Brown
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2008-07-13T21:23:36Z
Channel R
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Reverted [[WP:AGF|good faith]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/217.43.95.127|217.43.95.127]]; Let's stick to one spelling of the word colour (color), please..
{{otheruses1|the color}}
[[Image:Optical grey squares orange brown.svg|right|thumb|243px|The '''brown''' and '''orange''' disks of color are objectively identical, in identical gray surrounds, in this image; their perceived color categories depend on what '''white''' they are compared to.]]
'''Brown''', when used as a general term, is a color that is a [[dark]] [[yellow]], [[orange (colour)|orange]], or [[red]], of low [[luminance]] relative to lighter or white colored objects.<ref>"Some Experiments on Color", ''Nature'' '''111''', 1871, in {{cite book | title = Scientific Papers | author = [[John William Strutt]] (Lord Rayleigh) | year = 1899 | publisher = University Press | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=KWMSAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84&dq=date:0-1923+light+red+green+yellow-or-orange&as_brr=1#PPA85,M1 }}</ref>
Some [[Amber (color)|amber]] and yellow colors of lower [[Saturation (color theory)|saturation]] are called ''light browns''.
==Brown==
{{infobox color|textcolor=white|
title= Brown|
pic=Image:Color icon brown.svg|
symbolism= [[nature]], [[Earth (classical element)|earth]], [[soil]], [[dirt]], [[chocolate]]|
hex= 964B00|
r=150|g= 75|b= 0|
c= 0|m= 50|y=100|k= 41|
h= 30|s=100|v= 59
|source=[http://forums.bf2s.com/viewtopic.php?id=46435 BF2S Color Guide]}}
The color '''brown''' is displayed on the right.
''Brown'' paint can be produced by adding black or their [[complementary color]]s to rose, red, orange, or yellow colored paint. As a color of low intensity it is a [[tertiary color]] in the original technical sense: a mix of the three subtractive [[primary color]]s is brown if the [[cyan]] content is low. Brown exists as a color perception only in the presence of a brighter color contrast: yellow, orange, red, or rose objects are still perceived as such if the general illumination level is low, despite reflecting the same amount of red or orange light as a brown object would in normal lighting conditions.
The first recorded use of ''brown'' as a color name in [[English language|English]] was in AD [[1000]].<ref>Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 191 </ref>
{{-}}
==Variations of brown==
===Pale brown===
{{infobox color|
title= Pale Brown|
hex= 987654|
r=152|g=118|b=84|
c= 0|m=22|y= 45|k= 40|
h=30|s= 45|v=60
|source=[http://forums.bf2s.com/viewtopic.php?id=46435 BF2S Color Guide]}}
Displayed at right is the color '''pale brown'''.
{{-}}
===Dark brown===
{{infobox color|
title= Dark Brown|
hex= 654321|textcolor=white|
r=101|g=67|b=33|
c= 0|m=22|y=45|k= 80|
h=30|s= 67|v=40
|source=[http://forums.bf2s.com/viewtopic.php?id=46435 BF2S Color Guide]}}
Displayed at right is the color '''dark brown'''.
{{-}}
== Brown in culture ==
{{refimprove|date=March 2007}}
<!--This is for the color brown only. Please do not put anything about the word Brown involving the surname.-->
'''[[Animal rights|Animal Rights]]'''
*The [[Brown Dog affair]] was a political controversy about [[vivisection]] that raged in [[Edwardian period|Edwardian England]] from [[1903]] until [[1910]].
'''[[Astronomy]]'''
*The [[planet]] [[Jupiter]] has orange, red, and brown coloration in its clouds.
*[[Astronomer]]s have recently detected the existence of the long theorized formerly [[hypothetical astronomical object|hypothetical]] but now known to be actual [[astronomical object]]s called [[Brown dwarf|brown dwarfs]], which are intermediate in [[mass]] between a [[gas giant]] [[planet]] and a [[star]].
'''[[Business]]'''
*''Pullman Brown''<ref>''"They started out being Pullman brown," said Peter Fredo, U.P.S.'s vice president for advertising and public relations [...] The trucks have been brown since 1916 [...] "it was the epitome of luxury and class at the time."'', in {{cite web|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C03E4D8153DF933A1575BC0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|publisher=New York Times|date=1998-04-20|title=Learning to Love Brown|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> is the color of the [[United Parcel Service]] (UPS) delivery company with their trademark brown trucks and uniforms. UPS has filed two [[trademark|trademarks]] on the color brown to prevent other shipping companies (and possibly other companies in general) from using the color if it creates "market confusion." In its advertising, UPS refers to itself as "Brown" ("What can Brown do for you?").
