Bulgarians
151876
225692387
2008-07-14T22:48:34Z
75.155.126.44
{{distinguish|Bulgars}}
{{otheruses|Bulgarian (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
|group=Българи<br>''Bulgarians''
|image = [[Image:Bulgare.jpg|thumb|right]]
|caption = The holy seven · [[Boris I]]<br>[[Vasil Levski]] · [[Hristo Botev]]
[[Stefan Stambolov]] . [[Georgi Rakovski]]<br>[[Anna-Maria Ravnopolska-Dean]] . [[Veselin Topalov]]
|population = '''over 8 million'''
|region1 ={{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|pop1 =6,655,210
|ref1 =
|region2 = {{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|pop2 = 480,000
|ref2 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/26/42/39332415.xls
|title=Foreign Born populations of OECD countries
|publisher=OECD
|accessdate=2008-05-01
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region3 = {{flagcountry|USA}}
|pop3 = 60,239 - 300,000
|ref3 = {{lower|<ref name="est">Estimates of the Agency for Bulgarians Abroad for the numbers of ethnic Bulgarians living for the country in question based on data from the Bulgarian Border Police, the Bulgarian Ministry of Labour and reports from immigrant associations. The numbers include members of the diaspora (2nd and 3rd generation descendants of Bulgarian immigrants), legal immigrants, illegal immigrants, students and other individuals permanently residing in the country in question as of 2004.</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14393&Itemid=389
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in the US according to the consulate in Washington D.C.
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-29
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region4 = {{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|pop4 = 204,600
|ref4 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality
|title=General results of the 2001 Ukrainian census by nationality
|publisher=www.ukrcensus.gov.ua
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region5 = {{flagcountry|Spain}}
|pop5 = 91,265 - 95,752
|ref5 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14718&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Spain with an address registration
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-29
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>[http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario06/anu06_02demog.pdf 2005 figures]</ref>}}
|region6 = {{flagcountry|Moldova}}
|pop6 = 65,662 - 90,000
|ref6 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.statistica.md/recensamint.php?lang=ro
|title=National Statistical Bureau of Moldova {{ro icon}}
|publisher=www.statistica.md
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14876&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}(2006)
</ref>}}
|region7 = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
|pop7 = 39,053 - 90,000
|ref7 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14599&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Germany {{bg icon}}
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-29
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>[http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/Statistiken/Bevoelkerung/AuslaendischeBevoelkerung/Tabellen/Content100/AlterAufenthaltsdauer,property=file.xls 2006 figures]</ref>}}
|region8 = {{flagcountry|UK}}
|pop8 = 5,356 - 80,000
|ref8 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14754&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in the UK {{bg icon}}
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-29
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>[http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/extraction/retrieve/en/theme3/cens/cens_nscbirth?OutputDir=EJOutputDir_49&user=unknown&clientsessionid=43820756C6114AC37056183CD332EA49.extraction-worker-1&OutputFile=cens_nscbirth.htm&OutputMode=U&NumberOfCells=60&Language=en&OutputMime=text%2Fhtml&]</ref>}}
|region8 = {{flagcountry|Greece}}
|pop8 = 78,981
|ref8 = {{lower|<ref>[http://www.statistics.gr/eng_tables/S201_SPO_2_TB_AN_06_7_Y_EN.pdf Migrants in Greece -2006] also [http://www.hri.org/MFA/foreign/musmingr.htm Greek MFA Census Data on Thrace Minorities] </ref>}}
|region9 = {{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|pop9 = 70,000
|ref9 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14306&Itemid=390
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Argentina {{bg icon}}
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-29
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region10 = {{flagcountry|Italy}}
|pop10 = 19,924 - 70,000
|ref10 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://demo.istat.it/str2006/query.php?lingua=eng&Rip=S0&paese=A12&submit=Tavola
|title=Foreign citizens in Italy
|publisher=demo.istat.it
|accessdate=2008-05-09
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13758&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Italy
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-05-09
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region11 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
|pop11 = 31,965
|ref11 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=17
|title=Russian census 2002
|publisher=Russia
|accessdate=2008-05-12
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region12 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
|pop12 = 31,965
|ref12 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_14_24.htm
|title=National census of Russia (2002) {{ru icon}}
|publisher=www.perepis2002.ru
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region12 = {{flagcountry|Canada}}
|pop12 = 15,195 - 30,000
|ref12 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?Temporal=2001&PID=62911&APATH=3&GID=431515&METH=1&PTYPE=55440&THEME=44&FOCUS=0&AID=0&PLACENAME=0&PROVINCE=0&SEARCH=0&GC=0&GK=0&VID=0&FL=0&RL=0&FREE=0
|title=Results of the 2001 Canadian census
|publisher=www12.statcan.ca
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14880&Itemid=389
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Canada
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region14 = {{flagcountry|Serbia}}
|pop14 = 20,497
|ref14 = {{lower|<ref>[http://www.statserb.sr.gov.yu/zip/esn31.pdf Serbia and Montenegro 2002 census] (assumed that most of them live in nowadays Serbia after the split with Montenegro and discounting [[Kosovo]]'s Gorani population)</ref>}}
|region15 = {{flagcountry|France}}
|pop15 = 7,460 - 20,000
|ref15 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14564&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in France
