Brunei
3466
225062082
2008-07-11T18:26:27Z
216.230.108.18
/* Ethnicity */
{{Infobox Country
|native_name = <big>بروني دارالسلام</big>
|conventional_long_name = ''Negara Brunei Darussalam''<br>State of Brunei, Abode of Peace
|common_name = Brunei
|image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg
|image_coat = Coat_of_arms_of_Brunei.svg
|image_map = LocationBrunei.png
|national_motto = "Always in service with God's guidance"{{spaces|2}}<small>(translation)</small>
|national_anthem = ''[[Allah Peliharakan Sultan]]''<small><br>''God Bless the Sultan''</small>
|official_languages = [[Malay language|Malay, Bruneian]]
|demonym = [[Bruneian]]
|capital = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
|largest_city = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
|largest urban area = [[Kuala Belait]]
|government_type = [[Absolute Monarchy|Absolute]] [[Islamism|Islamic]] [[Sultanate]]
|leader_title1 = [[List of Sultans of Brunei|Sultan]]
|leader_name1 = [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
|established_event1 = End of<br>British occupation
|established_date1 = [[January 1]] [[1984]]
|area_rank = 172th
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|area_km2 = 5,765
|area_sq_mi = 2,226 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water = 8.6
|population_estimate = 381,371<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html#People CIA - The World Factbook: Brunei]</ref>
|population_estimate_year = July 2008
|population_density_km2 = 66
|population_density_sq_mi = 168 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = 134th
|GDP_PPP = $10.199 billion <!--http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2007&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=516&S=PPPWGT-PPPPC&RequestTimeout=120&CMP=0&x=99&y=10-->
|GDP_PPP_rank = 138th
|GDP_PPP_year = 2005
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $24,826
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 26th
|HDI = {{increase}} 0.894
|HDI_rank = 30th
|HDI_year = 2007
|HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font>
|currency = [[Brunei dollar]]
|currency_code = BND
|country_code =
|time_zone =
|utc_offset = +8.1
|time_zone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|cctld = [[.bn]]
|calling_code = 673
|calling_code_note = <sup>1</sup>
|footnote1 = Also 080 from [[East Malaysia]]
}}
'''Brunei Darussalam''', ({{pronEng|bruːˈnaɪ}} in English) officially the '''State of Brunei, Abode of Peace''' ({{lang-ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}}, [[Jawi (script)|Jawi]]: <big>'''برني دارالسلام'''</big>), is a country located on the north coast of the [[island]] of [[Borneo]], in [[Southeast Asia]]. Apart from its coastline with the [[South China Sea]] it is completely surrounded by the state of [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]], and in fact it is separated into two parts by [[Limbang]], which is part of Sarawak.
Brunei, the remnant of a very powerful [[sultan]]ate, regained its independence from the [[United Kingdom]] on [[1 January]] [[1984]].
== History ==
{{main|History of Brunei}}
The [[Sultanate]] of Brunei was very powerful from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century.{{Fact|date=March 2008}} Its realm extended over the coastal regions of modern-day [[Sarawak]] and [[Sabah]], the [[Sulu archipelago]], and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. [[Europe]]an influence gradually brought an end to this [[regional power]]. Later, there was a brief war with [[Spain]], in which Brunei's capital was occupied. Eventually the sultanate was victorious but lost territories to [[Spain]]. The decline of the [[Bruneian Empire]] culminated in the nineteenth century when Brunei lost much of its territory to the [[White Rajahs]] of [[Sarawak]], resulting in its current small landmass and separation into two parts. Brunei was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[protectorate]] from 1888 to 1984.
There was a small [[rebellion]] against the [[monarchy]] during the 1960s, which was suppressed by the [[United Kingdom]]. This event became known as the [[Brunei Revolt]] and was partly responsible for the failure to create the [[North Borneo Federation]]. The rebellion also affected Brunei's decision to opt out of the [[Malaysia|Malaysian Federation]] and was the first stage of the [[Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation]].
