Brunei 3466 225062082 2008-07-11T18:26:27Z 216.230.108.18 /* Ethnicity */ {{Infobox Country |native_name = <big>بروني دارالسلام</big> |conventional_long_name = ''Negara Brunei Darussalam''<br>State of Brunei, Abode of Peace |common_name = Brunei |image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg |image_coat = Coat_of_arms_of_Brunei.svg |image_map = LocationBrunei.png |national_motto = "Always in service with God's guidance"{{spaces|2}}<small>(translation)</small> |national_anthem = ''[[Allah Peliharakan Sultan]]''<small><br>''God Bless the Sultan''</small> |official_languages = [[Malay language|Malay, Bruneian]] |demonym = [[Bruneian]] |capital = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] |largest_city = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] |largest urban area = [[Kuala Belait]] |government_type = [[Absolute Monarchy|Absolute]] [[Islamism|Islamic]] [[Sultanate]] |leader_title1 = [[List of Sultans of Brunei|Sultan]] |leader_name1 = [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] |sovereignty_type = [[Independence]] |established_event1 = End of<br>British occupation |established_date1 = [[January 1]] [[1984]] |area_rank = 172th |area_magnitude = 1 E9 |area_km2 = 5,765 |area_sq_mi = 2,226 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 8.6 |population_estimate = 381,371<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html#People CIA - The World Factbook: Brunei]</ref> |population_estimate_year = July 2008 |population_density_km2 = 66 |population_density_sq_mi = 168 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 134th |GDP_PPP = $10.199 billion <!--http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2007&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=516&S=PPPWGT-PPPPC&RequestTimeout=120&CMP=0&x=99&y=10--> |GDP_PPP_rank = 138th |GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $24,826 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 26th |HDI = {{increase}} 0.894 |HDI_rank = 30th |HDI_year = 2007 |HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> |currency = [[Brunei dollar]] |currency_code = BND |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = +8.1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.bn]] |calling_code = 673 |calling_code_note = <sup>1</sup> |footnote1 = Also 080 from [[East Malaysia]] }} '''Brunei Darussalam''', ({{pronEng|bruːˈnaɪ}} in English) officially the '''State of Brunei, Abode of Peace''' ({{lang-ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}}, [[Jawi (script)|Jawi]]: <big>'''برني دارالسلام'''</big>), is a country located on the north coast of the [[island]] of [[Borneo]], in [[Southeast Asia]]. Apart from its coastline with the [[South China Sea]] it is completely surrounded by the state of [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]], and in fact it is separated into two parts by [[Limbang]], which is part of Sarawak. Brunei, the remnant of a very powerful [[sultan]]ate, regained its independence from the [[United Kingdom]] on [[1 January]] [[1984]]. == History == {{main|History of Brunei}} The [[Sultanate]] of Brunei was very powerful from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century.{{Fact|date=March 2008}} Its realm extended over the coastal regions of modern-day [[Sarawak]] and [[Sabah]], the [[Sulu archipelago]], and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. [[Europe]]an influence gradually brought an end to this [[regional power]]. Later, there was a brief war with [[Spain]], in which Brunei's capital was occupied. Eventually the sultanate was victorious but lost territories to [[Spain]]. The decline of the [[Bruneian Empire]] culminated in the nineteenth century when Brunei lost much of its territory to the [[White Rajahs]] of [[Sarawak]], resulting in its current small landmass and separation into two parts. Brunei was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[protectorate]] from 1888 to 1984. There was a small [[rebellion]] against the [[monarchy]] during the 1960s, which was suppressed by the [[United Kingdom]]. This event became known as the [[Brunei Revolt]] and was partly responsible for the failure to create the [[North Borneo Federation]]. The rebellion also affected Brunei's decision to opt out of the [[Malaysia|Malaysian Federation]] and was the first stage of the [[Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation]]. == Politics and government == [[Image:Hassanal Bolkiah 2002.