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>[http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/extraction/retrieve/en/theme3/cens/cens_nscbirth?OutputDir=EJOutputDir_49&user=unknown&clientsessionid=43820756C6114AC37056183CD332EA49.extraction-worker-1&OutputFile=cens_nscbirth.htm&OutputMode=U&NumberOfCells=60&Language=en&OutputMime=text%2Fhtml& Countries of the Eu by Birth]</ref>}}
|region16 = {{flagcountry|South Africa}}
|pop16 = 15,000 - 20,000
|ref16 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14874&Itemid=392
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in South Africa
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region17 = {{flagcountry|Romania}}
|pop17 = 8,092 - 12,000
|ref17 = {{lower|<ref>http://www.recensamant.ro/</ref>}}
|region18 = {{flagcountry|Israel}}
|pop18 = 8,000 - 50,000
|ref18 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15398&Itemid=391
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Israel
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}The first number indicates people that have Bulgarian citizenship and the second represent those coming from Bulgaria in the 1940s and 1950s who are members of Associations of Bulgarian jews</ref>}}
|region19 = {{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|pop19 = 6,915 - 30,000
|ref19 = {{lower|<ref>[http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Mes/pdf/51_cap1_2.pdf Population of Kazakhstan as of 1989 and 1999]</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15273&Itemid=393
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Kazakhstan
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
According to members of the Bulgarian community in Kazakhstan their number is between 30,000 and 50,000</ref>}}
|region20 = {{flagcountry|Austria}}
|pop20 = 5,388
|ref20 = {{lower|<ref>ftp://www.statistik.at/pub/neuerscheinungen/vzaustriaweb.pdf</ref>}}
|region21 = {{flagcountry|Hungary}}
|pop21 = 2,316 - 5,000
|ref21 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.nepszamlalas.hu/eng/volumes/06/00/tabeng/1/load01_10_0.html
|title=2001 Hungarian Census, Ethnic group tables
|publisher=www.nepszamlalas.hu
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15260&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Hungary
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region22 = {{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
|pop22 = 4,383 - 5,000
|ref22 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.vlada.cz/files/rvk/rnm/zprava_mensiny_2001_en.pdf
|title=Government of the Czech Republic: Report on the Situation of National Minorities in the Czech Republic in 2001
|publisher=Government of the Czech Republic
|accessdate=2008-05-01
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region23 = {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
|pop23 = 5,000
|ref23 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15768&Itemid=391
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in UAE
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region24 = {{flagcountry|Australia}}
|pop24 = 4,902 - 8,000
|ref24 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=TLPD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Ancestry&
|title=2006 Census Table : Australia
|publisher=www.censusdata.abs.gov.au
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}
The second number shows people that have indicated Bulgarian descent.
</ref>}}
|region25 = {{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|pop25 = 3,508 - 4,000
|ref25 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15225&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Sweden
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>[http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/extraction/retrieve/en/theme3/cens/cens_nscbirth?OutputDir=EJOutputDir_49&user=unknown&clientsessionid=43820756C6114AC37056183CD332EA49.extraction-worker-1&OutputFile=cens_nscbirth.htm&OutputMode=U&NumberOfCells=60&Language=en&OutputMime=text%2Fhtml& Country of Birth]</ref>}}
|region26 = {{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|pop26 = 628 - 4,000
|ref26 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14835&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Portugal
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>[http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/extraction/retrieve/en/theme3/cens/cens_nscbirth?OutputDir=EJOutputDir_49&user=unknown&clientsessionid=43820756C6114AC37056183CD332EA49.extraction-worker-1&OutputFile=cens_nscbirth.htm&OutputMode=U&NumberOfCells=60&Language=en&OutputMime=text%2Fhtml& Eurostat]</ref>}}
|region27 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|pop27 = 2,076 - 2,202
|ref27 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLEN&PA=03743ENG&D1=0&D2=35,201&D3=0&D4=0-10&LA=EN&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2,G3&VW=T
|title=Statistics Netherlands, Population Tables
|publisher=http://statline.cbs.nl
|accessdate=2008-04-31
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14659&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Netherlands
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region28 = {{flagcountry|Ireland}}
|pop28 = 2,000
|ref28 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14867&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Ireland
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region29 = {{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
|pop29 = 816 - 2,000
|ref29 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/1C81F07B-28C6-4DDD-8EBA-80C592E8022A/0/20languagespokentotalresponse.xls
|title=Statistical Service of New Zealand, New Zealanders by Ancestry
|publisher=www.stats.gov.nz
|accessdate=2008-04-31
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15478&Itemid=393
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in New Zealand
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region30 = {{flagcountry|Norway}}
|pop30 = 1,500
|ref30 = {{lower|<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14842&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Norway
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region31 = {{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
|pop31 = 1,700
|ref31 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/26/42/39332415.xls
|title=Population by Country of Birth
|publisher=OECD
|accessdate=2008-05-01
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region32 = {{flagcountry|Republic of Macedonia}}
|pop32 = 1,422
|ref32 = {{lower|<ref>[http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 Results of the 2002 census]</ref>}}
|region33 = {{flagcountry|Syria}}
|pop33 = 1,200
|ref33 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15241&Itemid=391
