Buckinghamshire
55688
226018557
2008-07-16T13:42:44Z
90.201.174.168
/* Notable people */
{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox England county
| name = Buckinghamshire
| image =
| motto = <!-- OPTIONAL -->
| map = [[Image:EnglandBuckinghamshire.png]]
| status = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial]] & (smaller) [[Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England|Non-metropolitan]] county
| origin = [[Historic counties of England|Historic]]
| region = [[South East England]]
| arearank = [[List of Ceremonial counties of England by Area|Ranked 32nd]]
| area_km2 = 1874
| adminarearank = [[List of Administrative shire counties of England by Area|Ranked 33rd]]
| adminarea_km2 = 1565
| adminhq = [[Aylesbury]]
| iso =GB-BKM
| ons = 11
| nutscode = <!-- NUTS x - (x = value entered, or leave blank for NUTS 3) - OPTIONAL -->
| nuts3 = UKJ13
| poprank = [[List of ceremonial counties of England by population|Ranked {{English cerem counties|RNK=Buckinghamshire}}]]
| popestdate = {{English statistics year}}
| pop = {{English cerem counties|POP=Buckinghamshire}}
| density_km2 = {{English cerem counties|DEN=Buckinghamshire}}
| adminpoprank = [[List of non-metropolitan counties of England by population|Ranked {{English admin counties|RNK=Buckinghamshire}}]]
| adminpop = {{English admin counties|POP=Buckinghamshire}}
| ethnicity = 91.7% White<br />4.3% S.Asian<br />1.6% Black British
| council = Buckinghamshire County Council<br />http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/
| mps =
*[[John Bercow]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Cheryl Gillan]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Paul Alexander Cyril Goodman|Paul Goodman]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Dominic Grieve]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Mark Lancaster]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[David Lidington]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Phyllis Starkey]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]]
| subdivname = <!-- Default value: Districts -- REMOVE LINE IF NOT NEEDED -->
| subdivmap = [[Image:Buckinghamshire Ceremonial Numbered.png]]
| subdivs =
#[[South Bucks]]
#[[Chiltern (district)|Chiltern]]
#[[Wycombe]]
#[[Aylesbury Vale]]
#[[Milton Keynes (borough)|Milton Keynes]] (Unitary)
}}
'''Buckinghamshire''' (abbreviated '''Bucks''') is a [[Ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial]] and [[Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England|non-metropolitan]] [[home counties|home]] [[Counties of England|county]] in [[South East England|South East]] [[England]]. The [[county town]] is [[Aylesbury]] and the largest town in ceremonial Buckinghamshire is [[Milton Keynes]].
The area under the control of Buckinghamshire County Council, or [[shire county]], is divided into four districts - [[Aylesbury Vale]], [[Chiltern (district)|Chiltern]], [[South Bucks]] and [[Wycombe]]. [[Milton Keynes (borough)|The Borough of Milton Keynes]] is a unitary authority and forms part of the county for various functions such as [[Lord Lieutenant]] but does not come under county council control. The ceremonial county, the area including Milton Keynes borough, borders [[Greater London]], [[Berkshire]], [[Oxfordshire]], [[Northamptonshire]], [[Bedfordshire]] and [[Hertfordshire]].
==History==
{{main|History of Buckinghamshire}}
[[Image:Buckingham-215x334.jpg|thumb|left|Map of Bucks (1904)]]
The name Buckinghamshire is [[Old English language|Anglo Saxon]] in origin and means ''The district (scire) of Bucca's home''. ''Bucca's home'' refers to [[Buckingham]] in the north of the county, and is named after an Anglo-Saxon landowner. The county has been so named since about the 12th century; however, the county itself has existed since it was a subdivision of the [[monarchy|kingdom]] of [[Mercia]] (585–919).
The history of the area though predates the Anglo Saxon period and the county has a rich history from the [[Celt|Celtic]] through to [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] periods though the Anglo Saxons did have perhaps the greatest impact on Buckinghamshire out of these groups: the geography of the rural county is largely as it was in the Anglo Saxon period. Later Buckinghamshire became an important political arena, with [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] intervening in local politics in the 16th century and just a century later the [[English Civil War]] was reputedly started by [[John Hampden]] in mid-Bucks<ref>[http://www.johnhampden.org/ Biography of John Hampden]</ref>.