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei.]] {{main|Politics of Brunei}} The Sultanate of Brunei was founded when Sharif Ali of Hejadz married the local Brunei princess. He brought Islam and founded many mosques in Brunei. [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah]] of Brunei, whose [[List of Sultans of Brunei|title]] has passed within the same dynasty since the fifteenth century, is the head of state and head of government in Brunei. The Sultan is advised by several [[Privy Council|councils]] and a cabinet of [[Minister (government)|minister]]s although he is effectively the supreme ruler. The [[News media|media]] is extremely pro-government and the Royal family retains a venerated status within the country. Brunei is an absolute monarchy and the king has absolute power. There is no elected [[legislative]] body. In September 2004, the Sultan convened an appointed [[Parliament]] which had not met since independence in 1984, although it lacks any capacity beyond advising the monarch. The country has been under an [[Internal Security Act]] since a rebellion in the early 1960s was put down by [[United Kingdom|British]] troops from [[Singapore]]. Arrests under the internal security act are still commonplace.<ref>ISA arrests In Brunei.[http://www.aliran.com/oldsite/monthly/2004a/6c.html] Retrieved 28-07-2007.</li></ol></ref> === International organisations and Brunei === Brunei is a member of the [[United Nations]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]], and [[ASEAN]]. === Press freedom === Brunei has been given "Not Free" status by [[Freedom House]]; press criticism of the government and monarchy is rare.<ref>http://www.freedomhouse.org/inc/content/pubs/pfs/inc_country_detail.cfm?country=6929&year=2007&pf</ref> === Territorial disputes === Brunei claims territory in [[Sarawak]], such as [[Limbang]], and it is one of many nations to lay claim to the disputed [[Spratly Islands]]. Several small islands situated between Brunei and [[Labuan]], including [[Kuraman island]], are contested between Brunei and Malaysia. However, they are internationally recognised as part of the latter. == Districts and mukims == [[Image:Brunei.geohive.gif|thumb|150px|right|Districts of Brunei]] {{main|Districts of Brunei|Mukims of Brunei}} Brunei is divided into [[Districts of Brunei|four districts]] (''daerah''): * [[Belait District|Belait]] * [[Brunei and Muara]] * [[Temburong District|Temburong]] * [[Tutong District|Tutong]] The districts are subdivided into thirty-eight ''mukims''. == Geography == [[Image:bx-map.gif|thumb|150px|right]] {{main|Geography of Brunei}} Brunei consists of two unconnected parts with a total area of 2,226 sq. miles (5,765 sq. kilometers). 97% of the population lives in the larger western part, while only about 10,000 live in the mountainous eastern part (the district of [[Temburong]]). The total population of Brunei is 991,000, of which around 367,912 live in the capital [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]. Other major towns are the port town of [[Muara]], the oil producing town of [[Seria]] and its neighboring town, [[Kuala Belait]]. In the [[Belait]] district, the [[Panaga]] area is home to large numbers of expatriates due to [[Royal Dutch Shell]] and British Army housing and recreational facilities. The well-known [[Panaga Club]] is situated here. The climate in Brunei is semi-tropical but in Bandar seri begawan area is sub-tropical climate. the temperature in Brunei is 14-34 degrees Celsius. == Economy == {{main|Economy of Brunei}} This small, wealthy [[economic system|economy]] is a mixture of [[foreign]] and [[Domestic policy|domestic]] entrepreneurship, government regulation, [[social welfare|welfare]] measures, and [[village]] [[tradition]]. Crude [[petroleum|oil]] and [[natural gas]] production account for nearly half of its [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]. Substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all [[medical]] services and subsidizes [[rice]] and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal [[social cohesion]] although it became a more prominent player by serving as [[chairman]] for the 2000 [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] (APEC) forum. Stated plans for the future include upgrading the [[labour (economics)|labour]] force, reducing [[unemployment]], strengthening the [[banking]] and [[tourism]] sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base. The national airline, [[Royal Brunei Airlines|Royal Brunei]] is trying to make Brunei a hub for international travel between Europe and Australia/New Zealand. It also has services to major Asian destinations. == Healthcare == Brunei ensures that all citizens have access to free health care, provided via a group of public hospitals. The largest hospital in Brunei is [[Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital]], also known as RIPAS Hospital. There is also a private medical sector, [[Jerudong Park Medical Centre]]. As of 2008, no hospitals in Brunei were undergoing [[international healthcare accreditation]]. There is currently no [[medical school]] in Brunei, and Bruneians wishing to study to become doctors have to attend universities overseas. This situation may be changing.