[[Image:Ubuntu-7.10-default-screenshot-800x600.png|thumb|150px|right|The brown color scheme of Ubuntu (Linux)]]
'''[[City Planning]]'''
* [[Brownfield land|Brownfields]] are abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities where [[urban renewal|redevelopment]] for [[infill housing]] is complicated by real or perceived environmental contaminations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hsrc.org/hsrc/html/tosc/sswtosc/glossary.pdf#search='origin%20of%20term%20brownfields'|format=PDF|publisher=HSRC|title=Glossary of Terms for Brownfields|accessdate=2006-05-25}}</ref>
'''[[Computing]]'''
* [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] is well known for its default brown color scheme. The exact shades have changed from release to release, with a general trend towards lighter colors and 'shiny' graphics.
'''[[Cooking]]'''
[[Image:1-2-3-4 cake.JPG|thumb|right|200px|a baked cake]]
*[[Browning (partial cooking)]] is a process to remove excess fat from meat by heating, as under a broiler or in a frying pan, until it turns brown.
'''[[Ethnography]]'''
*Brown is sometimes used to refer to [[brown people]] in general or sometimes more specifically to the darker skinned [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] and [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] of [[South Asia]]<ref>Ahmed, Tanzila. Alternet mix the message. Desi Power Online. 2006. September 9, 2006. <http://www.alternet.org/wiretap/33078/>.</ref> or to [[Latin America]]ns.
*The term ''brown'' or ''bronze'' may be used by [[mestizo]] [[Hispanic]]s to describe themselves, and by extension these terms may sometimes be applied to all Hispanics, even those of purely [[Europe]]an ancestry.
*[[Austronesian]]s in the [[19th Century]] and [[20th Century]] were often referred to as the [[Malayan race]] or ''[[Color metaphors for race|brown]]'' race. (A term for Austronesians often used today is ''[[Maritime Southeast Asia|Maritime Asian]]''.)
*In her 1942 ''Glossary of Harlem Slang'', [[Zora Neale Hurston]] placed "[[High yellow|high yaller]]" at the beginning of the entry for her [[African American]] colorscale, which ran:
{{cquote|high yaller, yaller, high brown, vaseline brown, seal brown, low brown, dark brown}}
'''[[Food]]'''
*[[Chocolate]] is often associated with the color brown.
*[[Chocolate brownie|Brownie]]s are a favorite dessert.
*[[Brown bread#New England brown bread|Boston brown bread]] is a popular bread made with [[molasses]] that is often sold in cans.
'''[[Game|Games]]'''
*In the billiard game of [[Snooker]] the 4-point snooker ball is brown.
'''[[Movies]]'''
*''Four shades of brown''<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0342636/ Fyra nyanser av brunt (2004)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> is the title of a Swedish film from 2004
[[Image:Drought.jpg|thumb|150px|right|the brown earth during a drought]]
'''[[Music]]'''
*''[[Little Brown Jug (song)|Little Brown Jug]]'' is a [[drinking song]] written in [[1869]] by [[Joseph Winner]].
*[[Brown Sugar (song)|Brown Sugar]] is one of the most popular songs by the [[Rolling Stones]] (Album: [[Sticky Fingers]]).
* The song "[[Brown Eyed Girl]]" is by the artist [[Van Morrison]] (Album: [[Blowin' Your Mind!]]).
* The song "[[Wynona's Big Brown Beaver]]" is by the artist [[Primus]] (Album: [[Tales from the Punchbowl]]).
'''[[Nature]]'''
[[Image:Double cowlick.jpg|thumb|100px|left|brown is a common human hair color]]
*Many [[soil]]s are brown.
*Many kinds of [[wood]] and the bark of many [[tree]]s are brown.
*[[Feces]] are usually brown.
*A large number of mammals and predatory birds have a brown coloration. This sometimes changes seasonally, and sometimes remains the same year-round. This color is likely related to [[camouflage]], since the backdrop of some environments, such as the forest floor, is often brown, and especially in the spring and summertime when animals like the [[Snowshoe Hare]] get brown fur.