The biggest change to the county historically came in the 19th century when a combination of [[cholera]] and [[famine]] hit the rural county forcing many to migrate to larger towns to find work. Not only did this alter the local economical picture it meant a lot of land was going cheap at a time when the rich were more mobile and '''leafy Bucks''' became a popular rural idyll: an image it still has today. Buckinghamshire is a very popular home for London commuters leading to greater local affluence however some pockets of relative deprivation remain.<ref>[http://www.wycombe.gov.uk/uploads/documents/Community%20and%20living/Fact%20File%2043_%20Deprivation%20Fact%20File.pdf Report on deprivation from Wycombe District Council, showing some areas among top 20% of national deprivation figures]</ref>
==Geography==
The county includes the [[Chiltern Hills]] to the South and the [[Vale of Aylesbury]] to the north. At {{convert|876|ft|m|abbr=on|lk=on}} above sea level, the two highest points are [[Coombe Hill, Buckinghamshire|Coombe Hill]] near [[Wendover]], and Haddington Hill in Wendover Woods, Buckinghamshire, near Wendover where a stone marks the summit.
==Ceremonial county==
{{main|Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire|High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire|Ceremonial counties of England}}
The [[Ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire]] consists of the area administered by Milton Keynes Borough Council as well as that administered by Buckinhamshire County Council. The ceremonial county has a [[Lord Lieutenant]] and a [[High Sheriff]]. Currently the [[Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire]] is [[Sir Henry Aubrey-Fletcher, 8th Baronet|Sir Henry Aubrey-Fletcher]] and the [[High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire]] is Amanda Nicholson. The ''[[Custos rotulorum]]'' has been combined with the duties of Lord Lieutenant since 1702.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Buckinghamshire Districts (mid. 2006 estimates)
|'''District'''
|'''Main Towns'''
|'''Population'''
|'''Area'''
|'''Population Density'''
|'''Population Estimate 2026<ref>{{ cite web|url= http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/bcc/content/index.jsp?contentid=491076174 |title=Population Projections}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web|url= http://analysis.mkiobservatory.org.uk/webview/index.jsp?v=2&mode=cube&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fanalysis.mkiobservatory.org.uk%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FPE097_C1&study=http%3A%2F%2Fanalysis.mkiobservatory.org.uk%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FPE097&context=http%3A%2F%2Fanalysis.mkiobservatory.org.uk%3A80%2Fobj%2FcServer%2FMKi&top=yes |title=Milton Keynes intelligence Observatory}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Aylesbury Vale]]'''||[[Aylesbury]], [[Buckingham]]||172,000|| 902.75 km² || 191/km² || 213,000
|-
|'''[[Wycombe]]'''||[[High Wycombe]], [[Marlow, Buckinghamshire|Marlow]]||161,300||324.57 km²
||497/km²||165,000
|-
|'''[[Chiltern (district)|Chiltern]]'''||[[Amersham]], [[Chesham]]||90,300||196.35 km²||460/km²||89,000
|-
|'''[[South Bucks]]'''||[[Beaconsfield]], [[Burnham, Buckinghamshire|Burnham]]||63,700||141.28 km²||460/km²||63,800
|-
|'''TOTAL Non-Metropolitan'''||N/A||'''487,300'''||'''1565 km²'''||'''311/km²'''||'''530,800'''
|-
|'''[[Milton Keynes (borough)]]'''||[[Milton Keynes]], [[Newport Pagnell]]||224,800||308.63 km²||728/km²||323,146
|-
|'''TOTAL Ceremonial'''||N/A||'''712,100'''||'''1874 km²'''||'''380/km²'''||'''853,946'''
|}
Population figures are mid-year estimates for [[2006]] from the [[Office for National Statistics]] [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9666&More=Y].
See [[List of English districts by population]] for a full list of every English district.
As can be seen from the table, the [[Vale of Aylesbury]] and [[Milton Keynes (borough)|borough of Milton Keynes]] have been identified as growth areas, with a population surge of almost 50,000 people in Aylesbury Vale between 2006 and 2026 and 100,000 people in Milton Keynes within twenty years. The population of Milton Keynes is expected to reach almost 350,000 by 2031.