<ref>http://www.find-health-articles.com/rec_pub_17004384-nursing-staff-education-brunei.htm</ref> Also, to ensure the public's access to medical care, qualified doctors from overseas are imported into the country. A School of Nursing was founded in 1951<ref>http://www.find-health-articles.com/rec_pub_17004384-nursing-staff-education-brunei.htm</ref>. == Transport== {{main|Transport in Brunei}} Brunei is accessible via sea and land travel. The main highway running across Brunei is the [[Pan Borneo Highway]], which is a joint project with [[Malaysia]]. Besides the Pan Borneo Highway, Brunei can be accessed by air through [[Brunei International Airport]]. [[Royal Brunei]] is the main airline company in Brunei. Brunei has several [[sea ports]], mainly to export its petroleum products, as well as for import/export purposes. ==Ethnicity== *60% Brunei Malay *14% Chinese *10% British *9% Korean *6% South Asian *1% Dayak Source: http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php == Demographics == [[Image:Mosque bsb brunei front.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque]] in Bandar Seri Begawan]] {{main|Demographics of Brunei}} {{see also|Islam in Brunei|Buddhism in Brunei}} About two-thirds of the Brunei population are of [[Malay people|Malay]] origin and have long dominated the nation's economy. The official [[language]]s of the nation are [[Malay language|Malay]] (Malay: ''Bahasa Brunei''), although an important minority speak [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. [[English language|English]] is also widely spoken and there is a relatively large [[expatriate]] community with significant numbers of British and Australian citizens. [[Islam]] is the official [[religion]] of Brunei, and the sultan is the head of the religion in the country. Other faiths practised are [[Buddhism]] (mainly by the Chinese), [[Christianity]], and primarily in isolated and very small communities, [[Indigenous peoples of Oceania|indigenous]] religions. == Culture == {{main|Culture of Brunei}} The culture of Brunei is predominantly [[Malay people|Malay]], with heavy influences from [[Hinduism]] and [[Islam]], but is seen as more conservative than [[Malaysia]].<ref>For a discussion of religious freedom, see http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71334.htm (United States Department of State).</ref> The culture is also influenced by the demographics of the country: two-thirds of the population are Malay, and the remainder consists of Chinese, Indians and indigenous Malays Brunei also has a large number of foreign workers, including [[Indonesian people|Indonesian]] and [[Filipino people|Filipino]] [[amah|domestic workers]], labourers from [[Thailand]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Indian subcontinent]] (particularly [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]), and [[American and British]] professionals working in industry and education. === Prohibition of alcohol === The sale and public consumption of alcohol is banned. <ref name="Brunei Tourism Website"> [http://www.tourismbrunei.com/info/do.html Brunei Tourism Website (Government appointed)]</ref> Foreigners and non-Muslims are allowed to bring in 12 cans of beer and two bottles of other alcohol (e.g., wine or spirits; no distinction is made for alcohol content). This limit used to apply to every entry; in 2007, however, this was changed to one limit every 48 hours. After the introduction of prohibition in the early 1990s, all pubs and nightclubs were forced to close; however, several types of restaurants allegedly still offer illicit alcohol sometimes served in teapots. === Bruneian celebrities === * Mariana Rahim is a female Bruneian star and also country rock singer *[[Dale Brown]]'s novel ''Armageddon'' is set mostly in Brunei. It details a fictional attack on the country by Islamic fundamentalists with fringe assistance from Malaysian forces, namely a stealth boat. * Brunei is the birthplace of current [[Chicago Blackhawks]] left winger [[Craig Adams (ice hockey)|Craig Adams]]. *Also the birthplace of [[Wu Chun]], present day Bruneian Taiwanese pop-star idol, who is also gym instructor, model, and member of the band [[Fahrenheit]] * Weekend splash concert season 