Burnley 311737 225606058 2008-07-14T14:59:38Z Crac4543 5112591 removed Burnley FC per WP:LEAD - mention does *not* help to summarise this article, unlike an article on the club {{dablink|For other meanings see [[Burnley (disambiguation)]]}} {{Infobox UK place | |country= England |latitude= 53.789 |longitude= -2.248 |area_total_km2= 15.82 |area_footnotes= <ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.xls Office for National Statistics]. Accessed [[15 April]] [[2008]].</ref> |population= 73,021 |population_ref= ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]]) |population_density={{Pop density mi2 to km2|11955|abbr=yes|precision=0|wiki=yes}} |official_name= Burnley |shire_district= [[Burnley (borough)|Burnley]] |shire_county= [[Lancashire]] |region= North West England |constituency_westminster= [[Burnley (UK Parliament constituency)|Burnley]] |post_town= BURNLEY |postcode_district= BB10-12 |postcode_area= BB |dial_code= 01282 |static_image= [[Image:Stjamesstreet.jpg|240px]] |static_image_caption= <small>St James Street, Burnley</small> |os_grid_reference= SD836326 |london_distance= 181 mi (290 km) [[Boxing the compass|SSE]] |website= [http://www.burnley.gov.uk Burnley Borough Council] }} '''Burnley''' is a large town in the [[Burnley (borough)|borough of Burnley]] in [[Lancashire]], [[England]], with a population of around 73,000. It lies 19 miles (30.4 km) east of [[Preston]] at the confluence of the [[River Calder, Lancashire|River Calder]] and [[River Brun]]. It began life in the early [[medieval]] period as a small [[market town]], but its main period of expansion came during the [[Industrial Revolution]], when it became the world's largest producer of cotton cloth. Today, Burnley has lost much of its industry, and is increasingly a [[dormitory town]] for [[Manchester]], [[Leeds]] and the [[M65 motorway|M65]] corridor.<ref>[http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/office_of_the_chief_executive/lancashireprofile/monitors/journeytowork.asp Lancashire County Council]. Accessed [[27 October]] [[2007]].</ref> The public sector is now the town's largest employer. ==History== [[Image:Towneleyhallandgardens.jpg|thumb|right|200px|15th-century [[Towneley Park|Towneley Hall]], seen from its gardens]][[Image:Gawthorpe Hall front.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Gawthorpe Hall]], which is owned by the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]]]][[Image:Weaverstriangle.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Weavers' Triangle, with the [[Leeds and Liverpool Canal]] in the foreground]][[Image:Activeway.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Active Way, part of Burnley's inner ring road, with the historic mills of the Weavers' Triangle visible in the distance]] ===Origins=== Burnley's origins lie in prehistoric times, as indicated by the [[Stone Age]] flint tools and weapons that have been found on the moors around the town.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.4</ref> Local place names [[Padiham]] and Habergham show the influence of the [[Angles]], suggesting that some had settled in the area by the early seventh-century,<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.5</ref> but there is no definitive record of settlement until 1122, when a charter granted the church of Burnley to the monks of [[Pontefract]] Abbey.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.6</ref> In its early days, Burnley was a small farming community, gaining a [[gristmill|corn mill]] in 1290, a market in 1294, and a [[Fulling|fulling mill]] in 1296.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.6</ref> At this period, it lay within the manor of Ightenhill, one of five that made up the [[Honour (land)|Honour]] of [[Clitheroe]], then a far more significant settlement, and consisted of no more than 50 families.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.7</ref> Little survives of early Burnley – the name means ‘meadow by the River Brun’ <ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.6</ref> – apart from the Market Cross, erected in 1295, which now stands in the grounds of an annexe of Burnley College.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.6</ref> Over the next three centuries, Burnley grew in size to about 1,200 inhabitants by 1550, still centred around the church, St Peter’s, in what is now known as ‘Top o’ th’ Town’. Prosperous residents built larger houses, including [[Gawthorpe Hall]] and [[Towneley Park|Towneley Hall]], and in 1532 St Peter’s Church was largely rebuilt.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.8</ref> Burnley’s [[grammar school]] was founded in 1559, and moved into its own schoolhouse next to the church in 1602.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.9</ref> Burnley began to develop in this period into a small [[market town]]. It is known that [[weaving]] was established in the town by the middle of the seventeenth-century,<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.11</ref> and in 1617 a new Market House was built. The town continued to be centred on St Peter’s Church until the market was moved to the bottom of what is today Manchester Road at the end of the eighteenth-century.