==Politics==
===Buckinghamshire County Council===
[[Image:CountyHallAylesbury.jpg|thumb|Bucks County Council's [[County Hall]]]]
The county council was founded in 1889 with its base in new municipal buildings in Walton Street, [[Aylesbury]] (which are still there). In Buckinghamshire, local administration is run on a two-tier system where public services are split between the county council and a series of district councils.
In the 1960s the council moved into new premises: a 15-storey tower block in the centre of Aylesbury (pictured) designed by [[architect]] Thomas Pooley. Said to be one of the most unpopular and disliked buildings in Buckinghamshire it is now a Grade II [[listed building]].
In 1997 the northern part of Buckinghamshire in [[Milton Keynes (borough)|Milton Keynes Borough]] separated to form a unitary authority, however for ceremonial and some other purposes Milton Keynes is still considered to be part of Buckinghamshire.
Buckinghamshire County Council is a large employer within the County and provides a great variety of functions including education (schools, adult education and youth services), social services, highways, libraries, County Archives and Record Office, [[Buckinghamshire County Museum|County Museum]] and [[Roald Dahl Children's Gallery]] in Aylesbury, some aspects waste disposal, consumer services and some aspects waste disposal and planning.
===Coat of arms===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Arms-bucks.jpg|thumb|left|Arms of Buckinghamshire County Council]] -->
The [[coat of arms]] for Buckinghamshire County Council features a white [[swan]] in chains. This dates back to the Anglo Saxon period, when swans were bred in Buckinghamshire for the [[monarch|king]]'s pleasure. That the swan is in chains illustrates that [[Swan upping|the swan is bound to the king]], an ancient law that still applies to wild swans in the UK today. The herald was first used at the [[Battle of Agincourt]] by the [[Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham|Duke of Buckingham]].
Above the swan is a gold band, in the centre of which is [[Whiteleaf Cross]], representing the many ancient landmarks of the county. The shield is mounted by a [[beech]] tree, representing the [[Chiltern Forest]] that once covered almost half the county. Either side of the shield are a [[buck]], for Buckingham, and a swan, the county symbol.
The motto of the shield says ''Vestigia Nulla Retrorsum''. This is [[Latin]] and means 'no stepping back'.
The flag of Buckinghamshire, which flies outside County Hall in Aylesbury, comprises red and black halves with a white swan. The flag takes the county emblem which is on the county shield.
==Demographics==
Today Buckinghamshire is an ethnically diverse area, particularly in the larger towns. At the end of the nineteenth century some Welsh drover families settled in north Bucks and, in the last quarter of the twentieth century, a large number of Londoners (to Milton Keynes). Aylesbury has a sizeable Italian population, and Amersham has a large Polish community dating from [[World War Two]]. Amersham is twinned with [[Krynica]] in [[Poland]]. High Wycombe is the most ethnically diverse town in the county, with large [[Asia]]n and [[Afro-Caribbean]] populations. There is also a [[Poland|Polish]] and [[Eastern Europe]]an community.
== Economy ==
Buckinghamshire has a modern service-based economy and is part of the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire [[NUTS-2]] region, which was the seventh richest subregion in the [[European Union]] in 2002<ref>[http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=STAT/05/13&format=HTML&aged=0&language=en&guiLanguage=en ''Regional GDP per capita in the EU25 GDP per capita in 2002 ranged from 32% of the EU25 average in Lubelskie to 315% in Inner London'']</ref> The southern part of the county is a prosperous section of the [[London commuter belt]]. The county has fertile agricultural lands, with many [[landed estate]]s, especially those of the [[Rothschild banking family of England]] in the 19th century (see [[Rothschild properties in Buckinghamshire]]). Manufacturing industries include [[furniture]]-making (traditionally centred at [[High Wycombe]]), pharmaceuticals and agricultural processing.