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Syria
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
|region34 = {{flagcountry|Poland}}
|pop34 = 1,112
|ref34 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14809&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Poland
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
|region35 = {{flagcountry Macedonia}}
|pop35 = 1,400,000
|ref35 = {{lower|
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15524&Itemid=391
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Jordan
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-30
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>}}
'''{{flagcountry|Georgia}}''': '''680''' (1989)
<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14815&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Georgia according to the 1989 census {{bg icon}}
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-29
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><BR>
'''{{flagcountry|Denmark}}''': '''650'''<ref>
<br>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14613&Itemid=382
|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria - Bulgarians in Denmark {{bg icon}}
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref><br>
'''{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}''': '''138'''<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.stat.si/popis2002/si/rezultati/rezultati_red.asp?ter=SLO&st=7
|title=2002 Slovenian census
|publisher=www.stat.si
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>(2002)<br>
|langs=[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
|rels=Predominantly [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church|Bulgarian Orthodox]] including [[Atheist]], [[Muslim]], [[Roman Catholic]] minorities.
}}
{{Bulgarians}}
The '''Bulgarians''' ({{lang-bg|българи}} or '''''bǎlgari''''') are a [[South Slavs|South Slavic]] people generally associated with the [[Republic of Bulgaria]] and the [[Bulgarian language]]. There are Bulgarian minorities or immigrant communities in a number of other countries, too.
== Physical anthropology - Genetics ==
Geographically Bulgaria is situated on the bridgehead between [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. The Bulgarian [[DNA]] data suggest that a human demographic expansion occurred sequentially in the [[Middle East]], through [[Anatolia]], to the rest of Europe (Bulgaria included). The rate estimates date of this expansion in times ranging around 50,000 years ago, corresponding to the arrival of anatomically modern humans in Europe. <ref>From Asia to Europe: mitochondrial DNA sequence variability in Bulgarians and Turks. Ann Hum Gen.1996.Jan;60 (Pt 1):35-49. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8835097&dopt=AbstractPlus]</ref> From a historical angle, Bulgarians have descended from three main ethnic groups which mixed on the [[Balkans]] during the 6th - 10th century: local tribes, including the [[Thracians]]; [[Slavic]] invaders, who gave their language to the modern Bulgarians; and the ancient [[Bulgars]], from whom the [[ethnonym]] and the early statehood were inherited. In physical appearance, the Bulgarian population is characterized by the features of the [[southern European]] [[Physical anthropology|anthropological]] type<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8851725&dopt=Citation HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 DNA polymorphism in the Bulgarian population.Division of Clinical and Transplantation Immunology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.]</ref> with some additional influences. [[Genetic genealogy|Genetically]], modern Bulgarians are more closely related to other [[Balkan]] populations ([[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]], [[Greeks]], [[Romanians]]) than to the rest of the [[European ethnic groups|European]]s.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12542743&dopt=Abstract HLA polymorphism in Bulgarians defined by high-resolution typing methods in comparison with other populations.]</ref><ref>[http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Rosser2000.pdf Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language]</ref> On the other hand they are closely related to some [[Mediterranean]] and [[Anatolia]]n populations such as [[Armenians]], [[Italians]], [[Anatolians]],[[Crete|Cretans]] and [[Sardinia|Sardinians]].<ref>Distributions of HLA class I alleles and haplotypes in Bulgarians – contribution to understanding the origin of the population. M. Ivanova, P. Spassova, A. Michailova, E. Naumova. Division of Clinical and Transplantation Immunology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria. [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057003208.x]</ref><ref>Bulgarian Bone Marrow Donors Registry—past and future directions - Asen Zlatev, Milena Ivanova, Snejina Michailova, Anastasia Mihaylova and Elissaveta Naumova, Central Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Published online: 2 June 2007 [http://www.springerlink.com/content/8300nn2q37527183/]</ref>
The ethnic contribution of the indigenous [[Thracians|Thracian]] and [[Daco]]-[[Getae|Getic]] population, who had lived on the territory of modern Bulgaria and established here the [[Odrysian kingdom]] has been long debated among the scientists during the 20th century. Some recent genetic studies reveal that these peoples have indeed made a significant contribution to the genes of the modern Bulgarian population, which is however comparable, or even less than, to the contribution to other Balkan (Albanians, Greeks, Romanians) and Italian groups.<ref>[http://www.legmed.ro/files/revista/2004-4/02-Cardos-%20MtDNA.pdf Paleo-MtDNA Analysis and population genetic aspects of old Thracian population from South-Eastern Romania]</ref> This is also apparent in the presence of the [[Aegean]] [[physical anthropology|anthropological]] in some modern Bulgarians. <ref>Lundman, Bertil J. - The Races and Peoples of Europe (New York: IAAEE. 1977)[http://www.snpa.nordish.net/lundman-races.htm]</ref> The ancient languages of the local people had already gone extinct before the arrival of the Slavs, and their cultural influence was highly reduced due to the repeated barbaric invasions on the Balkans during the early [[Middle Ages]] by [[Goths]], [[Celts]], [[Huns]], and [[Sarmatians]], accompanied by persistent [[hellenization]], [[romanisation]] and later [[slavicisation]]. The [[Celts]] also expanded down the [[Danube]] river and its tributaries in 3rd century BC. They had established a state on part of the territory of modern Bulgaria with capital [[Tylis]], which they ruled for over a century.