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.13</ref> ===Industrial Revolution=== In the second half of the eighteenth-century, the manufacture of [[Cotton mill|cotton]] began to replace that of wool. Burnley’s earliest known factories – dating from the mid-century – stood on the banks of the [[River Calder, Lancashire|River Calder]] close to where it is joined by the [[River Brun]], and relied on water power to drive the [[Spinning jenny|spinning machines]], but by 1830 there were 32 [[Stationary steam engine|steam engines]] in cotton mills throughout the rapidly expanding town.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.14</ref> By 1866, the town was the largest producer of cotton cloth in the world.<ref>[http://www.burnley.gov.uk/youthscene/didyouknows.html Burnley Borough Council]. Accessed [[6 September]], [[2007]].</ref> The eighteenth-century also saw the rapid development of coal mining: the [[Drift mining|drift mines]] and shallow [[Bell pit|bell-pits]] of earlier centuries were replaced by deeper shafts meeting industrial as well as domestic demand locally, and by 1800 there were over a dozen pits in the centre of the town alone.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.15</ref> The first [[Toll road|turnpike]] road through Burnley was begun in 1754, linking the town to [[Blackburn]] and [[Colne]], and by the early nineteenth-century there were daily stagecoach journeys to [[Blackburn]], [[Skipton]] and [[Manchester]], the last taking just over two hours.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.16</ref> For the transportation of goods in bulk, the [[Leeds and Liverpool Canal]] arrived in 1796, and in 1848 the [[East Lancashire Railway 1844-1859|East Lancashire Railway Company]]’s extension from Accrington linked the town to the nation’s nascent railway network for the first time.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.17</ref> By 1851, the town’s population had reached almost 21,000.<ref>Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', p.18</ref> Burnley became incorporated as a [[municipal borough]] in 1861, and became, under the [[Local Government Act 1888]], a [[county borough]] outside the administrative county of Lancashire. But from a population of over 100,000 in 1911, the town's population has declined to today's figure,<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10055350&c_id=10001043&add=N www.visionofbritain.org.uk]. Accessed [[6 September]], [[2007]].</ref> mirroring the decline in its traditional industries of textiles, mining and engineering. Under the [[Local Government Act 1972]] Burnley's county borough status was abolished, and it was incorporated with neighbouring areas into the non-metropolitan district of [[Burnley (borough)|Burnley]]. ===Recent Times=== Burnley has lost significant portions of its traditional manufacturing base over the past twenty years. In June 2001, the town received national attention following a series of violent disturbances arising from racial tension between elements of its white and immigrant communities.<ref>[http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2001/12/11/Burnleytaskforce.pdf Burnley Task Force report]. Accessed [[6 September]], [[2007]].</ref> {{Expand-section|date=June 2008}} ==Governance== Burnley has three tiers of government, [[Burnley (borough)|Burnley Borough Council]] and [[Lancashire County Council]] ("local"), the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom parliament]] ("national") and the [[European Parliament]] ("Europe"). While the town itself is unparished, the rest of the borough has one further, bottom tier of government, the [[parish council|parish or town council]].<ref>[http://www.burnley.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?categoryID=459&documentID=780 Burnley Borough Council]. Accessed [[18 September]] [[2007]].</ref> ===Local=== {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="left" |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! colspan="6"|Composition of Burnley Borough Council (as of May [[2008]]) |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! colspan="2"|Party ! align="center" |Group Leader ! style="width: 60px"|Seats ! style="width: 60px"|Change (on 2007) |- ! style="background-color: {{Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/color}}" | | style="width: 170px" |[[Liberal Democrats (UK)|{{Liberal Democrats (UK)/meta/shortname}}]] ! align="center" |Gordon Birtwistle | align="center" |23 | align="center" |+5 |- ! style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | | style="width: 170px" | [[Labour Party (UK)|{{Labour Party (UK)/meta/shortname}}]] ! align="center" |Julie Cooper | align="center" |12 | align="center" |-5 |- ! style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | | style="width: 170px" | [[Conservative Party (UK)|{{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/shortname}}]] ! align="center" |Peter Doyle | align="center" |6 | align="center" |0 |- ! style="background-color: {{British National Party/meta/color}}" | | style="width: 170px" |[[British National Party]] ! align="center" |Sharon Wilkinson | align="center" |4 | align="center" |0 |- |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! colspan="3"|Total Seats ! style="width: 60px"|45 |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |} [[Burnley (borough)|Burnley Borough Council]] has been governed since 2008 by the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]], led by Gordon Birtwistle. The [[mayor]] – a ceremonial post, which rotates annually – is currently Ida Carmichael ([[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]). The borough comprises 15 [[Wards of the United Kingdom|wards]], 12 of which – Bank Hall, Briercliffe, Brunshaw, Coal Clough with Deerplay, Daneshouse with Stoneyholme, Gannow, Lanehead, Queensgate, Rosegrove with Lowerhouse, Rosehill with Burnley Wood, Trinity, and Whittlefield with Ightenhill – fall within the town itself.