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Buckinghamshire at current basic prices published by the [[Office for National Statistics]] with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling (except GVA index).<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf Office of National Statistics] (pp.240-253)</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Regional Gross Value Added<ref>Components may not sum to totals due to rounding</ref> || Agriculture<ref>includes hunting and forestry</ref> || Industry<ref>includes energy and construction</ref> || Services<ref>includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured</ref> ||GVA index per person<ref>UK average index base = 100</ref>
|-
| 1995 || '''6,008''' || 60 || 1,746 || 4,201 || 118
|-
| 2000 || '''8,389''' || 45 || 1,863 || 6,481 || 125
|-
| 2003 || '''9,171''' || 50 || 1,793 || 7,328 || 118
|}
In a recent nationwide survey, Buckinghamshire had the highest quality of life in the country, having the highest life expectancy and best education results.
==Places of interest==
<div style="float:right;">
{{EngPlacesKey}}
</div>
{|
||
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Ascott, Buckinghamshire|Ascott]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Ashridge Estate]]
*[[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] [[Bletchley Park]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Boarstall Tower]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Bradenham Village]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Buckingham Chantry Chapel]]
*[[Image:Museum icon.png|Museum]] [[Buckinghamshire County Museum]]
*[[Image:HR icon.png|Heritage railway]] [[Buckinghamshire Railway Centre]] in [[Quainton]]
*[[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] [[Chequers|Chequers Court]]
*[[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] [[Chicheley Hall]]
*[[Image:Museum icon.png|Museum]] [[Chiltern Open Air Museum]]
*[[Image:HR icon.png|Heritage railway]] [[Chinnor & Princes Risborough Railway]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Claydon House]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Cliveden]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Coombe Hill, Buckinghamshire|Coombe Hill]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Dorneywood]]
*[[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] [[Halton House]]
*[[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] [[Hampden House]]
*[[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] [[Hartwell House]]
||
*[[Image:EH icon.svg|English Heritage]] [[Hospital of St John the Baptist, High Wycombe|Hospital of St John the Baptist]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Hughenden Manor]]
*[[Image:Museum icon (red).png|Museum paid admission]] [[Kederminster Library]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] The [[King's Head Inn, Aylesbury]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Long Crendon Courthouse]]
*[[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] [[Mentmore Towers]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Pitstone Windmill]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Princes Risborough Manor House]]
*[[Image:Museum icon (red).png|Museum paid admission]] [[Roald Dahl Children's Gallery]]
*[[Image:Museum icon (red).png|Museum paid admission]] [[Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre]]
*[[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] [[Shardeloes]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Stowe, Buckinghamshire|Stowe Park]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[Waddesdon Manor]]
*[[The Water Tower, Coleshill|The Water Tower]]
*[[West Wycombe Caves]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[West Wycombe Park]]
*[[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] [[West Wycombe Village]]
*[[Whiteleaf, Buckinghamshire|Whiteleaf Cross]]
*[[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] [[Winslow Hall]]
*[[Wycombe Abbey]]
|}
The county is also home to the world famous [[Pinewood Studios]].
==Transport==
===Roads===
Buckinghamshire (including Milton Keynes) is served by four motorways, although two are on its borders:
* [[M40 motorway]] - cuts through the south of the county serving towns such as High Wycombe and Beaconsfield
* [[M1 motorway]] - serves Milton Keynes in the north
* [[M25 motorway]] - passes into Bucks but has only one junction (J16-interchange for the M40)
* [[M4 motorway]] - passes through the very south of the county with only J7 in Bucks
Also the [[A41 road#Watford to Tring|A41(M)]] comes into Buckinghamshire from the east to [[Aston Clinton]].
Road travel east–west is good in the county because of the commuter routes leaving London for the rest of the country. There are no major roads that run directly between the south and north of the county (e.g. between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes).
===Rail===
Buckinghamshire has several lines running through it, serving many parts of the county. The main train operator in Buckinghamshire is [[Chiltern Railways]] which run trains on the [[Chiltern Main Line]] and [[London to Aylesbury Line]]. Towns served by Chiltern include Aylesbury, High Wycombe, Beaconsfield, Gerrards Cross, and Amersham. Their headquarters is at Aylesbury. [[Virgin Trains]] and [[London Midland]] provide trains on the [[West Coast Main Line]] which runs to the north east of the county serving the town of Milton Keynes. [[London Underground]]'s [[Metropolitan Line]] also serves towns in the south east of the county calling at Amersham and Chesham.
