Building
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225824860
2008-07-15T16:00:09Z
Epbr123
1395162
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Pink!Teen|Pink!Teen]] to last version by Undercovergals (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
{{Refimprove|date=July 2006}}
[[Image:Exec bldg.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[Old Executive Office Building]], [[Washington D.C.]]]]
[[Image:Bank of china night.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Bank of China Tower]], [[Hong Kong]], [[People's republic of China|China]]]]
In [[architecture]], [[construction]], [[engineering]] and [[Real estate developer|real estate development]] the word '''building''' may refer to one of the following:
# Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous [[occupancy]], or
# An act of [[construction]].
To differentiate buildings and other structures that are ''not'' intended for continuous human [[occupancy]], the latter are called '''[[non-building structure]]s'''. Structural height in technical usage is the height to the highest architectural detail on building from street-level. Depending on how they are classified, spires and masts may or may not be included in this height. Spires and masts used as antennas are not generally included.
==Concept==
Buildings serve several needs of society.
Along with access to food and drinking water, the need for places that are protected from the [[outdoors]] and where one can comfortably live, work, eat, sleep, [[procreate]] or engage in [[leisure|leisurely activities]] has always been a top priority for [[human]]s. A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the [[human habitat]] into the ''inside'' (a place of comfort and safety) and the ''outside'' (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful).
Humans have a remarkable drive to reflect on their lives and express themselves through [[art]]. Ever since the first [[cave painting]]s, buildings have become objects of artistic expression. In recent years, interest in [[sustainable]] planning and building practices has increased in the U.S.
==History==
[[Image:savassibuilding.jpg|thumb|left|Building in [[Belo Horizonte]] - [[Brazil]].]]
{{Sectstub|date=May 2008}}
The first shelter on Earth constructed by a relatively close ancestor to humans is believed to be built 500,000 years ago by an ancient ancestor of [[human]]s, [[Homo erectus]].<ref>{{cite web | title=World's oldest building discovered | work=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/662794.stm | accessdate=2000-03-01}}</ref>
Over centuries, homes were technologically advancing. Some were simply inhabited caves, while others were made of dried mud or stone. In these times, there were little furnishings in these homes, besides perhaps a family altar or a table for eating.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}
Before the invention of the [[elevator|lift]], few buildings were higher than five stories. In the New World, the [[Anasazi]] built three- and four-story towers in the 12th and 13th centuries AD{{Fact|date=May 2007}}.
When [[Elisha Otis]] invented the passenger elevator, buildings could be built much higher. Today, the [[Sears Tower]] has 108 stories.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}
==Types==
[[Image:ssld.jpg|thumb|Building under construction]]
{{main|List of building types}}
===Residential===
Residential buildings are called [[house]]s/[[home]]s. Single family and multi-family dwellings are typically built as shelter and living space. These building types may range from one-room wood-framed, masonry, or [[adobe]] dwellings to multi-million dollar high-rise buildings able to house thousands of people. The definition of a low-rise vs. a high-rise residential building is being debated, but generally three stories or less is considered low-rise.
===Multi-story===
A multi-story building ([[American English]], Multi-storey Building [[British English]]) is a [[building]] that has multiple [[storey|floor]]s (stories (storeys in British)) above ground in the building.
Multi-story buildings aim to increase the area of the building without increasing the area of the land the building is built on, hence saving land and, in most cases, money (depending on material used and land prices in the area, of course).
==Creation==
The practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings is normally a collective effort of different groups of [[professional]]s and [[Tradesperson|trades]]. Depending on the size, complexity, and purpose of a particular building project, the project team may include:
* A [[real estate developer]] who secures [[funding]] for the project;
* One or more financial institutions or other investors that provide the funding
* Local planning and code authorities
* A [[Quantity surveyor|Surveyor]] who performs an ALTA/ACSM and construction surveys throughout the project;
* [[construction management|Construction manager]]s who coordinate the effort of different groups of project participants;
* Licensed [[architect]]s and [[Architectural engineering|engineers]] who provide building design and prepare construction [[document]]s;
* [[Landscape architect]]s;
* [[Interior design]]ers;
* Other consultants;
* [[General contractor|Contractor]]s who provide [[construction]] services and install building systems such as [[HVAC|climate control]], [[Electrician|electrical]], [[plumbing]], [[fire protection]], [[security]] and [[telecommunications]];
* Marketing or [[leasing]] agents;
* [[facility management|Facility managers]] who are responsible for operating the building.