<ref>[http://www.burnley.gov.uk/site/scripts/download_info.php?fileID=513 Burnley Borough Council]. Accessed [[6 November]] [[2007]].</ref> [[Lancashire County Council]] has been governed since 1994 by [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]. The town is represented on the council in 6 [[County constituency|divisions]]: Burnley Central East, Burnley Central West, Burnley North East, Burnley Rural, Burnley South West, and Padiham & Burnley West.<ref>[http://www3.lancashire.gov.uk/council/councillors/councillorsAreas.asp Lancashire County Council]. Accessed [[6 November]] [[2007]].</ref> ===National=== The Member of Parliament for [[Burnley (UK Parliament constituency)|Burnley]] since [[United Kingdom general election, 2005|2005]] has been [[Kitty Ussher]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]), who is currently [[Economic Secretary to the Treasury]].<ref>[http://biographies.parliament.uk/parliament/default.asp?id=35874 www.parliament.uk]. Accessed [[6 November]] [[2007]].</ref> ===Europe=== Burnley lies within the [[North West England (European Parliament constituency)|North West England]] European Parliament constituency, which elects 9 MEPs by proportional representation - currently 3 [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]], 3 [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]], 2 [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] and 1 [[United Kingdom Independence Party|UKIP]].<ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/search.do?country=GB&zone=North+West&language=EN European Parliament official site]. Accessed [[6 November]] [[2007]].</ref> ==Geography== [[Image:Riverbrun.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The [[River Brun]] as it flows through Burnley]][[Image:Rowleyhallpicnicsite.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The lake and picnic site at Rowley Hall on a chilly January afternoon]]{{climate chart |Burnley |1|6|69 |1|6|51 |2|9|61 |4|11|51 |7|15|61 |10|18|66 |12|19|66 |12|19|79 |10|17|74 |7|13|76 |3|9|79 |2|7|79 |source=[http://uk.weather.com/weather/climatology/UKXX1137 www.weather.com] |float=left }}The town lies in a natural three-forked [[valley]] at the [[confluence]] of the [[River Brun]] and [[River Calder, Lancashire|River Calder]], surrounded by open fields which evolve into wild moorland at higher altitudes. There are several large parks in the town, including [[Towneley Park]], once the [[deer park]] for the 15th-century Towneley Hall, and three winners of the Green Flag Award, including Queens Park, which hosts a summer season of [[brass band]] concerts each year, and Thompson Park, which has a boating lake and [[miniature railway]].<ref>[http://www.greenflagaward.org.uk/winners/winners_list.asp?sectionId=22&region=northwest www.greenflagaward.org.uk]. Accessed [[10 September]] [[2007]].</ref> The landmark [[RIBA]]-award winning [[Panopticons|Panopticon]] ''Singing Ringing Tree'', overlooking the town from the hills at Crown Point, was installed in 2006.<ref>[http://www.panopticons.uk.net/ www.panopticons.uk.net]. Accessed [[6 September]], [[2007]].</ref> To the west of Burnley lie the towns of [[Padiham]], [[Accrington]] and [[Blackburn]], with [[Nelson, Lancashire|Nelson]] and [[Colne]] to the north. To the north west of the town lies the imposing and visually dramatic [[Pendle Hill]], home of the [[Pendle Witches]], whose summit stands 557m (1827ft) above sea level. To the east of the town lie the hills of the [[South Pennines]], and to the south, the [[Forest of Rossendale]]. The [[Pennine Way]] passes six miles east of Burnley; the [[Mary Towneley Loop]], part of the [[Pennine Bridleway]], and the [[Burnley Way]] offer riders and walkers clearly-signed routes through the countryside immediately surrounding the town. The [[Leeds and Liverpool Canal]] passes through the town on a 60ft high embankment known as the 'Straight Mile', built between 1796 and 1801 to avoid the need for locks, and today regarded as one of the seven wonders of the British waterways.<ref>[http://www.weaverstriangle.co.uk/straight.htm www.weaverstriangle.co.uk]. Accessed [[6 November]] [[2007]].</ref> ==Demography== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" align="left" |- ! Year ! Population<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_chart_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10055350&c_id=10001043&add=N www.visionofbritain.org.uk]. Accessed [[18 September]] [[2007]].</ref> |- | 1911 | 106,322 |- | 1921 | 103,157 |- | 1931 | 98,258 |- | 1939 | 85,400 |- | 1951 | 84,987 |- | 1961 | 80,559 |- | 1971 | 76,489 |- | 2001 | 73,021 |}The [[United Kingdom Census 2001]] showed a total resident population for Burnley of 73,021. The town is the main population centre in the Burnley-Nelson urban area, which has an estimated population of 149,796; for comparison purposes, this is about the same size as [[Huddersfield]], [[Oxford]] or [[Poole]].