The Slavs emerged from their original homeland (most commonly thought to have been in [[Eastern Europe]]) in the early 6th century, and spread to most of the eastern [[Central Europe]], Eastern Europe and the Balkans, thus forming three main branches - the [[West Slavs]], the [[East Slavs]] and the [[South Slavs]]. The easternmost South Slavs became part of the ancestors of the modern Bulgarians, which however, are genetically clearly separated from the tight [[DNA]] cluster of the most Slavic peoples. This phenomenon is explained by “the genetic contribution of the people who lived in the region before the Slavic expansion” <ref>[http://dienekes.angeltowns.net/articles/fallmerayer Anthropological Evidence and the Fallmerayer Thesis]</ref>. The frequency of the proposed ''Slavic'' [[Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup R1a1]] ranges to only 14.7% in Bulgaria.
[[Image:An insurgent band in the rising of 1903.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Bulgarian<ref>The British researcher of the Balkans [[H. N. Brailsford]] in his book "Macedonia: its races and their future" started the chapter about the [[Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising]] in Macedonia with the words: "''The moment for which the Bulgarian population had been preparing for ten years arrived on the festival of the Prophet Elias — the evening of Sunday, August the 2nd, 1903.''" H. N. Brailsford, "Macedonia: Its Races and Their Future", Methuen & Co., London, 1906, part V. The Bulgarian movement, chapter 11. The General Rising of 1903 in Monastir, p. 148, online publication [http://www.promacedonia.org/en/hb/hb_5_11.html here], retrieved on [[October 8]], [[2007]].</ref> rebels of [[IMARO]] movement in the [[Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising]], Macedonia, 1903]]
The Bulgars were a seminomadic people thought to have spoken a [[Turkic languages|Turkic language]], who during the 2nd century migrated from [[Central Asia]] into the North [[Caucasus|Caucasian]] [[steppe]]. Between [[377]] and [[453]] they took part in the [[Hun]]nic raids on [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Western Europe]]. After [[Attila]]'s death in [[453]], and the subsequent disintegration of the [[Hunnic Empire]], the Bulgar tribes dispersed mostly to the eastern and southeastern parts of Europe. In the late [[7th century]], some Bulgar tribes, led by [[Asparukh]] and others, led by [[Kouber]], permanently settled in the [[Balkans]], and formed the ruling classe of [[First Bulgarian Empire]] in [[680]]-[[681]]. The Asian genetic inflow by modern Bulgarians, probably introduced from the Bulgars and other steppe's peoples who also contributed to the Bulgarian ethnogenesis, as numbers of [[Kumans]], [[Pechenegs]] and [[Avars]] is indicated trough the limited presence of some rare [[alleles]] and [[haplotypes]].<ref>Five polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein B gene in healthy Bulgarians. Human Biology, Feb 2003.[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_200302/ai_n9188672/pg_1]</ref><ref>[http://www.uni-sz.bg/tsj/Volume2_3/Stanilova%20S%5B1%5D..pdf GENOTYPE AND ALLELIC FREQUENCIES OF A Taq1 POLYMORPHISM IN THE 3’-UTR OF THE IL-12 p40 GENE IN BULGARIANS. L. Miteva, S. Stanilova]</ref>
On the other hand today the neighbouring [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]] are culturally, linguistically and genetically very closely related to Bulgarians, with both of their languages being mutually intelligible. Ethnic Macedonians were identified as 'Bulgarians' by the most of the ethnographers until the middle of the 20th century. The reasons for this were manifold, particularly so because of the late emergence of a Macedonian national consciousness and religious independence, as well as the fluid and interchangeable meaning of 'ethnicity' in pre-twentieth century times. A minuscule proportion of citizens of the [[Republic of Macedonia]] continue to identify as ethnic Bulgarians, and composed about 0.5% of the population at the last census. Lately Bulgaria has maintained a policy of making the procedure as easy as possible for ethnic Macedonians who claim Bulgarian origin to claim citizenship.<ref>[http://iwpr.gn.apc.org/?s=f&o=242497&apc_state=henibcr2005 Shkodrova, Albena, 2005. Bulgaria's Warm Embrace. Institute for War and Peace Reporting]</ref>. During the last few years in which Bulgaria saw rising economic prosperity and admission to the [[EU]], around 60,000 citizens of Republic of Macedonia have applied for Bulgarian citizenship in this way [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/12/13/news/macedonia.php][http://www.vmacedonianews.com/2006/07/macedonias-former-pm-ljubco.html][http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/world/europe/23bulgaria.html?_r=1&oref=slogin][http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/News/B-11+1712.htm]
[http://www.sofiaecho.com/article/60-000-macedonians-wait-for-bulgarian-citizenship---ambassador/id_26703/catid_66], although according to [[Republic of Macedonia]]’s 2002 census, only 1,417 [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]] claimed a Bulgarian ethnic identity.