== Politics and government ==
[[Image:Hassanal Bolkiah 2002.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei.]]
{{main|Politics of Brunei}}
The Sultanate of Brunei was founded when Sharif Ali of Hejadz married the local Brunei princess. He brought Islam and founded many mosques in Brunei. [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah]] of Brunei, whose [[List of Sultans of Brunei|title]] has passed within the same dynasty since the fifteenth century, is the head of state and head of government in Brunei. The Sultan is advised by several [[Privy Council|councils]] and a cabinet of [[Minister (government)|minister]]s although he is effectively the supreme ruler. The [[News media|media]] is extremely pro-government and the Royal family retains a venerated status within the country. Brunei is an absolute monarchy and the king has absolute power. There is no elected [[legislative]] body. In September 2004, the Sultan convened an appointed [[Parliament]] which had not met since independence in 1984, although it lacks any capacity beyond advising the monarch.
The country has been under an [[Internal Security Act]] since a rebellion in the early 1960s was put down by [[United Kingdom|British]] troops from [[Singapore]]. Arrests under the internal security act are still commonplace.<ref>ISA arrests In Brunei.[http://www.aliran.com/oldsite/monthly/2004a/6c.html] Retrieved 28-07-2007.</li></ol></ref>
=== International organisations and Brunei ===
Brunei is a member of the [[United Nations]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]], and [[ASEAN]].
=== Press freedom ===
Brunei has been given "Not Free" status by [[Freedom House]]; press criticism of the government and monarchy is rare.<ref>http://www.freedomhouse.org/inc/content/pubs/pfs/inc_country_detail.cfm?country=6929&year=2007&pf</ref>
=== Territorial disputes ===
Brunei claims territory in [[Sarawak]], such as [[Limbang]], and it is one of many nations to lay claim to the disputed [[Spratly Islands]]. Several small islands situated between Brunei and [[Labuan]], including [[Kuraman island]], are contested between Brunei and Malaysia. However, they are internationally recognised as part of the latter.
== Districts and mukims ==
[[Image:Brunei.geohive.gif|thumb|150px|right|Districts of Brunei]]
{{main|Districts of Brunei|Mukims of Brunei}}
Brunei is divided into [[Districts of Brunei|four districts]] (''daerah''):
* [[Belait District|Belait]]
* [[Brunei and Muara]]
* [[Temburong District|Temburong]]
* [[Tutong District|Tutong]]
The districts are subdivided into thirty-eight ''mukims''.
== Geography ==
[[Image:bx-map.gif|thumb|150px|right]]
{{main|Geography of Brunei}}
Brunei consists of two unconnected parts with a total area of 2,226 sq. miles (5,765 sq. kilometers). 97% of the population lives in the larger western part, while only about 10,000 live in the mountainous eastern part (the district of [[Temburong]]). The total population of Brunei is 991,000, of which around 367,912 live in the capital [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]. Other major towns are the port town of [[Muara]], the oil producing town of [[Seria]] and its neighboring town, [[Kuala Belait]]. In the [[Belait]] district, the [[Panaga]] area is home to large numbers of expatriates due to [[Royal Dutch Shell]] and British Army housing and recreational facilities. The well-known [[Panaga Club]] is situated here.
The climate in Brunei is semi-tropical but in Bandar seri begawan area is sub-tropical climate. the temperature in Brunei is 14-34 degrees Celsius.
== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of Brunei}}
This small, wealthy [[economic system|economy]] is a mixture of [[foreign]] and [[Domestic policy|domestic]] entrepreneurship, government regulation, [[social welfare|welfare]] measures, and [[village]] [[tradition]]. Crude [[petroleum|oil]] and [[natural gas]] production account for nearly half of its [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]. Substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all [[medical]] services and subsidizes [[rice]] and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal [[social cohesion]] although it became a more prominent player by serving as [[chairman]] for the 2000 [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] (APEC) forum. Stated plans for the future include upgrading the [[labour (economics)|labour]] force, reducing [[unemployment]], strengthening the [[banking]] and [[tourism]] sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base. The national airline, [[Royal Brunei Airlines|Royal Brunei]] is trying to make Brunei a hub for international travel between Europe and Australia/New Zealand. It also has services to major Asian destinations.
== Healthcare ==
Brunei ensures that all citizens have access to free health care, provided via a group of public hospitals. The largest hospital in Brunei is [[Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital]], also known as RIPAS Hospital.
There is also a private medical sector, [[Jerudong Park Medical Centre]].
As of 2008, no hospitals in Brunei were undergoing [[international healthcare accreditation]].
There is currently no [[medical school]] in Brunei, and Bruneians wishing to study to become doctors have to attend universities overseas. This situation may be changing.<ref>http://www.find-health-articles.com/rec_pub_17004384-nursing-staff-education-brunei.htm</ref> Also, to ensure the public's access to medical care, qualified doctors from overseas are imported into the country.
A School of Nursing was founded in 1951<ref>http://www.find-health-articles.com/rec_pub_17004384-nursing-staff-education-brunei.htm</ref>.
== Transport==
{{main|Transport in Brunei}}
Brunei is accessible via sea and land travel. The main highway running across Brunei is the [[Pan Borneo Highway]], which is a joint project with [[Malaysia]]. Besides the Pan Borneo Highway, Brunei can be accessed by air through [[Brunei International Airport]]. [[Royal Brunei]] is the main airline company in Brunei.
Brunei has several [[sea ports]], mainly to export its petroleum products, as well as for import/export purposes.
==Ethnicity==
*60% Brunei Malay
*14% Chinese
*10% British
*9% Korean
*6% South Asian
*1% Dayak
Source: http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php
== Demographics ==
[[Image:Mosque bsb brunei front.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque]] in Bandar Seri Begawan]]
{{main|Demographics of Brunei}}
{{see also|Islam in Brunei|Buddhism in Brunei}}
About two-thirds of the Brunei population are of [[Malay people|Malay]] origin and have long dominated the nation's economy. The official [[language]]s of the nation are [[Malay language|Malay]] (Malay: ''Bahasa Brunei''), although an important minority speak [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. [[English language|English]] is also widely spoken and there is a relatively large [[expatriate]] community with significant numbers of British and Australian citizens.
[[Islam]] is the official [[religion]] of Brunei, and the sultan is the head of the religion in the country. Other faiths practised are [[Buddhism]] (mainly by the Chinese), [[Christianity]], and primarily in isolated and very small communities, [[Indigenous peoples of Oceania|indigenous]] religions.
== Culture ==
{{main|Culture of Brunei}}
The culture of Brunei is predominantly [[Malay people|Malay]], with heavy influences from [[Hinduism]] and [[Islam]], but is seen as more conservative than [[Malaysia]].<ref>For a discussion of religious freedom, see http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71334.htm (United States Department of State).</ref>
The culture is also influenced by the demographics of the country: two-thirds of the population are Malay, and the remainder consists of Chinese, Indians and indigenous Malays
Brunei also has a large number of foreign workers, including [[Indonesian people|Indonesian]] and [[Filipino people|Filipino]] [[amah|domestic workers]], labourers from [[Thailand]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Indian subcontinent]] (particularly [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]), and [[American and British]] professionals working in industry and education.
=== Prohibition of alcohol ===
The sale and public consumption of alcohol is banned. <ref name="Brunei Tourism Website"> [http://www.tourismbrunei.com/info/do.html Brunei Tourism Website (Government appointed)]</ref> Foreigners and non-Muslims are allowed to bring in 12 cans of beer and two bottles of other alcohol (e.g., wine or spirits; no distinction is made for alcohol content). This limit used to apply to every entry; in 2007, however, this was changed to one limit every 48 hours. After the introduction of prohibition in the early 1990s, all pubs and nightclubs were forced to close; however, several types of restaurants allegedly still offer illicit alcohol sometimes served in teapots.
