Burra, South Australia 1528298 225393716 2008-07-13T13:12:45Z Rjwilmsi 203434 no 'of' between a month and a year per [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29#Longer_periods|MOS]] using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] {{for|one of the communities of the same name in [[New South Wales]]|Burra, New South Wales}} {{Infobox Australian Place | type = town | name = Burra | state = sa | image = Burra location map in South Australia.PNG | caption = Location of Burra in South Australia | lga = Regional Council of Goyder | postcode = 5417 | pop = 978 <ref>{{Census 2006 AUS|id=SSC43246 | name = Burra (State Suburb) |quick=on | accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref> | est = 1845 | elevation= | maxtemp = | mintemp = | rainfall = | stategov = Electoral district of Stuart | fedgov = Division of Grey | dist1 = 156 | dir1 = north | location1= Adelaide | dist2 = 121 | dir2 = south-east | location2= [[Port Pirie, South Australia|Port Pirie]] | dist3 = 121 | dir3 = north-west | location3= [[Renmark, South Australia|Renmark]] }} '''Burra''' {{coor title dm|33|40|S|138|56|E|region:AU-SA}} is a pastoral centre and historic tourist town in the mid-north of [[South Australia]]. It lies east of the [[Clare Valley]] in the Bald Hills range, part of the northern [[Mount Lofty Ranges]], and on the Burra [[stream|creek]]. The town began as a single company mining township that, by 1851, was a set of townships (company, private and government-owned) collectively known as “The Burra”.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 1</ref> The Burra mines supplied 89% of South Australia's and 5% of the world’s [[copper]] for 15 years,<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 339</ref> and the settlement has been credited (along with the mines at [[Kapunda, South Australia|Kapunda]]) with saving the economy of the struggling new colony of South Australia. The Burra Burra [[copper mine]] was established in 1848 mining the copper deposit discovered in 1845. Miners and townspeople migrated to Burra primarily from [[Cornwall]], [[Wales]], [[Scotland]] and [[Germany]]. The mine first closed in 1877, briefly opened again early in the 20th century and for a last time from 1970-81. When the mine was exhausted and closed the population shrunk dramatically and the townships, for the next 100 years, supported pastoral and agricultural activities. Today the town continues as a centre for its surrounding farming communities and, being one of the best-preserved towns of the [[Victorian era]] in Australia, as a historic tourist centre.<ref>Auhl, I 1980, p. 11</ref> == Geology and geography == Burra is located within the [[Hundred (division)|hundred]] of Kooringa a few kilometres inside [[Goyder's Line]], near Burra, Baldina and Gum [[stream|creeks]]. The main body of copper ore formed between two [[geological fault]]s in broken [[dolomite]] rocks. The ore body was up to <span style="white-space:nowrap">70&nbsp;metres&nbsp;(230&nbsp;ft)</span> wide and mainly consisted of green [[malachite]] and blue [[azurite]] [[Vein (geology)|veins]] and [[Nodule (geology)|nodules]] amongst the host rock. The malachite and azurite were formed from [[copper sulphate]] minerals, by a process known as "secondary enrichment". This process took millions of years to convert the low grade copper sulphate ore, which was probably created 300 to 400 [[mya (unit)|millions of years ago]] during the last period of [[Volcano|vulcanism]] near Burra.<ref>Drew, G.J. 1991, p. 8</ref> == Naming == The name applied to what is now the town of Burra has changed over time. The Burra Burra copper mine was named after the Burra Burra [[stream|creek]] that flows through the town. From at least 1851 the collection of townships near the mine became referred to as "The Burra".<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 101</ref> The town of Burra was officially formed in 1940 by a notice in the South Australian Government Gazette with the consolidation of the mostly culturally-based townships of Redruth, Aberdeen, New Aberdeen, Hampton, Copperhouse, Kooringa, Llwchwr and Lostwithiel. The name Burra Burra has been asserted to have come from numerous sources. Most favoured is that it comes from the [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] for ‘great great’, used by [[India]]ns working for early pastoralist James Stein to refer to creek. The name could also have come from Stein’s home country of [[Scotland]] or a number of [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] languages.