'''[[Parapsychology]]'''
*It is said that people who have brown [[aura (paranormal)|aura]]s are often unethical businessmen who are in business purely for the sake of [[greed]], or people who are just generally greedy and avaricious.<ref> Swami Panchadasi ''The Human Aura: Astral Colors and Thought Forms'' Des Plaines, Illinois, USA:1912--Yogi Publications Society Page 37 </ref>
'''[[Politics]]'''
*In the [[1920]]s, [[1930]]s, and [[1940]]s, the [[Germany|German]] [[Nazism|Nazi]] paramilitary organization the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA) wore brown uniforms and were known as the [[Sturmabteilung|brownshirt]]s. It was often said of members of the SA that they were like a beefsteak--"brown on the outside, and red on the inside"--because many of them were former [[Communist]]s. The color brown was used to represent the Nazi vote on maps of electoral districts in Germany. If someone voted for the Nazis, they were said to be "voting brown". The national headquarters of the Nazi party, in [[Munich]], was called the ''[[Brown House]]''. The Nazi seizure of power in [[1933]] was called the ''[[Machtergreifung|Brown Revolution]]''.<ref> Toland, John ''Hitler: The Pictorial Documentary of his Life'' Garden City, New York:1978 Doubleday & Sons Chapter 5 "The Brown Revolution" Pages 42-60 </ref> At [[Adolf Hitler]]'s [[Obersalzberg]] home, the [[Berghof (Hitler)|Berghof]], he slept in a "bed which was usually covered by a brown quilt embroidered with a huge [[swastika]]. The swastika also appeared on Hitler's brown satin pajamas, embroidered in black against a red background on the pocket. He had a matching brown silk robe."<ref> Infield, Glenn B. ''Eva and Adolf'' New York:1974--Grosset and Dunlap Page 142 (The author compiled this book by interviewing [[Albert Speer]] and others who had been in Hitler's inner circle, such as [[SS]] men, secretaries, and housekeepers. The author also consulted the [[Musmanno Archives]], a record of post-war interviews with over 200 people who had been close to Adolph Hitler or Eva Braun.)</ref>
'''[[Human sexuality|Sexuality]]'''
* In the [[bandana code]] of the [[gay]] [[leather subculture]], wearing a brown [[bandana]] means that one is into the [[Sexual fetish|fetish]] of [[coprophilia]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Sexuality in World Cinema | author = James L. Limbacher | year = 2003 | publisher = Scarecrow Press | isbn = 0810816091 | url = http://books.google.com/books?tab=sp&sa=N&q=bandana-code+brown&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=N }}</ref>
'''[[Sports]]'''
*Brown is sometimes used as a team color or name, as in the [[Cleveland Browns]] of the [[National Football League]], which got its name from its founder and long-time coach, [[Paul Brown]], but also uses brown as a team color. The [[Baltimore Orioles#St.Louis Browns|St. Louis Browns]] are a former [[Major League Baseball]] team, now known as the [[Baltimore Orioles]]; they do not use brown as a team color. For about 25 years, the [[San Diego Padres]] had brown as a primary team color.
'''[[Television]]'''
*In Firefly, a browncoat refers to a person who fought against the Anglo-Sino Alliance
==References==
{{reflist}}
== See also ==
{{commonscat}}
*[[List of colors]]
==External links==
*[http://www.sensationalcolor.com/content/view/1056/144/ All About Brown]
{{Shades of brown|*}}
{{Shades of orange|*}}
[[myv:Тюжа]]
[[af:Bruin]]
[[ast:Marrón]]
[[ay:P'aqu]]
[[bg:Кафяв цвят]]
[[ca:Marró]]
[[cs:Hnědá]]
[[da:Brun]]
[[pdc:Brau]]
[[de:Braun]]
[[es:Marrón]]
[[eo:Bruna]]
[[eu:Marroi]]
[[fa:قهوهای]]
[[fr:Brun]]
[[gl:Marrón]]
[[ko:갈색]]
[[it:Marrone]]
[[he:חום (צבע)]]
[[la:Aquilus]]
[[lt:Ruda]]
[[nl:Bruin]]
[[ja:茶色]]
[[ce:Боьмаша]]
[[no:Brun]]
[[nn:Brun]]
[[pl:Barwa brązowa]]
[[pt:Marrom]]
[[qu:P'aqu]]
[[ru:Коричневый цвет]]
[[simple:Brown]]
[[fi:Ruskea]]
[[sv:Brun]]
[[tl:Kayumanggi]]
[[vi:Nâu]]
[[tr:Kahverengi]]
[[uk:Коричневий колір]]
[[zh-yue:啡色]]
[[zh:褐色]]