=== Bruneian celebrities ===
* Mariana Rahim is a female Bruneian star and also country rock singer
*[[Dale Brown]]'s novel ''Armageddon'' is set mostly in Brunei. It details a fictional attack on the country by Islamic fundamentalists with fringe assistance from Malaysian forces, namely a stealth boat.
* Brunei is the birthplace of current [[Chicago Blackhawks]] left winger [[Craig Adams (ice hockey)|Craig Adams]].
*Also the birthplace of [[Wu Chun]], present day Bruneian Taiwanese pop-star idol, who is also gym instructor, model, and member of the band [[Fahrenheit]]
* Weekend splash concert season 4, the famous idol show in Brunei, the top six people are Christy Rhonda ([[Canadian]]), Saleisha Romana ([[United Kingdom|British]]), Alex Carlton ([[Australian]]), Chad Kilson ([[United States|American]]), Asyraf Awang Besar ([[Bruneian]]), Jesse Chun ([[Taiwanese]]).
*[[Zul F]] is an idol star and TV personality.
*[[The Bling Bling sisters]] are the three famous girls, they are singers and designer from kuala Belait city.
* Fatin Adilah is the winner of the weekend splash concert season 5
== See also ==
{{columns |width=280px
|col1 =
* [[List of Brunei-related topics]]
* [[Brooketon]]
* [[Commonwealth of Nations]]
* [[Brunei Revolt]]
* [[Communications in Brunei]]
* [[Foreign relations of Brunei]]
* [[Sport in Brunei]]
* [[Hospitals in Brunei]]
* [[Astronomical Society of Negara Brunei Darussalam|Astronomy in Brunei]]
|col2 =
* [[Girl Guides Association of Brunei Darussalam|Girl Guides in Brunei]]
* [[History of Brunei]]
* [[Istana Nurul Iman]]{{spaces|2}}{{smaller|(Sultan's Palace)}}
* [[List of Bruneians]]
* [[Media of Brunei]]
* [[Military of Brunei]]
* [[Music of Brunei]]
|col3 =
* [[Persekutuan Pengakap Negara Brunei Darussalam|Scouting in Brunei]]
* [[North Borneo Federation]]
* [[Royal Brunei Airlines]]
* [[Transport in Brunei]]
* [[Universiti Brunei Darussalam]]
* [[Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali]]
* [[Water Village (Brunei)]]
* [[Jerudong Park Medical Centre]]
}}
== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
{{wikisource1911Enc|Brunei}}
* {{factbook}}
* U.S. Department of State website (2003)
* L. W. W. Gudgeon, ''British North Borneo'', Adam and Charles Black: London, 1913.
== External links ==
* {{wikitravel}}
{{commons2}}
* [http://www.brunei.gov.bn/index.htm Government of Brunei Darussalam] website
* {{CIA World Factbook_link|bx|Brunei}}
* [http://www.tourismbrunei.com/ Brunei Tourism] website
* [http://www.bruneiresources.blogspot.com/ The Daily Brunei Resources] blog. Contains extra information on the country through the eyes of a Bruneian.
* [http://wikitravel.org/en/Brunei/ WikiTravel entry for Brunei]
* [http://globaledge.msu.edu/countryInsights/country.asp?CountryID=15 Brunei information on globalEDGE]
; Others
* [http://brunei.ritrattoue.com Photos of Brunei]
* [http://bruneyen.sitemynet.com/ Brunei information]
{{Template group
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{{Countries of the Malay Archipelago}}
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[[Category:ASEAN members]]
[[Category:Brunei]]
[[Category:Countries with alcohol prohibition]]
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