<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.xls Office for National Statistics]. Accessed [[6 September]], [[2007]].</ref> The racial composition of the borough is 91.77% White and 7.16% Asian or Asian British. The largest religious groups are Christian (74.46%) and Muslim (6.58%). 59.02% of adults between the ages of 16 and 74 are classed as economically active and in work.<ref>[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=277016&c=burnley&d=13&e=16&g=461341&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&enc=1 Office for National Statistics. 2001 census.] Accessed [[6 September]], [[2007]].</ref> ==Transport== ===Road=== [[Image:A682.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The summit of the A682 south of Burnley, looking down into the town]]Burnley is served by Junctions 9, 10 and 11 of the [[M65 motorway]], which runs west to [[Accrington]], [[Blackburn]] and [[Preston]], and northeast to [[Nelson, Lancashire|Nelson]] and [[Colne]]. From the town centre, the [[A646 road|A646]] runs to [[Todmorden]], the [[A679 road|A679]] to [[Accrington]], the [[A671 road|A671]] to [[Clitheroe]], and the [[A682 road|A682]] – Britain's most dangerous road<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6235058.stm www.bbc.co.uk], [[24 June]], [[2007]]. Accessed [[6 September]], [[2007]].</ref> – south to [[Rawtenstall]] and northeast to [[Nelson, Lancashire|Nelson]] and the [[Yorkshire Dales]]. ===Rail=== Rail services to and from Burnley are provided by [[Northern Rail]]. The town has three railway stations, [[Burnley Manchester Road railway station|Burnley Manchester Road]], [[Burnley Central railway station|Burnley Central]] and, on the western outskirts of the town centre, [[Burnley Barracks railway station|Burnley Barracks]]. (A fourth station, [[Rose Grove railway station|Rose Grove]], serves the Rose Grove district west of Burnley.) Manchester Road station has an hourly semi-fast service west to [[Preston railway station|Preston]] and [[Blackpool North railway station|Blackpool North]] and east to [[Leeds railway station|Leeds]] and [[York railway station|York]], whilst the Central and Barracks stations provide an hourly stopping service west to [[Blackpool South railway station|Blackpool South]] and Preston, and east to [[Nelson railway station|Nelson]] and [[Colne railway station|Colne]]. ===Bus and coach=== [[Image:burnley bus station.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Burnley Bus Station]] The main bus operator in Burnley is [[Burnley & Pendle]], although [[Northern Blue]] operate some local and coastal services and Tyrer Bus operate some tendered town services. Other services are provided by Coastlinks Express (X27 to [[Southport]]), [[FirstGroup plc|First]] (589 to [[Rochdale]], 592 to [[Halifax, West Yorkshire]]), [[Lancashire United]] (152 to [[Preston]]), Pennine (215 to [[Skipton]]), and [[Rossendale Transport]] (483 to [[Bury]]). [[National Express]] operates three coach services to [[London]] each day, and one to [[Birmingham]]. The town has good bus links into [[Manchester]], compensating for the lack of a direct rail link: the X43/X44 Witch Way service (operated by Burnley & Pendle) runs from [[Nelson, Lancashire|Nelson]] to Manchester, via Burnley and [[Rawtenstall]], using a fleet of specially-branded double-decker buses with leather seats. The fastest journeys take 59 minutes. The town's futuristic bus station, designed by Manchester-based [http://sbsarch.co.uk SBS Architects], won the UK Bus Award for Infrastructure in 2003.<ref>[http://ukbusawards.co.uk/2003Infrastructure www.ukbusawards.co.uk]. Accessed [[10 September]] [[2007]].</ref> ==Economy and Industry== [[Image:Queenstreetmill.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Queen Street Mill Textile Museum]] Burnley's traditional employment base has been in decline for several decades. The last deep coal mine, Hapton Valley Colliery, closed in February 1981 and the last steam-powered mill, Queen Street Mill, in 1982. Over the next two decades, Burnley's two largest manufacturers both closed their factories: Prestige in July 1997 and [[Michelin]] in April 2002.<ref>[http://archive.thisislancashire.co.uk/1997/7/5/823892.html "Prestige: some jobs are saved"]. ''Lancashire Evening Telegraph'', [[5 July]] [[1997]]. Accessed [[11 September]] [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://archive.thisislancashire.co.uk/2002/12/30/575717.html "End of an era"]. ''Lancashire Evening Telegraph'', [[30 December]] [[2002]]. Accessed [[11 September]] [[2007]].</ref> The town has struggled to recover: its employment growth between 1995 and 2004 placed it 55th of England's 56 largest towns and cities,<ref>[http://www.ippr.org/members/download.asp?f=/ecomm/files/two_track_cities.pdf&a=skip Institute for Public Policy Research]. Accessed [[6 September]] [[2007]].</ref> and as of 2007 it was the 21st most deprived local authority (out of 354) in the United Kingdom.<ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=277016&c=burnley&d=13&e=10&g=461341&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351160842&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1891 www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk]. Accessed [[26 January]] [[2008]].