<ref name="burrahistorygroup">{{cite web |url=http://www.burrahistory.info |title=The History of Burra |publisher=Burra History Group |accessdate=2007-04-11}}</ref> == Early History == ===Original inhabitants=== The original inhabitants of the Burra area were the [[Ngadjuri]] [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] people whose first western contact was in 1839. [[Pastoralist]]s grazed much of the Ngadjuri land from the 1840s and, although there was conflict, Ngadjuri people worked as [[shepherd]]s and [[wool]] scourers, particularly once the area was emptied during the [[gold rush]]es of the 1850s. Their population was seriously depleted by introduced [[Indigenous Australians#Impact of European settlement|European diseases]] and they were reported to be [[extinct]] by 1878.<ref name=burrahistorygroup /> Traces remain with [[rock art]] and [[burial]] sites in the area and some people able to claim Ngadjuri [[ancestry]]. === Discovery of copper === On [[9 June]] [[1845]] William Streair bore samples of a rich [[Copper extraction|copper ore]] into the office of [[Henry Ayers]],secretary of the South Australian Mining Association (SAMA). Streair, a young [[shepherd]] in the employ of local pastoralist James Stein, had walked the 90 [[mile]]s from Burra <ref>Auhl, I 1986, pp. 23-24</ref> as did Thomas Pickett, a shepherd on a neighbouring property who made a further find. News of the copper this heralded was published on 21 June in Adelaide newspapers, and the site was soon named ''The Monster Mine''.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, pp. 32-33</ref> [[George Edward Grey|Governor George Grey]] had amended land grant regulations forcing the hundred of Kooringa to be a {{convert|20000|acre|km2|0}} rectangle, placing the two copper finds at opposite ends.<ref>''Burra Record'', 19 September 1934</ref> Due to the £20,000 (sterling) price of the land it was divided in two, with each half sold to a different group and the division decided by lot. The surveyed area was named the Burra Creek Special Survey. It is {{convert|8|mi|km|0}} by {{convert|4|mi|km|1}}, divided into two squares, 4&nbsp;miles to a side.<ref>Drew, G.J. 1991, p. 4</ref> A group of wealthy [[capitalism|capitalist]]s (known as "the nobs") purchased the southern half of the division and a group of [[shopkeeper]]s, [[merchant]]s and SAMA (collectively known as "the snobs") the northern half.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 34</ref> The Burra Burra mine was established by the snobs in their northern selection, the Princess Royal mine by the nobs in their southern. In 1846, {{convert|347|acre|ha|0}} just north of the division was sold to the Scottish Australian Investment Company for £5,550 where they established the Bon Accord mine. Mining began on 29 September 1845 with the first [[gunpowder]] charge set off on the monster Burra Burra copper [[lode]] and by mid 1846 the Bon Accord Mining company had also commenced operations.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 75</ref> == Mining == ; Burra Burra or monster mine [[Image:Burra mine works.JPG|thumb|Burra Burra open cut mine pit. Original working buildings in the background]] [[Image:082 Burra chimneys.jpg|thumb|Chimneys at the old Burra mine workings]] Until 1860 the mine was the largest metals mine in Australia.<ref name="drewp3" /> From 1845 to 1877 the mine produced approximately 50,000 tonnes of copper. The mine was reopened as a modern open cut in 1971, operating for a decade with 24,000 tonnes of copper extracted.<ref>Drew, G.J., p. 7</ref> The mine's Adelaide operation was run by [[Henry Ayers]], [[secretary]] of SAMA, from its opening until the 1890s.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 187</ref> The [[investor]]s had put up a total of £12,320 of which £10,000 was spent purchasing the land. The first [[dividend]] was paid on 24 June 1847 and by 1 December 1847 the mine had returned total dividends of £49,280. Over the mine's 32-year life, less than 100 shareholders received £826,586 in mining dividends.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 89</ref> All mining dividends stopped after the mine closed in 1877, with the mine area sold in 1902 and the last property of SAMA in Kooringa sold in 1914. A final dividend was paid on 5 May 1916 and SAMA was [[Liquidation|wound up]] and closed.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 143</ref> Most of the copper was for sale to [[India]] as it was taking over a third of world copper supply in the mid 19th century.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 165</ref> Due to the lack of [[smelting]] in South Australia, copper ore was initially shipped to [[Cornwall]]. The company purchased a Cornish [[beam engine]] which was the first in Australia when erected in 1848. Due to the uneconomic state of the mine, in 1868 a decision made to [[open cut]] the mine.