There are proposals for a new rail service along the disused [[Varsity Line]] which runs right across the north of the county.
==Settlements==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Largest Towns in Ceremonial Buckinghamshire (2001 census)
! Town !! Population<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&Pos=2&ColRank=1&Rank=224 |title=KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2008-06-18}}</ref> !! District !! Notes
|-
! [[Milton Keynes]]
| 184,506 || [[Milton Keynes (borough)]] || [[Unitary Authority]] since 1997.
|-
! [[High Wycombe]]
|92,300
|[[Wycombe]]
|Includes suburbs of [[Downley]] and [[Hazlemere]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wycombe.gov.uk/uploads/documents/Community%20and%20living/FactFile39HighWycombe.pdf |title=High Wycombe Fact File |publisher=Wycombe District Council}}</ref>. The High Wycombe urban area population is '''118,229'''
|-
! [[Aylesbury]]
|69,021
|[[Aylesbury Vale]]
|[[County Town]] of Buckinghamshire
|-
! [[Amersham]]
|21,470
|[[Chiltern (district)|Chiltern]]
|-
! [[Chesham]]
|20,357
|[[Chiltern (district)|Chiltern]]
|-
|-
! [[Marlow, Buckinghamshire|Marlow]]
|17,522
|[[Wycombe]]
|-
! [[Buckingham]]
|12,512
|[[Aylesbury Vale]]
|Historically the county town of Buckinghamshire
|-
! [[Beaconsfield]]
|12,292
|[[South Bucks]]
|-
! [[Princes Risborough]]
|8,121
|[[Wycombe]]
|-
! [[Wendover]]
|7,385
|[[Aylesbury Vale]]
|-
! [[Olney, Milton Keynes|Olney]]
|6,032
|[[Milton Keynes (borough)]]
|Governed by Milton Keynes, not [[Buckinghamshire County Council|Bucks County Council]]
|-
! [[Winslow, Buckinghamshire|Winslow]]
|4,519
|[[Aylesbury Vale]]
|}
For the full list of [[town]]s, [[village]]s and [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]] in Buckinghamshire, see [[List of places in Buckinghamshire]].
In the 1960s and 1970s, some towns were taken by other counties:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! Town !! Lost to
|-
! [[Eton, Berkshire|Eton]]
|[[Berkshire]]
|-
! [[Slough]]
|[[Berkshire]]
|-
! [[Linslade]]
|[[Bedfordshire]]
|}
==Education==
Buckinghamshire [[Local education authority|LEA]] has a completely selective education system with either [[grammar school]]s or [[secondary modern school]]s. There are 9 independent schools and 34 state schools, not including [[sixth form college]]s. [[Milton Keynes]] has its own [[Local education authority|LEA]] which does not operate a selective education system.
==Notable people==
Anciently Buckinghamshire is the birth place and/or final resting place of several notable individuals. [[Osyth|Saint Osyth]] was born in [[Quarrendon (village)|Quarrendon]] and was buried in [[Aylesbury]] in the 7th century<ref>[http://www.tendringdc.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/6F032F83-3E6A-4D07-BAC5-D3AACF60B27E/1908/StOsyth.pdf Tendring District Council Conservation Area Review] (pdf)</ref> while at about the same time [[Rumwold|Saint Rumwold]] was buried in [[Buckingham]]<ref>[http://www.buckingham.ac.uk/life/buck/bucktown/rumbold.html Biography of St Rumwold, University of Buckingham]</ref>. From the medieval period [[Roger of Wendover]] was, as the name suggests, from [[Wendover]]<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/wendover1215.html Medieval Sourcebook: Roger of Wendover]</ref> and [[Anne Boleyn]] also owned property in the same town<ref>[http://cgi.www.chilternweb.co.uk/wendover/picturetour/bolyn.htm Picture Tour at Chiltern Web]</ref>. It is said that [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] made Aylesbury the county town over Buckingham because [[Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire|Boleyn's father]] owned property there and was a regular visitor himself<ref>[http://www.aboutbritain.com/towns/aylesbury.asp Aylesbury Tourist Information]</ref>. Other medieval residents included [[Edward the Confessor]] who had a palace at [[Brill]]<ref>[http://met.open.ac.uk/genuki/big/eng/bkm/Brill/Index.html Genuki guide to Brill]</ref> and [[John Wycliffe]] who lived in [[Ludgershall, Buckinghamshire|Ludgershall]]<ref>[http://www.lwbc.co.uk/political_work.htm Biography of John Wycliffe]</ref>.