</ref> 13% of its workforce currently claims [[incapacity benefit]] (national average 7%).<ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=277016&c=burnley&d=13&e=9&g=461341&i=1001x1003x1004&o=267&m=0&r=1&s=1207064242166&enc=1 www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk]. Accessed [[1 April]] [[2008]].</ref> The largest employment sector in the town is now public administration, education and health (31.2%), followed by manufacturing (21.9%).<ref>[https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038432053/report.aspx Office for National Statistics]. Accessed [[11 September]] [[2007]].</ref> Key manufacturing employers today are in highly specialised fields: Gardner Aerospace, [[SAFRAN|Safran Aircelle]] and Unison Engine Components ''(aerospace components)'' and TRW Automotive ''(automotive components)''.<ref>[http://www.culture.gov.uk/CAP/eip/eip_docs/blackpool/post_info/CLCRbrochure_Oct06.pdf Central Lancashire City Region Development Programme]. Accessed [[11 September]] [[2007]].</ref> In 2004, the [http://www.lancsdtc.co.uk/ Lancashire Digital Technology Centre] was established on land formerly occupied by the now-closed [[Michelin]] factory to provide support and incubation space for start-up technology companies. The town's main shopping street is St James Street, onto which Charter Walk [[shopping centre]] opens. The town centre is home to a good number of major high street multiples, including [[Marks and Spencer]], [[Next (retailer)|Next]] and [[W H Smith]], and a healthy mix of other shops, including specialist food shops, independent record shops and an independent bookshop. A large council-run [http://www.burnley.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?categoryID=3444&documentID=203 market] is open six days a week. On the edge of the town centre, three [[retail park]]s house [[big-box store|big box stores]], including [[Currys]], [[Focus (DIY)|Focus DIY]] and [[PC World (retailer)|PC World]]; there are also a number of [[Outlet store|mill shops]]. A second town centre shopping centre, 'The Oval', housing 32 further units, is scheduled for construction in 2008-2010, but has yet to secure the anchor tenant needed for the project to proceed.<ref>[http://www.burnleyexpress.net/burnley-news/Debenhams-Pulls-Out.1936416.jp "Debenhams Pulls Out!"], ''Burnley Express'', [[19 December]] [[2006]]. Accessed [[7 September]] [[2007]].</ref> ==Sport== Burnley has good sporting facilities for a town of its size. The new £29m St Peter's Centre offers [[Swimming pool|swimming]], [[Squash (sport)|squash courts]] and a [[Gym|fitness suite]], while the nearby Spirit of Sport complex includes a large sports hall, and several indoor courts and synthetic pitches.<ref>[http://www.burnley.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?categoryID=1490&documentID=894 Burnley Borough Council]. Accessed [[7 September]] [[2007]].</ref> There is an outdoor athletics track at Barden Lane, where the [http://www.burnleyathleticclub.org.uk/ Burnley Athletic Club] meets. For golfers, there are both 9 hole and 18 hole municipal [[golf courses]] at [[Towneley Park]], along with an 18-hole [[pitch and putt]] course.<ref>[http://www.burnley.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=4&pageNumber=2 www.burnley.gov.uk]. Accessed [[4 December]] [[2007]].</ref> (The private [http://www.burnleygolf.sitenet.pl/ Burnley Golf Club] also welcomes visiting players.) There are [[tennis courts]] at Towneley Park, as well as at the [http://burnley.totaltennis.net/home/home.asp Burnley Lawn Tennis Club], eleven [[Bowls|bowling greens]] around the town,<ref>[http://www.burnley.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?categoryID=1165&documentID=150 Burnley Borough Council]. Accessed [[7 September]] [[2007]].</ref> and a £235,000 [[skate park]] at Queens Park, which opened in 2003. There are also [http://burnleybasketball.easyfreeforum.net/ basketball], [http://www.burnleycavingclub.org.uk/ caving] and [http://www.burnley.judouk.org/ judo] clubs in the town. The town's sporting life is dominated by [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley Football Club]], which was founded in [[1882]], and has played its home matches at [[Turf Moor]] since [[1883]], where attendance currently averages 12,000.<ref>[http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/park/yfh45/burnley.htm#Record%20Attendance Internet Football Grounds Guide]. Accessed [[12 February]] [[2008]].</ref> The club was one of the 12 founder members of the [[Football League]] in [[1888]], and is one of only four to have held continuous membership of that league. Nicknamed the Clarets, in 2007-08 they play in the [[Football League Championship|Championship]]. Other football clubs in the town include [[Burnley United F.C.