==Population==
[[Image:Rose-picking in Bulgaria 1870ies.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Rose-picking in the [[Rose Valley, Bulgaria|Rose Valley]] near the town of [[Kazanlak]] in [[Bulgaria]], 1870s', engraving by [[Felix Philipp Kanitz|Felix Kanitz]]]]
Most Bulgarians live in the Republic of [[Bulgaria]]. There are significant Bulgarian minorities in [[Moldova]] and [[Ukraine]] ([[Bessarabian Bulgarians]]), as well as in [[Romania]] ([[Banat Bulgarians]]), [[Serbia]] (the [[Western Outlands]]), [[Greece]], the [[Republic of Macedonia]], [[Albania]], and [[Hungary]]. Many Bulgarians also live in the diaspora, which is formed by representatives and descendants of the old (before 1989) and new (after 1989) emigration. The old emigration was made up of some 160,000 economic and several tens of thousands of political emigrants, and was directed for the most part to the [[United States|U.S.]], [[Canada]], [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]] and [[Germany]]. The new emigration is estimated at some 700,000 people and can be divided into two major subcategories: permanent emigration at the beginning of the 1990s, directed mostly to the [[United States|U.S.]], [[Canada]], [[Austria]], and [[Germany]] and labour emigration at the end of the 1990s, directed for the most part to [[Greece]], [[Italy]], the [[UK]] and [[Spain]]. Migrations to the West have been quite steady even in the late 1990s and early 21st century, as people continue moving to countries like the US, Canada and Australia. Most Bulgarians living in the US can be found in [[Chicago]], IL. However, according to the 2000 US census most Bulgarians live in the cities of [[New York]] and [[Los Angeles]], and the state with most Bulgarians in the US is [[California]].
The largest urban populations of Bulgarians are to be found in [[Sofia]] (1,241,000), [[Plovdiv]] (378,000), and [[Varna]] (352,000)<ref>[http://www.grao.bg/tna.html Главна Дирекция Гражданска Регистрация и Административно Обслужване]</ref>. The total number of Bulgarians thus ranges anywhere from 17 to 18 million, depending solely on the estimation used for the diaspora.
==Culture==
===What was done in the past===
==== Cyrillic alphabet ====
[[Image:Ocslavonic.gif|thumb|left|250px|The old version of the Cyrillic alphabet]]
[[First Bulgarian Empire|Medieval Bulgaria]] was the most important cultural centre of the [[Slavic people]] at the end of the 9th and throughout the 10th century. The two literary schools of [[Preslav Literary School|Preslav]] and [[Ohrid Literary School|Ohrid]] developed a rich literary and cultural activity with authors of the rank of [[Constantine of Preslav]], [[John Exarch]], [[Chernorizets Hrabar]], [[Clement of Ohrid|Clement]] and [[Naum of Ohrid]]. In the first half of the 10th century, the [[Cyrillic alphabet]] was devised in the [[Preslav Literary School]] based on the [[Glagolitic alphabet|Glagolitic]] and the [[Greek alphabet]]s. Modern versions of the alphabet are now used to write five more [[Slavic languages]] such as [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] as well as [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] and some other 60 languages spoken in the former [[Soviet Union]].
Bulgaria exerted similar influence on her neighbouring countries in the mid to late 14th century, at the time of the [[Turnovo Literary School]], with the work of [[Patriarch Evtimiy]], [[Grigoriy Tsamblak]], [[Constantine of Kostenets]] (Konstantin Kostenechki). Bulgarian cultural influence was especially strong in [[Wallachia]] and [[Moldova]] where the [[Cyrillic alphabet]] was used until 1860, while [[Church Slavonic language|Slavonic]] was the official language of the princely {{dn|Chancellery|chancellery}} and of the church until the end of 17th century.