From a slightly later period Buckinghamshire became home to some notable literary characters. [[Edmund Waller]] was brought up in [[Beaconsfield]] and served as [[Member of Parliament]] for both [[Amersham (UK Parliament constituency)|Amersham]] and [[Wycombe (UK Parliament constituency)|Wycombe]]<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/496/000096208/ Biography of Edmund Waller]</ref>. [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] and his wife [[Mary Shelley|Mary]] spent some time living in [[Marlow, Buckinghamshire|Marlow]], attracted to the town by their friend [[Thomas Love Peacock]] who also lived there<ref>[http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3513 Biography of Thomas Love Peacock]</ref>. [[John Milton]] lived in [[Chalfont St Giles]] and his cottage can still be visited there<ref>[http://www.miltonscottage.org/about_miltons_cottage.htm Milton's Cottage website]</ref> and [[John Wilkes]] served as [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Aylesbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Aylesbury]]<ref>[http://www.aylesburytowncouncil.gov.uk/newspage.asp?newsid=25 Review of a biography of John Wilkes]</ref>. Much later literary characters include [[Jerome K. Jerome]] who lived at Marlow<ref>[http://www.marlowtown.co.uk/marlbook.html Literary guide to Marlow]</ref>, [[T. S. Eliot]] who also lived at Marlow<ref>[http://www.riverthames.co.uk/thingstodo/4971.htm Tourist guide to Marlow]</ref>, [[Roald Dahl]] who lived in [[Great Missenden]]<ref>[http://www.aboutbritain.com/towns/great-missenden.asp About Britain.com]</ref>, [[Enid Blyton]] who lived in [[Beaconsfield]]<ref>[http://www.beaconsfield.co.uk/townguide/ Guide to Beaconsfield]</ref> and [[Edgar Wallace]] who lived in [[Bourne End, Buckinghamshire|Bourne End]]<ref>[http://www.bourneend.org.uk/news/news0110.shtml Bourne End online]</ref> and is buried in [[Little Marlow]]<ref>[http://www.online-literature.com/edgar-wallace/ Biography of Edgar Wallace]</ref>. Modern-day writers from Bucks include [[Terry Pratchett]] who was born in Beaconsfield<ref>[http://www.lspace.org/about-terry/biography.html Biography of Terry Pratchett]</ref>, [[Tim Rice]] who is from Amersham<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0005358/ Tim Rice profile at IMDb]</ref> and [[Andy Riley]] who is from Aylesbury<ref>[http://www.ags.bucks.sch.uk/Oldboys/info.htm Aylesbury Grammar School Old Boys data]</ref>.
During the [[Second World War]] a number of politicians and world leaders from [[Europe]] came to England to seek exile. Due to its proximity to [[London]] various locations in Buckinghamshire were selected to house dignitaries. President [[Edvard Beneš]] of [[Czechoslovakia]] lived at [[Aston Abbotts]] with his family while some of his officials were stationed at nearby [[Addington, Buckinghamshire|Addington]] and [[Wingrave]]<ref>[http://www.czechsinexile.org/places/astonabbottsabbey-en.shtml Czechs in Exile at Aston Abbotts]</ref>. Meanwhile [[Władysław Sikorski]], military leader of [[Poland]], lived at [[Iver]]<ref>[http://www.czechsinexile.org/govtinexile/exilecomparison-en.shtml Czechs in Exile - Polish government comparison]</ref> and King [[Zog of Albania]] lived at [[Frieth]]<ref>[http://www.thisisbucks.co.uk/mostpopular.var.1123041.mostviewed.has_anyone_news_of_king_zog.php Bucks Free Press]</ref>. Bucks is also notable for another exile, although this one much earlier: [[Louis XVIII of France|King Louis XVIII of France]] lived in exile at [[Hartwell House]] from 1809 to 1814<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/834/000093555/ Biography of Louis XVIII of France]</ref>.