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, pp. 196-211</ref> Mining ceased underground, having reached a depth of <span style="white-space:nowrap">183&nbsp;metres&nbsp;(600&nbsp;ft)</span> and open-cut operations starting in 1870 although, over the remaining life of the mine, small underground operations extracted more ore than the expensive open cut.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 87</ref> Over the life of the mine, Henry Ayers jealously preserved shareholder [[profit]]s by ruthlessly controlling [[wage]]s and [[expense]]s. In October 1846 this caused the first [[Strike action|strike]], of [[masonry|masons]] and [[bricklayer]]s, with the company refusing to pay more than 8 [[shilling]]s per day. With declining copper prices (from £91 per [[ton]] in 1845 to £87 in 1848) the company continually sought to reduce wages. By 1848 the wages reached their lowest level, which precipitated the Burra miners [[Strike action|strike]], being the first industrial strike in South Australia and earliest workers strike of any consequence in Australia. The strike came and went numerous times, with miners not completely returning to work until January 1849.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, pp. 90-98</ref> By April 1848 the mine was employing 567 people and supporting a population of 1,500 in the township of Kooringa.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 80</ref> Employment at the mine peaked at 1,208 in 1859 and declined continuously until the mines closure in 1877. In November 1877 most of the remaining disposable equipment and stores were sold off and mining by SAMA ceased.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 89</ref> ; Bon Accord mine The Bon Accord Mining company was formed on behalf of [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[Speculation|speculator]]s, in the expectation that the Burra [[lode]] would extend under the properties boundary. No extension was found and, to recoup money, the townships of Aberdeen (1849) and New Aberdeen (1872) were formed on company land. Stoppage of pumping at the Burra Burra mine in 1877 caused a rise in the water level in the neighbouring Bon accord mine forcing it to also close.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 432</ref> Mining activity lasted from 1846 until 1849, was restarted in 1858 and finally ceased four years later with no orebody having been discovered. Many of the mine buildings remain and are preserved by the [[National Trust of Australia|Australian National Trust]] as a museum.<ref>Drew, G.J., p. 19</ref> ; Princess Royal mine The Princess Royal mine was never successful, and in June 1859 the Princess Royal Mining Company closed its doors.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 341</ref> == Pastoral activity == Shepherding had been common around Burra with flocks [[grazing]] from 1843, as early pastoral pioneers were granted grazing rights on unsurveyed land.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 405</ref> Over the life of the Burra mine, most food was brought in as there was no [[Fee simple|freehold]] offered by SAMA on the land and no adjoining [[Hundred (division)|hundreds]] were declared until 1860. [[Agriculture]] was delayed by the slow surveying of hundreds, as until these had been done there was no freehold or leasehold land but only grazing rights. As Burra lies almost on [[Goyder's Line|Goyder’s 1865 line]] it is rated at the edge of marginal land for farming. After mining the town became a pastoral centre, and [[South Australia]]’s main sheep trading centre until the mid 20th century.<ref name=burrahistorygroup /> == Development of the town == During a visit in October 1845 to Burra by [[Henry Ayers]] and the [[board of directors|directors]] of SAMA the site of the township of Kooringa was chosen. [[George Strickland Kingston]] surveyed and laid out the township, completing it in April 1846, and named many of the streets after directors of SAMA. From the beginning the township was a [[company town]], built at low cost and with insufficient housing, which forced many miners to dig makeshift homes.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, pp. 71-79</ref> In the [[census]] of 1851 over a third of the population were living along the creek and the census compiler took time to note: <blockquote>''There are no houses, the dwellings being excavated in the banks of the Burra creek.''<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 122</ref></blockquote> [[Image:Burra dugouts - exterior.JPG|thumb|left|Dugouts along the creek, used by a third of the population in 1851]] Largely due to the company nature of the settlement, development was slow, with the first [[bank]] not opening until 1859 and the first town newspaper being printed in 1876. Until the [[National Australia Bank|National Bank]] established the first branch in Kooringa, most exchange was either in the form of company [[scrip]] or at shops operating as [[Foreign exchange market|money exchange]]s.