==== Art and science ====
[[Boris Christoff]], [[Nicolai Ghiaurov]], [[Raina Kabaivanska]] and [[Ghena Dimitrova]] made a precious contribution to [[opera]] singing with Ghiaurov and Christoff being two of the greatest [[basso]]s in the post-war period.The name of the harpist-[[Anna-Maria Ravnopolska-Dean]] is one of the best-known harpists today.
Bulgarians have made valuable contributions to world culture in modern times as well. [[Julia Kristeva]] and [[Tzvetan Todorov]] were among the most influential European philosophers in the second half of the 20th century. The artist [[Christo]] is among the most famous representatives of [[environmental art]] with projects such as the [[Wrapped Reichstag]].
Bulgarians in the diaspora have also been active. American scientists and inventors of Bulgarian descent include [[John Atanasoff]], [[Peter Petroff]], and [[Assen Jordanoff]]. Bulgarian-American [[Stephane Groueff]] wrote the celebrated book "[[Manhattan Project]]", about the making of the first atomic bomb and also penned "Crown of Thorns", a biography of [[Tsar]] [[Boris III of Bulgaria]].
==== Sport ====
In the beginning of the 20th century Bulgaria was famous for two of the best wrestlers in the world - [[Dan Kolov]] and [[Nikola Petroff]].
High-jumper [[Stefka Kostadinova]] was one of the top ten female athletes of the last century and holds one of the oldest unbroken world records in athletics.
Hristo Stoichkov was one of the best football (soccer) players in the second half of the 20th century, having played with the national team and [[FC Barcelona]]. He received a number of awards and was the joint top scorer at the [[1994 World Cup]].
===Language===
{{main|Bulgarian language}}
[[Image:ZographensisColour.jpg|right|thumb|150px|A page from the 10th-11th century ''[[Codex Zographensis]]'' found in the Bulgarian [[Zograf Monastery]] on [[Mount Athos]]]]
Bulgarians speak a [[Bulgarian language|Southern Slavic language]] which is to some point similar to [[Serbo-Croatian]] and is often (mostly words, not sentences) mutually intelligible with it. The [[Bulgarian language]] is also, to some degree, mutually intelligible with [[Russian language|Russian]] on account of the influence which Russia has had on the development of Modern Bulgaria since 1878, as well as the earlier effect of [[Old Church Slavonic|Old Bulgarian]] on the development of [[Old East Slavic language|Old Russian]]. Although related, Bulgarian and the Western and Eastern [[Slavic languages]] are not mutually intelligible.
Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic developments that set it apart from other Slavic languages. These are shared with [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]] and [[Greek language|Greek]] (see [[Balkan linguistic union]]). Until 1878 Bulgarian was influenced lexically by medieval and modern [[Greek language|Greek]], and to a much lesser extent, by [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. More recently, the language has borrowed many words from [[Russian language|Russian]], [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]] and [[English language|English]].
Some members of the diaspora do not speak the Bulgarian language (mostly representatives of the old emigration in the [[United States|U.S.]], [[Canada]] and [[Argentina]]) but are still considered Bulgarians by ethnic origin or descent.
The majority of the Bulgarian linguists, as well as international ones, consider the officialized [[Macedonian language]], since 1944, a local variation of Bulgarian, although the linguistic consensus suggests that a language is a language if its speakers define it as such.
The Bulgarian language is written in the [[Cyrillic alphabet]].
===Name system===
{{main|Bulgarian name}}
There are several different layers of Bulgarian names. The vast majority of them have either [[Christianity|Christian]] (names like Lazar, [[Ivan]], Anna, Maria, Ekaterina) or [[Slavs|Slavic]] origin (Vladimir, Svetoslav, Velislava). After the Liberation in 1878, the names of historical [[Bulgars|Bulgar]] rulers like [[Asparuh]], [[Krum]], [[Kubrat]] and [[Tervel]] were resurrected. The old Bulgar name [[Boris]] has spread from Bulgaria to a number of countries in the world with Russian [[tsar]] [[Boris Godunov]] and German tennis player [[Boris Becker]] being two of the examples of its use.
Most Bulgarian male surnames have an ''-ov'' [[family name affix|surname suffix]] ([[Cyrillic]]: ''-ов''). This is sometimes [[Transcription (linguistics)|transcribed]] as ''-off'' (John Atanasov — [[John Atanasoff]], but more often as ''-ov'' e.g. [[Boris Hristov]]). The ''-ov'' suffix is the Slavic gender-[[agreement (linguistics)|agreeing]] suffix, thus ''Ivanov'' ({{lang-bg|Иванов}}) really means "Ivan's". Bulgarian middle names use the gender-[[agreement (linguistics)|agreeing]] suffix as well, thus the middle name of Nikola's son becomes ''Nikolov'', and the middle name of Ivan's son becomes ''Ivanov''. Since names in Bulgarian are gender-based, Bulgarian women have the ''-ova'' [[family name affix|surname suffix]] (Cyrillic: ''-овa''), for example, ''Maria Ivanova''. The plural form of Bulgarian names ends in ''-ovi'' (Cyrillic: ''-ови''), for example the ''Ivanovi'' family ({{lang|bg|Иванови}}).