Regardless of their size or intended use, all buildings in the US must comply with [[zoning ordinance]]s, [[building code]]s and other regulations such as [[fire code]]s, [[life safety code]]s and related standards.
Vehicles—such as [[Trailer (vehicle)|trailers]], [[Travel trailer|caravans]], [[ship]]s and passenger [[aircraft]]—are treated as "buildings" for life safety purposes.
===Building ownership and funding===
* [[Real estate developer]]
* [[Mortgage]]
* [[Mortgage loan]]
===Planning and design===
* [[Urban planning]]
* [[Site planning]]
* [[Architect|Architectural design]]
* [[Civil engineering]]
* [[Structural engineering]]
* [[Architectural engineering|Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing design]]
* [[Landscape architecture|Landscape design]]
* [[Urban design]]
* [[Quantity surveyor|Quantity surveying]]
{{main|Building construction}}
* [[Construction management]]
==Building services==
===Conveying systems===
Systems for [[transport]] of people within buildings:
* [[Elevator]]
* [[Escalator]]
* [[Moving sidewalk]] (horizontal and inclined)
Systems for transport of people between interconnected buildings:
* [[Skyway]]
* [[Underground city]]
==Substandard or Dangerous Properties==
{{main|Unsuitable or Dangerous Properties}}
Buildings or houses having unfit, unsuitable or dangerous conditions or unsafe status often have a [[condemned sign]] tagged on stating the property is unsuitable, unsafe, unfit or very dangerous. Run down buildings have elevated probability of being demolished due to their dangerous conditions. Dangerous buildings are when buildings are extremely bad they can become deathtraps. Most cities-from big to small-have run down or unsafe property in certain divisions.
Dilapidated or run down properties are considered dangerous because of their shoddy state, derelict conditions and weakened foundations. Many abandoned buildings happen having that criteria for being unsafe, unsuitable or substandard property.
Condemned signs are tagged onto buildings and houses having such condition for warning the public residents about the unsuitable, unfit or dangerous conditions or state involved.
Dilapidated or run down properties are extremely numerous with cities like [[St. Louis, Missouri]], [[Baltimore, Maryland]], [[Chicago, Illinois]], [[New York City]], [[Los Angeles]] and many others in the United States. Abandoned buildings are under important concern in many cities, towns and even villages nationwide across the United States. Dilapidated or run down industrial buildings are extremely prevalent in cities like [[Newark, New Jersey]], [[Jackson, Mississippi]], [[New Haven, Connecticut]], [[Peoria, Illinois]] and almost any similar regional places over the United States.
Making matters worse, many residents are living inside of unsuitable, unsafe or substandard homes and/or properties in certain cities across the United States. This requires special attention, because these buildings or houses have no proper [[air conditioning]] for the summer, [[heating system]] for the winter, are infested with rodents and troublesome insects, may not have [[running water]] and many other urgent building problems.
Condemned signs would be also tagged on properties which have [[abandoned vehicles]], [[junk vehicles]], are fire burned, damaged by the weather, in violation of rules of [[fire safety]], etcetera.
Run down buildings without [[condemned signs]] have been known for [[drug activity]], [[street gangs]] and being considered [[eyesores]] to the people who see them everyday and week.
If such buildings continue festering in certain cities it's detrimental to the city, neighborhoods and city residents.
Buildings or houses having unsafe, unfit or unsuitable conditions are usually renovated unless costs are higher than can be afforded for renovation. Dilapidated or run down properties are quite often demolished due to their dangerous conditions.
==See also==
{{Commonscat|Buildings and structures}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Building}}
{{portal|Architecture}}
* [[Architecture]]
* [[Architectural engineering]]
* [[Architectural structure]]
* [[Autonomous building]]
* [[Builders' rites]]
* [[Building (magazine)|'Building' magazine]]
* [[Building material]]
* [[Construction]]
* [[Cost overrun]]
* [[Earthquake engineering]]
* [[List of buildings|Famous buildings]]
* [[Fire protection]]
* [[Green building]]
* [[Hurricane proof building]]
* [[List of building types]]
* [[List of largest buildings in the world]]
* [[Megaproject]]
* [[Natural building]]
* [[Natural disaster]] and [[earthquake]]
* [[Nonbuilding structure]]
* [[Occupancy]]
* [[Seismic performance analysis]]
* [[Skyscrapers]]
==References==
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