4, the famous idol show in Brunei, the top six people are Christy Rhonda ([[Canadian]]), Saleisha Romana ([[United Kingdom|British]]), Alex Carlton ([[Australian]]), Chad Kilson ([[United States|American]]), Asyraf Awang Besar ([[Bruneian]]), Jesse Chun ([[Taiwanese]]). *[[Zul F]] is an idol star and TV personality. *[[The Bling Bling sisters]] are the three famous girls, they are singers and designer from kuala Belait city. * Fatin Adilah is the winner of the weekend splash concert season 5 == See also == {{columns |width=280px |col1 = * [[List of Brunei-related topics]] * [[Brooketon]] * [[Commonwealth of Nations]] * [[Brunei Revolt]] * [[Communications in Brunei]] * [[Foreign relations of Brunei]] * [[Sport in Brunei]] * [[Hospitals in Brunei]] * [[Astronomical Society of Negara Brunei Darussalam|Astronomy in Brunei]] |col2 = * [[Girl Guides Association of Brunei Darussalam|Girl Guides in Brunei]] * [[History of Brunei]] * [[Istana Nurul Iman]]{{spaces|2}}{{smaller|(Sultan's Palace)}} * [[List of Bruneians]] * [[Media of Brunei]] * [[Military of Brunei]] * [[Music of Brunei]] |col3 = * [[Persekutuan Pengakap Negara Brunei Darussalam|Scouting in Brunei]] * [[North Borneo Federation]] * [[Royal Brunei Airlines]] * [[Transport in Brunei]] * [[Universiti Brunei Darussalam]] * [[Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali]] * [[Water Village (Brunei)]] * [[Jerudong Park Medical Centre]] }} == Notes and references == {{Reflist}} == Bibliography == {{wikisource1911Enc|Brunei}} * {{factbook}} * U.S. Department of State website (2003) * L. W. W. Gudgeon, ''British North Borneo'', Adam and Charles Black: London, 1913. == External links == * {{wikitravel}} {{commons2}} * [http://www.brunei.gov.bn/index.htm Government of Brunei Darussalam] website * {{CIA World Factbook_link|bx|Brunei}} * [http://www.tourismbrunei.com/ Brunei Tourism] website * [http://www.bruneiresources.blogspot.com/ The Daily Brunei Resources] blog. Contains extra information on the country through the eyes of a Bruneian. * [http://wikitravel.org/en/Brunei/ WikiTravel entry for Brunei] * [http://globaledge.msu.edu/countryInsights/country.asp?CountryID=15 Brunei information on globalEDGE] ; Others * [http://brunei.ritrattoue.com Photos of Brunei] * [http://bruneyen.sitemynet.com/ Brunei information] {{Template group |title = Geographic locale |list = {{Countries of Asia}} {{Countries and territories of Southeast Asia}} {{Countries of the Malay Archipelago}} }} {{Template group |title = International membership |list = {{Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)}} {{East Asia Summit (EAS)}} {{Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)|state=collapsed}} {{Austronesian-speaking}} }} [[Category:ASEAN members]] [[Category:Brunei]] [[Category:Countries with alcohol prohibition]] [[Category:Island countries]] [[Category:Members of the Commonwealth of Nations]] [[Category:Sultanates]] [[af:Broenei]] [[als:Brunei]] [[ar:بروني]] [[an:Brunei]] [[roa-rup:Brunei]] [[frp:Bruneyi]] [[ast:Brunei]] [[az:Bruney]] [[bn:ব্রুনাই]] [[zh-min-nan:Brunei]] [[map-bms:Brunei]] [[be:Бруней]] [[be-x-old:Брунэй]] [[bs:Brunej]] [[br:Brunei]] [[bg:Бруней]] [[ca:Brunei]] [[cv:Бруней]] [[ceb:Brunei]] [[cs:Brunej]] [[cy:Brunei]] [[da:Brunei]] [[de:Brunei]] [[dv:ބުރުނައީ]] [[et:Brunei]] [[el:Μπρουνέι]] [[es:Brunéi]] [[eo:Brunejo]] [[eu:Brunei]] [[fa:برونئی]] [[fr:Brunei]] [[fy:Brûnei]] [[ga:Brúiné]] [[gv:Brunei]] [[gd:Brùnaidh]] [[gl:Brunei]] [[ko:브루나이]] [[hi:ब्रुनेई]] [[hr:Brunej]] [[io:Brunei]] [[ilo:Brunei]] [[bpy:ব্রুনাই]] [[id:Brunei]] [[ia:Brunei]] [[ie:Brunei]] [[os:Бруней]] [[is:Brúnei]] [[it:Brunei]] [[he:ברוניי]] [[jv:Brunei Darussalam]] [[pam:Brunei]] [[ka:ბრუნეი]] [[csb:Brunei]] [[kk:Бруней]] [[kw:Bruney]] [[sw:Brunei]] [[ht:Brouney]] [[ku:Brûney]] [[la:Bruneium]] [[lv:Bruneja]] [[lb:Brunei]] [[lt:Brunėjus]] [[lij:Brunei]] [[li:Broenai]] [[hu:Brunei]] [[mk:Брунеј]] [[ml:ബ്രൂണൈ]] [[mi:Poronai]] [[ms:Brunei]] [[mn:Бруней]] [[nah:Brunei]] [[na:Brunei]] [[nl:Brunei]] [[ja:ブルネイ]] [[no:Brunei]] [[nn:Brunei]] [[nov:Brunei]] [[oc:Brunei]] [[uz:Bruney]] [[ps:برونای]] [[km:ប្រ៊ុយណេ]] [[pms:Brunei]] [[nds:Brunei]] [[pl:Brunei]] [[pt:Brunei]] [[crh:Bruney]] [[ksh:Brunei]] [[ro:Brunei]] [[qu:Bruniy]] [[ru:Бруней]] [[se:Brunei]] [[sa:ब्रूनै]] [[sq:Brunei]] [[scn:Brunei]] [[simple:Brunei]] [[sk:Brunej]] [[sl:Brunej]] [[sr:Брунеј]] [[sh:Brunej]] [[fi:Brunei]] [[sv:Brunei]] [[tl:Brunei]] [[ta:புரூணை]] [[te:బ్రూనై]] [[tet:Brunei]] [[th:ประเทศบรูไนดารุสซาลาม]] [[vi:Brunei]] [[tg:Бруней]] [[tr:Bruney]] [[udm:Бруней]] [[uk:Бруней]] [[vo:Brunän]] [[war:Brunei]] [[wuu:孛路乃]] [[diq:Bruney]] [[zea:Brunei]] [[bat-smg:Bruniejos]] [[zh:文莱]]