<!-- too verbose... -->Other common Bulgarian male surnames have the ''-ev'' [[family name affix|surname suffix]] (Cyrillic: ''-ев''), for example Stoev, Ganchev, Peev, and so on. The female surname in this case would have the ''-eva'' [[family name affix|surname suffix]] (Cyrillic: ''-ева''), for example: ''Galina Stoeva''. The last name of the entire family then would have the plural form of ''-evi'' (Cyrillic: ''-еви''), for example: the ''Stoevi'' family ({{lang|bg|Стоеви}}).
Another typical Bulgarian surname suffix, though much less common, is ''-ski''. This surname ending also gets an ''–a'' when the bearer of the name is female (''Smirnenski'' becomes ''Smirnenska''). The plural form of the surname suffix ''-ski'' is still ''-ski'', e.g. the ''Smirnenski'' family ({{lang-bg|Смирненски}}).
The surname suffix ''-ich'' can be found sometimes, primarily among [[Roman Catholicism in Bulgaria|Catholic Bulgarians]]. The ending ''–in'' (female ''-ina'') also appears sometimes, though rather seldom. It used to be given to the child of an unmarried woman (for example the son of ''Kuna'' will get the surname ''Kunin'' and the son of ''Gana'' – ''Ganin''). The surname ending ''–ich'' does not get an additional ''–a'' if the bearer of the name is female.
===Religion===
[[Image:Kukeri-imagesfrombulgaria.JPG|left|thumb|250px|[[Kukeri]] masquerade in a village near [[Karlovo]]]]
Most Bulgarians are at least nominally members of the [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]] founded in 870 AD ([[autocephalous]] since 927 AD). The [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]] is the independent national church of Bulgaria like the other national branches of [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] and is considered an inseparable element of Bulgarian national consciousness. The church has been abolished twice during the periods of Byzantine (1018—1185) and Ottoman (1396—1878) domination but was revived every time as a symbol of Bulgarian statehood. In 2001, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church had a total of 6,552,000 members in Bulgaria (82.6% of the population) and between one and two million members in the diaspora. The problem with the allegiance of the Orthodox Bulgarian minorities in [[Serbia]], [[Romania]], [[Moldova]] and [[Ukraine]] has not yet been settled and Bulgarians in those countries still hold allegiance to the respective national orthodox churches.
Despite the position of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as a unifying symbol for all Bulgarians, smaller or larger groups of Bulgarians have converted to other faiths or denominations through the course of time. In the 16th and the 17th century [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] missionaries converted the Bulgarian [[Paulicians]] in the districts of [[Plovdiv]] and [[Svishtov]] to Roman Catholicism. Nowadays there are some 40,000 Catholic Bulgarians in Bulgaria and additional 10,000 in [[Banat]] in Romania. The Catholic Bulgarians of the Banat are also descendants of Paulicians who fled to Banat at the end of the 17th century after an unsuccessful uprising against the Ottomans.
[[Protestantism]] was introduced in Bulgaria by missionaries from the United States in 1857. Missionary work continued throughout the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. In 2001, there were some 25,000 Protestant Bulgarians in Bulgaria.
Between 15th and 20th century, during the Ottoman rule, a large number of Orthodox Bulgarians converted to [[Islam]]. Their descendants now form the second largest religious congregation in Bulgaria. In 2001, there were 131,000 [[Muslim Bulgarians]] or [[Pomaks]] in Bulgaria in the [[Rhodope Mountains|Rhodope]] region, as well as some villages in the [[Teteven]] region in Central North Bulgaria. Their origins are obscure,<ref>F. De Jong, "The Muslim Minority in Western Thrace", (1980), p. 95</ref> but they are generally believed to be Bulgarians who converted to Islam during the period of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule in the [[Balkans]].<ref>''A Country Study: Bulgaria'', [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0085) "Pomaks"], (1992)</ref>
{{further|[[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]], [[Islam in Bulgaria]], [[Roman Catholicism in Bulgaria]], [[Protestantism in Bulgaria]]}}.
===Symbols===
[[Image:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|thumb|right|150px|Flag of Bulgaria]]
[[Image:Bulgaria coa.png|thumb|right|150px|Coat of Arms of Bulgaria]]
The national symbols of the Bulgarians are the [[Flag of Bulgaria]] and the [[Coat of Arms of Bulgaria]].
The national flag of Bulgaria is a rectangle with three colors: white, green, and red, positioned horizontally top to bottom. The color fields are of same form and equal size.