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 90</ref>All towns, except Kooringa, were built outside the mining lease but were still close to the mine as it was at the northern edge of the lease. The formation of the townships was forced by the refusal of SAMA to grant any freeholds within Kooringa, so miners began moving into other townships from the end of 1849. During their early lives each of the townships largely had their own [[hotel]]s, [[church]]es, [[post office]]s, [[school]]s, and shops and identity.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 245</ref> In 1851 the [[gold rush]] near [[Bathurst, New South Wales|Bathurst]], [[New South Wales]], emptied the town of many miners. <ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 133</ref> Whole families, [[government]] officials and other townspeople left for the gold fields and by 1854 the town appeared largely deserted.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 232</ref> The number of townships increased dramatically as a result of an 1858 proposal to extend a [[railway]] line from [[Gawler, South Australia|Gawler]]. When the railway failed to be built most of the new townships failed and, in 1876, the remaining townships formed the Corporation of Burra.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, pp. 117-121</ref> In September 1846 the townships had their first [[police]] presence with the movement of four [[constable]]s from Julia Creek to the south into temporary accommodation provided by SAMA.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 252</ref> Permanent lockup cells and stables were completed in Redruth mid 1847. In September that year, William Lang was appointed resident magistrate and coroner for the Murray district and initially housed in a company cottage in Kooringa. The first hotel was a temporary wooden structure erected at the entrance to the township of Kooringa in mid 1846, and the first permanent hotel was the Burra Hotel (opened 25 September 1847) built by William Paxton, a SAMA director and original owner of [[Ayers House]]. The Burra Hotel became the town’s first [[public hospital]] in 1878 and was demolished in 1968.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 214</ref>. Burra’s first parliamentary representative was [[George Strickland Kingston|George Strickland “Paddy” Kingston]] who was elected in 1851 to the first [[South Australian Legislative Council|legislative council]] as member for Burra and [[Clare, South Australia|Clare]], and for the same area to the [[South Australian House of Assembly|house of assembly]] in its first parliament of 1857.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 114</ref> [[Water supply|Piped water]] was supplied from 1884 from the flooded and abandoned Bon Accord mine with water reaching 100 houses by 1885. This was the primary source for Burra until 1966 when it was replaced with water piped from the [[Murray River]]. <ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 433</ref> The Burra received its first supply of [[electricity]] on 27 March 1924 from the newly-formed Burra electric supply company.<ref>''The Burra Electric Supply Co Ltd: Opening Invitation'', in Auhl, I 1980</ref> Burra's population has declined from a peak of 5,000 in 1851 to a present figure of approximately 1,000. The dramatic decrease at the end of mining inhibited expansion and helped preserve many of the original buildings and houses.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 116</ref> The District Council of Burra was proclaimed in 1872, the Town Corporation in 1876 and in 1969 the District Council and Town Corporation were amalgamated.<ref name="drewp3" /> === Townships === ; Redruth [[Image:Redruth Gaol front.JPG‎|thumb|right|Redruth Gaol, used in the film [[Breaker Morant (film)|Breaker Morant]]]] Redruth was a government township formed in 1850 to break SAMA's monopoly. It is named after [[Redruth]] in [[Cornwall]] and its streets are named after Cornish [[Mining in Cornwall|mining towns]]. The township was the site of all original government buildings ([[courthouse]], [[gaol]] and [[police station]]). The courthouse was erected in 1857,<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 257</ref> and the gaol, built in 1856, was the first country gaol in South Australia. From 1897 to 1922 the gaol was used as a girls' [[reformatory]].<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 250</ref> SAMA delayed building in Redruth when they bought 77 of the 120 lots on offer at the initial land [[auction]], paying almost 20 times the overall reserve price.