|Burnley United]] and Burnley Belvedere, members of the [[West Lancashire Football League]]. There are two members of the [[Lancashire League (cricket)|Lancashire Cricket League]] in the town. [[Burnley Cricket Club]] play their home matches at Turf Moor, on a field next to the football ground, while [[Lowerhouse Cricket Club]] play at Liverpool Road. ==Culture and Nightlife== Burnley is well-served for a town of its size. There is a 9-screen [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex cinema]] in the town centre, operated by [[Apollo Cinemas]], and a [[theatre]] called the [http://www.burnleymechanics.co.uk/ Mechanics Institute], which plays host to touring comedians and musical acts, as well as staging amateur dramatics. A second performance space, the purpose-built £1.5m [http://www.burnleyyouththeatre.com/ Burnley Youth Theatre], opened nearby in 2005. For art lovers, there is a small contemporary visual arts gallery, the [http://www.midpenninearts.org.uk/ Mid-Pennine Gallery], and - on the outskirts of Burnley - larger galleries in the town's two stately homes, [[Towneley Park|Towneley Hall]] and [[Gawthorpe Hall]]. There are also two local museums: the town's Historical Society operates the Museum of Local History in the historic surroundings of the [http://www.weaverstriangle.co.uk/ Weavers' Triangle], while the [http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/education/museums/queen/ Queen Street Mill Textile Museum] celebrates Burnley's weaving past. Once a year, Burnley hosts the two-day [http://www.burnleymechanics.co.uk/blues.php Burnley National Blues Festival], one of the largest [[Blues]] festivals in the country, drawing fans from all over Britain to venues spread across the town. In the 1970s, it was also an important venue for [[Northern Soul]];<ref>Roberts, ''Northern Soul Top 500'', p.369</ref> several local pubs still hold regular Northern Soul nights. In recent years, the town has also hosted an annual [[Burnley Balloon Festival|balloon festival]] in the setting of [[Towneley Park]]. Burnley has a lively nightlife, drawing clubbers from all over the north-west. The town is dominated by the club [http://clubs.ukcn.com/clubs/desktopdefault.aspx?poid=206&Hit=1 Lava Ignite]; other major bars and nightclubs include [http://www.clubfusionuk.com/ Fusion] (electro, retro, ghetto, house and techno), Calamity Jane's ([[cowboy]]-themed), [http://www.freewebs.com/smackwaterjacks/ Smackwater Jacks], [http://www.dontstayin.com/uk/burnley/isabar Isabar], Posh, [http://www.hellboundrockclub.com The Hellbound Rockclub @ Graffiti Club] and [http://www.sanctuaryrocks.co.uk/ Sanctuary Rock Bar]. Burnley has a small gay scene, centred on the Guys as Dolls bar (previously the Garden Bar) in St James Street. There are also chain-owned bars, such as [[Wetherspoons]] and [[The Walkabout (pub chain)|Walkabout]]. The local brewery, [[Moorhouse's Brewery|Moorhouse's]], was founded in 1865, and currently operates six pubs in the area, while more [[Bénédictine]] is drunk in one local [[working men's club]], the Burnley Miners Club, than anywhere else in the world, after a local regiment stationed in [[Normandy]] during [[World War I]] brought back a taste for the drink.<ref>[http://www.aftermathww1.com/benedictine.asp "The Tommies' tipple is back in vogue"], ''Manchester Evening News'', [[2 August]] [[2002]]. Accessed [[23 October]] [[2007]].</ref> ==Media== Local radio for Burnley and its surrounding area is currently provided by [[2BR]] and [[BBC Radio Lancashire]]. A third, [[Community radio|community station]], [[Burnley Community Radio]], is presently awaiting the results of its application for a five-year licence from [[Ofcom]]. There are two local newspapers: the [[Burnley Express]], published on Tuesdays and Fridays, and the daily [[Lancashire Telegraph]], which publishes a local edition for Burnley and [[Pendle]]. [[Image:Burnley Police HQ1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Police Station & Magistrates Court by [[Bradshaw Gass & Hope]]]] ==Filmography== Parts of the film [[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]] (1961) and the television series [[All Quiet on the Preston Front]] and [[Juliet Bravo]] were filmed in the town. (For example, Burnley Fire Station was the location of Social Services in the first series of Juliet Bravo, and [http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/libraries/librarydetails/libhist.asp?name=Burnley Burnley public library] was used for exterior shots of the Magistrates Court in the same series.) ==Education== A [[grammar school]] for boys was first founded in St Peter's Church in 1559, its first headmaster a former [[chantry]] priest, Gilbert Fairbank. In 1602, one of the governors, John Towneley, paid for a new schoolhouse to be built in the churchyard;<ref>Hall & Spencer, ''Burnley: A Pictorial History'', p.[2]</ref> the school moved again in 1876 to a new building on Bank Parade, which can still be seen today.<ref>[http://www.visitburnley.com/timeline.php www.visitburnley.com]. Accessed [[6 November]] [[2007]].</ref> The equivalent school for girls, Burnley Girls' High School, was established in 1909 on a site in Ormerod Road,<ref>[http://www.visitburnley.com/timeline.php www.visitburnley.com]. Accessed [[6 November]] [[2007]]</ref> and relocated on Kiddrow Lane in the 1960s. The borough moved to [[Comprehensive school|comprehensive education]] in 1981,<ref>[http://www.burnleystpeterheritage.co.uk/20thcenturypage5.htm Burnley St Peter's Heritage - Story of Church and Town]. Accessed [[13 November]] [[2007]].