmio]] [[ru:Бромоформ]] [[fi:Bromoformi]] [[zh:溴仿]]