Also on the local political stage Buckinghamshire has been home to [[Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor|Nancy Astor]] who lived in [[Cliveden]]<ref>[http://www.thames-search.com/cliveden.html Guide to Cliveden]</ref>, [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] who also lived in Cliveden<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE1DD1E3CF937A3575BC0A960958260&sec=travel&spon=&pagewanted=3 New York Times Travel Supplement]</ref>, [[Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington|Baron Carrington]] who lives in [[Bledlow]]<ref>[http://www.visitbuckinghamshire.org/site/midsomer-murders/bledlow Visit Buckinghamshire - Bledlow]</ref>, [[Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield|Benjamin Disraeli]] who lived at [[Hughenden Manor]] and was made Earl of Beaconsfield<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Benjamin_Disraeli,_earl_of_Beaconsfield Biography of Disraeli]</ref>, [[John Hampden]] who was from [[Great Hampden]] and is revered in Aylesbury to this day<ref>[http://www.johnhampden.org/ Biography of John Hampden]</ref> and [[Prime Minister]] [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery]] who lived at [[Mentmore]]<ref>[http://met.open.ac.uk/GENUKI/big/eng/BKM/Mentmore/Index.html Genuki guide to Mentmore]</ref>. Also worthy of note are [[William Penn]] who believed he was descended from the Penn family of [[Penn, Buckinghamshire|Penn]] and so is buried nearby<ref>[http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/wpenn.html Biography of William Penn]</ref> and the current [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], who has an official residence at [[Chequers]]. Finally [[John Archdale]] colonial governor of [[North Carolina]] and [[South Carolina]], although more notably American, was born in Buckinghamshire<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896">{{cite book | title = Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896 | publisher = Marquis Who's Who | location = Chicago | date = 1963}}</ref>
Other natives of Buckinghamshire who have become notable in their own right include:
*[[Errol Barnett]], news reporter, was born in [[Milton Keynes]]
*[[Nick Beggs]], musician, is from [[Winslow, Buckinghamshire|Winslow]]
*[[Lynda Bellingham]], actress, is from [[Aylesbury]]
*[[Emily Bergl]], actress, born in Buckinghamshire, though her family moved to suburban [[Chicago]] a few years after her birth
*[[Emmerson Boyce]], [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] footballer, was born in [[Aylesbury]]
*[[Nick Bracegirdle]] aka Chicane, was born in [[Chalfont St Giles]]
*[[Den Brotheridge]], [[British Army]] Officer who died taking [[Pegasus Bridge]] in [[France]] was from [[Aylesbury]]
*[[James Corden]], actor, grew up in [[Hazlemere]]
*[[Martin Grech]], musician, is from [[Aylesbury]]
*[[Howard Jones (musician)|Howard Jones]], musician, is from [[High Wycombe]]
*[[Arthur Lasenby Liberty]], merchant, was from [[Chesham]]
*[[Richard Lee (footballer)|Richard Lee]], footballer, attended [[Aylesbury Grammar School]]
*[[Jon Lewis|Jonathon Lewis]], England test cricketer, was born in [[Aylesbury]]
*[[Al Murray]], television / radio presenter also known as The Pub Landlord originates from [[Stewkley]]
*[[John Otway]], musician, is from [[Aylesbury]]
*[[Steve Redgrave]], five-time [[Olympic]] gold medallist [[sport rowing|rower]] is from [[Marlow Bottom]]
*[[Simon Standage]], baroque violinist, is from [[High Wycombe]]
*[[Michael York]], actor, born in [[Fulmer]] in [[South Bucks]]
*[[Lucinda Dryzek]], actress, born in [[High Wycombe]] in [[South Bucks]]
Today Buckinghamshire is a very picturesque landscape and is home to numerous celebrities and has attracted its fair share in the past. These include:
*[[Cilla Black]], television presenter, lives in [[Denham, Buckinghamshire|Denham]]
*[[Fern Britton]], television presenter, lives in [[Holmer Green]]
*[[Melanie Brown]], musician, lived in [[Little Marlow]]
*[[John Craven]], television presenter, lives in [[Princes Risborough]]
*[[Tess Daly]] has a house in [[Fulmer]]