</ref> and today has five 11-16 secondary schools: *[[Blessed Trinity RC College]] *[[Hameldon Community College]] *[[Shuttleworth College]] *[[Sir John Thursby Community College]] *[[Unity College (Burnley)|Unity College]] These opened in September 2006 as part of the first wave of a nationwide 10-15 year programme of capital investment funded by the [[Department for Education and Skills]] called [http://www.bsf.gov.uk Building Schools for the Future]. The schools currently occupy the buildings of Burnley's seven previous secondary schools; over the next four years all are to be completely rebuilt. [[Burnley Schools' Sixth Form]], which forms a sixth element of the BSF programme, offers sixth form provision on the site of the former Barden High School. [http://www.burnley.ac.uk Burnley College] is the borough's main [[tertiary education]] provider, offering [[vocational]] and professional training, [[adult education]], and a small number of [[degree courses]], as well as some [[GCSE]] courses and a full range of [[Advanced Level (UK)|A levels]]. It is scheduled to move to a new £70million campus off Princess Way in September 2009. ===Attainment=== The town's educational attainment is below the national average at all levels. In 2007, 72% of children at the end of [[Key Stage 2]] achieved at least Level 4 in English (national average 80%), and 70% in Mathematics (national average 77%).<ref>[http://www.dfes.gov.uk/inyourarea/statics/pcon_082_2.shtml Department for Children, Schools and Families]. Accessed [[6 February]] [[2008]].</ref> At the end of [[Key Stage 3]], the figures achieving at least Level 5 were 66% in English (national average 74%), and 66% in Mathematics (national average 76%).<ref>[http://www.dfes.gov.uk/inyourarea/statics/pcon_082_3.shtml Department for Children, Schools and Families]. Accessed [[11 March]] [[2008]].</ref> 41.1% of students at the end of [[Key Stage 4]] achieved at least 5 A*-C grades at GCSE (national average 62.0%).<ref>[http://www.dfes.gov.uk/inyourarea/statics/pcon_082_4.shtml Department for Children, Schools and Families]. Accessed [[6 February]] [[2008]].</ref> Three of the town's five secondary schools are currently in the bottom 5% nationally for adding value between the end of Key Stage 2 and the end of Key Stage 4;<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/7180218.stm www.bbc.co.uk]. Accessed [[10 January]] [[2008]].</ref> two of the five schools are currently in [[special measures]].<ref>[http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/headlines/display.var.2090693.0.third_burnley_super_school_under_fire.php "Third Burnley super school under fire"], ''Lancashire Telegraph'', [[4 March]] [[2008]]. Accessed [[4 March]] [[2008]].</ref> == Twin Towns == Burnley is twinned with: *{{flagicon|France}} [[Vitry-sur-Seine]] (''since 1958'') *{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Jhelum (city)|Jhelum]] (''since 2007'') &ndash; ''unofficial''<ref>[http://www.burnley.gov.uk/downloads/14-02-07_3_.pdf Minutes of Burnley Borough Council meeting], [[14 February]] [[2007]]. Accessed [[21 August]] [[2007]].</ref> ==People== ===Entertainment=== Probably the best-known Burnley figure in the field of entertainment is actor and gay rights activist [[Sir Ian McKellen]],<ref>Barratt, ''Ian McKellen: An Unofficial Biography'', p.1</ref> who was born in the town in 1939. Other actors born in the town include [[Julia Haworth]]<ref>[http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/soaps/coronation_street/whos_who/claire_peacock www.whatsontv.co.uk]. Accessed [[22 October]] [[2007]].</ref> ''([[Coronation Street]])'', [[Richard Moore (actor)|Richard Moore]]<ref>[http://archive.thisislancashire.co.uk/2005/7/20/866335.html www.thisislancashire.co.uk]. Accessed [[22 October]] [[2007]].</ref> and [[Lisa Riley]]<ref>[http://www.tv.com/lisa-riley/person/156856/summary.html?tag=stars;name;21 www.tv.com]. Accessed [[22 October]] [[2007]].</ref> ''([[Emmerdale]])'', [[Alice Barry]]<ref>[http://www.urbantalent.tv/actor_profile/cv.asp?id=26 Urban Talent Acting Agency]. Accessed [[22 October]] [[2007]].</ref> and [[Jody Latham]]<ref>[http://www.tv.com/jody-latham/person/150386/summary.html www.tv.com]. Accessed [[22 October]] [[2007]].</ref> ''([[Shameless (UK TV series)|Shameless]])'', and film actor [[Lee Ingleby]].<ref>[http://ingleby5.tripod.com/bio.html Daryn's Lee Ingleby Page]. Accessed [[2 October]] [[2007]].</ref> [[Paul Abbott]],<ref>[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/970032/index.html British Film Institute screenonline database]. Accessed [[22 October]] [[2007]].</ref><ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/jul/12/television "Estate of Play"], ''The Guardian'', [[12 July]] [[2008]]. Accessed [[14 July]] [[2008]].</ref> creator of ''Shameless'', is another native of the town. Television producer and executive [[Peter Salmon]]<ref>[http://media.guardian.co.uk/mediaguardian/story/0,,1968859,00.html "Salmon's leap of faith"], ''The Guardian'', [[11 December]] [[2006]]. Accessed [[22 October]] [[2007]].</ref> was also born in Burnley. Musicians born in the town include [[Danbert Nobacon]], [[Alice Nutter (musician)|Alice Nutter]], [[Lou Watts]] and [[Boff Whalley]] ''([[Chumbawamba]])'',<ref>[http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Cabana/7272/cwfaq.html#1B A Chumbawumba FAQ]. Accessed [[22 October]] [[2007]].</ref> as well as classical composer [[John Pickard (composer)|John Pickard]].