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 120</ref> ; Kooringa Kooringa was the first company township in Australia <ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 116</ref> and, until the closure of the mine, was maintained as a strictly company-run town. The township's name is derived from the [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] word ''kuri-ngga'' meaning either ''in the circle'' or ''locality of the sheoak''<ref name=burrahistorygroup />. During the life of the Burra Burra mine, the township was widely reported as shabby, rundown and poorly maintained with the inhabitants having little incentive to maintain their [[Housing tenure|rented]] properties. Kooringa is still the main section of the town and is known as Burra South. ; Llychwr Llychwr, sometimes spelled ''Llwchyr'',<ref name=burrahistorygroup /> was built by the ''Patent Copper Company'' (later the ''English and Australian Copper Company'') to avoid the need to ship all of the ore to [[Wales]]. The streets are named after street names in Llychwr, Wales and other nearby villages. In May 1848, the company had imported from [[Swansea]] the entire of a smelting works comprising men, materials, tools, staff and families,<ref>Auhl, I 1986, pp. 163-168</ref> and smelting was reported to be in operation by May 1849. ; Aberdeen and New Aberdeen In 1846 a group of speculators from Scotland formed the ''Bon Accord Mining Company'', purchasing a section of land on the northern boundary of the special survey, hoping that the ore body extended under the boundary. Due to the lack of success in mining company land near the mine was [[Subdivision (land)|subdivided]] in 1849 forming Aberdeen (named after [[Aberdeen]] in [[Scotland]]), with the company seeking to recoup some of their [[investment]].<ref name="Drewp10">Drew, G.J. 1991, p. 10</ref> Streets were named to honour directors of the Bon Accord Mining company and the retention of [[mineral rights]] by the company prevented SAMA from acquiring the land, as they had in Redruth.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 112</ref> New Aberdeen was subdivided after 1872 arrival of the [[railway]] from [[Kapunda, South Australia|Kapunda]], and most of the early buildings in the two townships were constructed in the three years following.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 121</ref> ; Other townships The townships of Copperhouse, Hampton and Nelson were not included in the 1940 proclamation forming the town of Burra, as they had become [[ghost town]]s. Other townships that either never succeeded or had been abandoned by 1940 were Princesstown, Lostwithiel, Westbury, Roachtown, Yarwood, Millertown, Warrapoota and Clonmel.<ref>Auhl, I 1986, p. 101</ref> == Burra Today == Burra today is an important regional centre for surrounding farming communities and a historic tourist destination.<ref>Auhl, I 1980, p. 11</ref> From its 1994 declaration as a State Heritage Town, tourism has grown to an estimate of 41,000 visitors in 2000.<ref>Cegielski et al (2001), pp. 28, 39</ref> While many visitors are [[day-tripper]]s and are from [[Adelaide]], over 40% of the visitors come from outside South Australia and over 50% stay overnight.<ref>Cegielski et al (2001), pp. 31-32</ref> The town and mine are both well preserved with many original buildings, the water filled [[open-pit mine|open cut mine]], well-preserved mining buildings and a pump engine house which today houses a museum. Several chimneys from the mining industry have survived and a tourist trail showcases the old [[Redruth Gaol]], miners’ [[Dugout (shelter)|dugout]] cottages in the creek bank, a row of miner's cottages built in 1850, the cellars of the demolished [[Unicorn Brewery]] and other historic places. Burra is listed on the Register of the National Estate and many buildings are on the List of State Heritage Items. The town is publicly claimed to be the "Merino capital of the world".<ref name="drewp3">Drew, G.J. 1991, p.3</ref> == Timeline == {| class="wikitable" !Year!!Town, people and local area!!Mining |- |1843||Surveyor General [[E.C. Frome]] sketches a shepherd’s hut on the Burra Burra Creek |- |1845 || Townsite chosen and first streets laid out in Kooringa|| Discovery of copper and commencement of [[Shaft mining|mining operations]] at the Burra Burra mine |- |1846||First cottages built and a police contingent arrives||Mining begins at the Bon Accord mine |- |1847||Kooringa [[Methodism|Wesleyan]] [[chapel]] built as the first church |- |1848 || ||The miners' strike was the first strike in South Australia and the first industrial strike of significance in Australia |- |1849 ||Redruth and Aberdeen land auctions held||Patent Copper Co. begins smelting copper ore |- |1850||First public town meeting to discuss the proposed South Australian [[Government of South