*[[Iain Duncan Smith]], politician, lives in [[Swanbourne]]
*[[Ian Dury]], musician, lived in [[Wingrave]]
*[[Noel Edmonds]], television presenter, once lived in [[Weston Turville]]
*[[Andrew Fletcher]], musician with [[Depeche Mode]], has a home in [[Marlow, Buckinghamshire|Marlow]]
*[[Noel Gallagher]], musician with [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], lives in [[Little Chalfont]]
*Sir [[John Gielgud]], actor, was living in [[Wotton Underwood]] when he died
*Sir [[David Jason]], actor, lives in [[Ellesborough]]
*[[Angelina Jolie]], actress, lives in [[Fulmer]]
*[[Jason Kay|Jason "Jay" Kay]], musician and frontman of [[Jamiroquai]], lives in [[Horsenden]]
*[[Vernon Kay]] has a house in [[Fulmer]]
*[[John Laurie]], Actor, lived in [[Chalfont St Peter]]
*[[Hayley Mills]] and [[Roy Boulting]] lived in [[Ibstone]]
*[[John Mills]], actor, lived in [[Denham, Buckinghamshire|Denham]]
*[[Mike Oldfield]], musician, once lived in [[Little Chalfont]]
*[[Nduka Onwuegbute]], playwright, lives in [[Aylesbury]]
*[[Ozzy Osbourne]], musician, had a home in [[Jordans, Buckinghamshire|Jordans]]
*[[Pauline Quirke]], actress, lives in [[Beaconsfield]]
*[[Steve Rothery]], musician with [[Marillion]], lives in [[Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire|Whitchurch]]
*[[Rothschild family]], bankers, had houses in [[Ascott, Buckinghamshire|Ascott]], [[Aston Clinton]], [[Eythrope]], [[Halton, Buckinghamshire|Halton]], [[Mentmore]] and [[Waddesdon]]
*[[Tiny Rowland]], businessman, lived in [[Hedsor]]
*[[Jackie Stewart]], racing driver, lives in [[Ellesborough]]
*[[Terry Wogan]], radio and television broadcaster, lives in [[Taplow]]
*In the 2005 movie, [[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]], [[Veruca Salt]] and her family lived in Buckinghamshire.
==See also==
{{portalpar|Buckinghamshire}}
*[[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]]
*[[Wendover Woods]]
*[[Architecture of Aylesbury]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Buckinghamshire}}
==External links==
*[http://www.bucksfhs.org.uk/ Buckinghamshire Family History Society]
*[http://www.visitbuckinghamshire.org/ Buckinghamshire Tourist Guide]
*[http://www.thisisbuckinghamshire.co.uk/ Bucks Free Press] Local Newspaper
*[http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/ Buckinghamshire County Council]
*[http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/libraries Buckinghamshire Libraries]
*[http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/museum Buckinghamshire County Museum and Roald Dahl Children's Gallery]
*[http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/archives Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies - Archives, Record Office, Local History and Family History]
*[http://www.adultlearningbcc.ac.uk Buckinghamshire Adult Learning]
*[http://www.bucksonline.gov.uk/portal/home/index.jsp/ Bucks County and District Councils Portal]
*[http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/travelinfo/index.htm Bucks Travel Information]
*[http://www.theatrenights.com/index.php?list=Events&location=1 Local Theatre in Buckinghamshire]
*[http://www.bcuc.ac.uk/ Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College]
*[http://www.bucks11plus.co.uk/ Information about Buckinghamshire schools entrance exams]
*[http://apps.buckscc.gov.uk/eforms/photolibrary/webform1.aspx Photographic Archive of Buckinghamshire]
*[http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/swop Sharing Wycombe's Old Photos - A Photographic Archive of part of Buckinghamshire mostly High Wycombe and surrounding area]
*[http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/countryside/country_parks/ Country Parks of Buckinghamshire]
*[http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/rights_of_way/recreational_routes/ Country Walks and Rights of Way of Buckinghamshire]
*[http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/travelinfo/walksbybusandtrain/ Walks by bus and rail in Buckinghamshire]
<br />
{{Buckinghamshire}}
{{England counties}}
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