<ref>Rickards, 'Icarus Soaring: The Music of John Pickard', p.2</ref> The nineteenth-century author and clergyman [[Silas Hocking]]<ref>[http://www.burnley.gov.uk/youthscene/didyouknows.html Burnley Borough Council]. Accessed [[23 October]] [[2007]].</ref> wrote his most famous work, ''Her Benny'' (1879), while living in Burnley. Crime writer [[Stephen Booth (writer)|Stephen Booth]] is another native of the town.<ref>[http://www.stephen-booth.com/new%20stephenbooth.htm Stephen Booth official site]. Accessed [[28 April]] [[2008]].</ref> ===Politics and the Church=== [[Shahid Malik]],<ref>[http://www.shahidmalikmp.org/Constituency Shahid Malik MP official site]. Accessed [[24 October]] [[2007]].</ref> Labour MP for Dewsbury, [[Phil Willis]],<ref>[http://www.libdems.org.uk/party/people/mr-phil-willis.0047.html Liberal Democrats official site]. Accessed [[23 October]] [[2007]].</ref> Liberal Democrat MP for Harrogate & Knaresborough, and [[Sir Vincent Fean]],<ref>[http://www.omc.it/news.htm www.omc.it]. Accessed [[24 October]] [[2007]].</ref> HM Ambassador to Libya, were born in Burnley, as were [[James Yorke Scarlett]],<ref>Chapples, ''General Scarlett: The Burnley Hero of Balaclava'', p.6</ref> commander of the Heavy Brigade at the [[Battle of Balaclava]], and the sixteenth-century Catholic martyr [[Robert Nutter]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11171c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia]. Accessed [[23 October]] [[2007]].</ref> ===Science and Industry=== Engineer [[Willis Jackson, Baron Jackson of Burnley|Willis Jackson]]<ref>[http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=2212&inst_id=3 www.aim25.ac.uk]. Accessed [[23 October]] [[2007]].</ref> was born and educated in the town. ===Sport=== Burnley's sporting figures include England and Lancashire cricketer [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]],<ref>[http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/8608.html www.cricinfo.com]. Accessed [[24 October]] [[2007]].</ref> England and Everton Women's goalkeeper [[Rachel Brown]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/get_involved/4246392.stm www.bbc.co.uk]. Accessed [[24 October]] [[2007]].</ref> Pakistan and Tranmere midfielder [[Adnan Ahmed]],<ref>[http://www.tranmererovers.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10365~23815,00.html Tranmere Rovers official site]. Accessed [[23 October]] [[2007]].</ref> [[Bury F.C.|Bury FC]] manager [[Chris Casper]],<ref>[http://www.buryfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/TheManagement/0,,10422~1031617,00.html Bury FC official site]. Accessed [[24 October]] [[2007]].</ref> [[Commonwealth Games]] Gold Medal-winning gymnast [[Craig Heap]],<ref>[http://archive.burnleycitizen.co.uk/2002/8/28/599272.html "Town says thanks to its golden boy"], ''Burnley Citizen'', [[28 August]] [[2002]]. Accessed [[24 August]] [[2007]].</ref> and [[Neil Hodgson]], [[2003]] [[Superbike|World Superbike]] champion.<ref>[http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2005/Dec/051221-100a.htm www.superbikeplanet.com]. Accessed [[24 October]] [[2007]].</ref> [[Ron Greenwood]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/1447218.stm www.bbc.co.uk]. Accessed [[24 October]] [[2007]].</ref> former manager of the [[England National Football Team|England football team]], was born in nearby [[Worsthorne]]. ==Notes== {{Reflist|2}} ==References== *Mike Barratt, ''Ian McKellen: An Unofficial Biography'', Virgin Books, 2006 ISBN 0-7535-1074-X *Steve Chapples, ''General Scarlett: The Burnley Hero of Balaclava'', Arncliffe Press, 2006 *Brian Hall, ''Burnley: A Short History'', Burnley Historical Society, 2002 *Brian Hall & Ken Spencer, ''Burnley: A Pictorial History'', Phillimore, 1993 ISBN 0-85033-866-2 *Guy Rickards, 'Icarus Soaring: The Music of John Pickard' in ''Tempo'', n.s., 201 (July 1997), pp.2-5 *Kev Roberts, ''Northern Soul Top 500'', Goldmine Publications, 2000 ISBN 0-9539-2910-8 ==Further reading== *Walter Bennett, ''The History of Burnley'', 4 vols., Burnley Corporation, 1946-1951 *Ken Bolton & Roger Frost, ''Burnley'', Francis Frith, 2006 ISBN 1-84589-131-7 *Mike Townend, ''Burnley'', Tempus Publishing, 2004 ISBN 0-7524-1566-2 *Mike Townend, ''Burnley Revisited'', Tempus Publishing, 2006 ISBN 0-7524-3996-0 ==External links== {{Wikisource1911Enc|Burnley}} {{Commonscat|Burnley}} ====General information==== *[http://www.burnley.gov.uk Burnley Borough Council] Official council site *[http://www.visitburnley.com/ Visit Burnley] Official tourism site ====Maps and photographs==== *[http://www.lancscc.gov.uk/environment/oldmap/towns/burnley/burnley.htm Burnley in 1890 | Old Ordnance Survey Maps] *[http://www.lancscc.gov.uk/environment/oldmap/1910/BURNLEY.gif Burnley in 1910 | Old Ordnance Survey Maps] *[http://www.lancscc.gov.uk/environment/oldmap/1950s/burnley.gif Burnley in 1953-55 | Old Ordnance Survey Maps] *[http://www.burnleylife.com/burnleypics.html Burnley in 2007 | Photographs of Burnley town centre and surrounding area] *[http://towpathtreks.co.uk/LLC/burnley.html Burnley in 2007 | Photographs of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in Burnley] {{Lancashire}} [[Category:Burnley]] [[Category:Towns in Lancashire]] [[Category:Market towns in England]] [[bg:Бърнли]] [[de:Burnley]] [[fr:Burnley]] [[id:Burnley]] [[he:ברנלי]] [[nl:Burnley]] [[no:Burnley]] [[pl:Burnley]] [[ro:Burnley]] [[sv:Burnley]] [[vo:Burnley]]