The [[Coat of Arms of Bulgaria]] is a state symbol of the sovereignty and independence of the Bulgarian people and state. It represents a crowned rampant golden lion on a dark red background with the shape of a shield. Above the shield there is a crown modeled after the crowns of the emperors of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]], with five crosses and an additional cross on top. Two crowned rampant golden lions hold the shield from both sides, facing it. They stand upon two crossed oak branches with acorns, which symbolize the power and the longevity of the Bulgarian state. Under the shield, there is a white band lined with the three national colors. The band is placed across the ends of the branches and the phrase "Unity Makes Strength" is inscribed on it.
Both the Bulgarian flag and the Coat of Arms are also used as symbols of various Bulgarian organisations, political parties and institutions.
== Bulgarians. Faces through history==
<gallery>
Image:Reproduction of Thracian tomb 1.jpg|[[Thracians]], fresco from a [[Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak|Thracian Tomb]] near [[Kazanlak]], 4th century BC
Image:Bulgars.jpg|[[Bulgars]] slaughter [[Byzantines]], from the [[Menology]] of [[Basil II]]
Image:Krum1.jpg|Khan [[Krum of Bulgaria|Krum]] (803-814), led triumphant campaigns against [[Eurasian Avars|Avar Khaganate]] and [[Byzantine Empire]]
Image:Omurtag1.jpg|Khan [[Omurtag of Bulgaria|Omurtag]] (815-831), warrior and builder
Image:182 BG.jpg|Saint Knyaz [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Boris I]] (852–889), converted the Bulgarians into [[Christianity]]
Image:Saint Clement of Ohrid (icon, 13th-14th century).jpg|Icon of Saint [[Clement of Ohrid]] (ca. 840–916), the first [[bishop]] of [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
Image:St. Theodor.jpg|Ceramic icon of Saint Theodore dating to [[Tsar]] [[Simeon I of Bulgaria|Simeon's]] reign (893–927)
Image:Desislava.jpg|A fresco from [[Boyana Church]] near [[Sofia]] depicting Desislava, a church patron (1259)
Image:
Image:Ioal backovo.jpg|Fresco of [[Tsar]] [[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria|Ivan Alexander]] (1331-1371) from [[Bachkovo Monastery]]
Image:Bulgarian women 1586.jpg|Bulgarian women from the period of the [[Ottoman Empire]] rule (16th century)
Image:19th century Bulgarians - Mackenzie and Irby.jpg|Bulgarian peasants with Bulgarian merchant and his son in the late [[Ottoman Empire]], 1860s'
Image:Panayot-Hitov.jpg|[[Panayot Hitov]] (1830–1918), [[hajduk]] and [[voivode]]
Image:hristo botev.gif|[[Hristo Botev]] (1848–1876), [[poet]] and [[revolutionary]]
Image:Battenburg.jpg|[[Knjaz]] [[Alexander Batemberg]], first ruler of modern Bulgaria
Image:Pencho Slaveykov photo.gif|[[Pencho Slaveykov]] (1866-1912), [[Modernist literature|modernist poet]] and [[Literary theory|literary theoretician]]
Image:Tane_Nikolov_Apostol_Petkov.jpg.jpg|[[Tane Nikolov]] and [[Apostol Petkov]], [[voivode]]s of [[IMARO]]
Image:Yordan Radichkov.jpg|[[Yordan Radichkov]] (1929-2004), [[writer]]
Image:Valya Balkanska.jpg|[[Valya Balkanska]], [[folk music]] singer
<!-- nfu image deletedImage:Georgi Ivanov.jpg|[[Georgi Ivanov]], the first Bulgarian [[astronaut]] {{deletable image-caption|1=Tuesday, 20 November 2007}} -->
Image:Julia Kristeva p1200568.jpg|[[Julia Kristeva]], [[literary critic]], [[novelist]], [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]], [[philosopher]] and [[French feminist|feminist]]
Image:Veselin Topalov Sofia Airport 24.10.2005.pic-01.jpg|[[Veselin Topalov]], former [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2005|world chess champion]]
Image:Anna-Maria Ravnopolska-Dean.JPG|[[Anna-Maria Ravnopolska-Dean]], [[harpist]] and [[composer]].
</gallery>
==References and notes==
{{reflist|2}}
==See also==
*[[List of Bulgarians]]
*[[Banat Bulgarians]]
*[[Bessarabian Bulgarians]]
*[[Bulgaria]]
*[[Bulgars]]
*[[History of Bulgaria]]
*[[Bulgarian language]]
*[[Music of Bulgaria]]
*[[Bulgarian cuisine]]
*[[Bulgarian-Americans]]
*[[Bulgarians in Serbia]]
*[[Macedonians (ethnic group)]]
*[[Old Great Bulgaria]]
*[[Bulgarian months]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Macedonia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Serbia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Greece]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Slavic nations]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Republic of Macedonia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the United States]]
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