Australia|constitution]] |- |1851||Burra’s reported population of 5,000 made it the 7th largest town in [[Australia]] and the largest inland settlement <ref>Blainey, G. 1980, p. 119</ref> |- |1856||Redruth Gaol completed |- |1858|| ||The Burra Burra mine covers 15 [[acre]]s with {{convert|8|mi|km}} of tunnels and galleries. |- |1859||Telegraph, post office and National Australia bank open. Floods wipe out most of the miners' dugouts along the creek ||Princess Royal mining company closes |- |1867||Act No. 20 passed authorising construction of railway to Burra||Underground mining ceases |- |1869|| Freehold land for sale on Kooringa||Burra Burra mine workforce reduced to 46 |- |1870|| First train and rabbit plague arrive at Burra||Open cut operations begin |- |1872|| Burra district council formed. Township of New Aberdeen laid out |- |1876||Burra News and Northern Mail first printed. Proclamation of the Corporation of the Town of Burra |- |1877|| Inaugural agricultural show. Burra hospital opened || Burra Burra mine closes |- |1890|| Discovery of [[diprotodon]] skeletons at Baldina creek |- |1897 || ||Unsuccessful attempt to form a company to reopen mining |- |1899|| ||Burra slag extraction company begins operations on [[slag]]heaps |- |1901||''White Sunday'' – Burra’s greatest snowstorm |- |1902||Motor vehicles appear for sale in Burra |- |1916|| ||Burra mine area (262 acres) sold for £6,000 |- |1921|| ||Morphett’s engine house demolished for use as building stone |- |1922||[[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime minister]] [[Billy Hughes]] unveils the Burra and District ''Fallen Soldier’s memorial'' |- |1925||Burra Electricity Supply Co switches on |- |1930|| ||[[Gold]] discovered at nearby Mongolata |- |1932||Sir [[Charles Kingsford Smith]] lands in [[Southern Cross (aircraft)|Southern Cross]] and takes townspeople for joyrides |- |1934|| ||183-[[ounce]] [[gold nugget]] (Pexton’s nugget) found at Mongolata |- |1938||The Council merges into the ''District council of Burra Burra'' |- |1951||First [[South Australian Housing Trust|housing trust]] homes built |- |1957||[[Television]] first displayed in the [[City hall|town hall]] |- ||1961|| ||Burra Burra mine area opened as a tourist resort |- |1967||Driest year on record with {{convert|6.50|in|mm}} of rain |- |1970||World record price for a [[Merino]] Ram of $27,200 from the Collinsville Stud |- |1971|| ||Samin Ltd begins production of copper concentrates |- |1972||Resited Cornish chimney opened by [[Governors of South Australia|Governor]] Sir [[Mark Oliphant]]||$3 Million plans for expansion announced by Samin Ltd |- |1979||The [[Burra Charter]] was adopted by [[Australia ICOMOS]] in Burra |- |1980||The film ''[[Breaker Morant (film)|Breaker Morant]]'' was filmed in the area with the Market Square featuring due to its preserved Victorian buildings |- |1974||Wettest year on record with {{convert|35.06|in|mm}} of rain |- |1981|| || Work ceases at the mine. |- |1983|| ||Final attempt to reopen the mine |- |1988||Burra proclaimed Merino capital of the world |- |1993||Burra proclaimed a state heritage area |- |1997||District council amalgamated into the District council of Goyder |- |2000|| || Princess Royal mine area sold to CR and SP Pty Ltd |} == Notes == {{reflist|2}} == References == <div class="references-small"> * {{cite book| last=Auhl|first=Ian| year= 1980|title= ''Burra and District – A Pictorial Memoir''|Place=Hawthorndene, South Australia |publisher= Investigator Press|isbn= 0-85864-048-1}} * {{cite book| last=Auhl|first=Ian (editor) | year= 1980|title= ''Burra Burra – Reminiscences of the Burra Mine and Its Townships''| location=Hawthorndene, South Australia |publisher= Investigator Press| isbn= 0-85864-069-4}} * {{cite book| last=Auhl|first=Ian| year= 1986|title= ''The Story of The ‘Monster Mine’, The Burra Burra Mine and its Townships 1845-1877''|location=Burra, South Australia |publisher= District Council of Burra Burra}} * {{cite book| title=''A Land Half Won'' |year=1980| last=Blainey| first=Geoffrey }} * {{cite book|title=The economic value of tourism to places of cultural significance, A case study of three towns with mining heritage|last=Cegielski |first=Michele |coauthors=Janexzko Ben, Mules Trevor, Wells Jeosette |year=2001 |publisher=Australian Heritage Commission |location=Canberra, Australia |isbn=0642547467}} * {{cite book |title=''Discovering historic Burra, South Australia'' |last= Drew |first =G.J. |publisher = Burra Tourist Association |isbn =0-7243-4393-8 |year=1991}} </div> == External links == * [http://www.southaustralianhistory.com.au/burra.htm South Australian History - Burra] {{coor title dm|33|40|S|138|56|E|region:AU-SA_type:city}} [[Category:Mining towns in South Australia]] [[Category:Towns in South Australia]] [[nl:Burra]]