Busoga 2022644 211505351 2008-05-10T18:37:34Z Iridescent 937705 Cleanup & [[WP:AWB/T|typo fixing]] , typos fixed: attemps → attempts using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] :''This article is about the Busoga kingdom and region. For the language, see ‎‎[[Lusoga]], and for the people, see [[Basoga]].'' '''Busoga''' is currently one of ‎the largest traditional kingdoms in present-day [[Uganda]]. It is a [[cultural institution]] that promotes popular participation ‎and unity among the people of Busoga, through cultural and developmental programs ‎for the improved livelihood of the people of Busoga. It strives for a united people of ‎Busoga, who enjoy economic, social and cultural prosperity. It also continues to ‎enhance, revamp and pave the way for an efficient institutional and management ‎system for the [[Kyabazinga]] kingship. [[Image:Busoga (map).png|thumb|right|A map of Busoga Kingdom and some of its ‎districts]][[Image:Flag of Busoga, Uganda.svg|thumb|right|The Busoga Flag]] ‎ Busoga, literally translated to ''Land of the Soga'', is the [[monarchy|kingdom]] of the 11 ‎‎[[principalities]] of the [[Basoga]]/[[Soga]] (singular '''Musoga''') people. The term Busoga also loosely ‎refers to the area that is generally indigenous to the [[Basoga]]. The kingdom's capital ‎is located in [[Bugembe]], which is near [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], the second largest ‎city in Uganda. As of June 2007, Busoga Kingdom is currently composed of seven ‎politically organised districts that include; [[Kamuli]], [[Iganga]], [[Bugiri]], ‎‎[[Mayuge]] and [[Jinja]], and the newly created districts of [[Kaliro]] and [[Busiki]]. ‎Each district is headed by democratically elected chairpersons or [[Local Council ‎Five]] [[(L.C.5s)]], while municipalities are headed by an elected [[mayor]]. [[Jinja]] ‎is the industrial/[[economical hub]] of Busoga. The Busoga area is bounded on the ‎north by the swampy [[Lake Kyoga]] which separates it from [[Lango]], on the west ‎by the [[Victoria Nile]] which separates it from [[Buganda]], on the south by [[Lake ‎Victoria]] which separates it from [[Tanzania]] and [[Kenya]], and on the east by the ‎‎[[Mpologoma (Lion) River]], which separates it from various smaller [[tribal groups]] ‎‎([[Padhola]], [[Bugwere]], [[Bugisu]], etc). Busoga also includes some [[islands]] in ‎‎[[Lake Victoria]], such as [[Buvuma Island]].‎ == Meet the Kyabazinga == ‎{{main|Kyabazinga of Busoga|Inhebantu of Busoga}}‎ ‎<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Alice muloki (nee ‎Kintu).jpg|thumb||left|299px|The late Inhebantu (Queen) of Busoga: Alice (nee Kintu) ‎Muloki (1929 - 2005) – an old girl of Buckley High School.]] -->‎ ‎'''Title of Head of Busoga :''' His Royal Highness [[Isebantu Kyabazinga]]<br ‎‎/>'''Short Title :''' The [[Kyabazinga of Busoga]]‎ Busoga is ruled by the [[Isebantu Kyabazinga]] of Busoga. This name was a symbol ‎of unity derived from the expression and recognition by the [[Basoga]] that their ‎leader was the “father of all people who brings all of them together”, and who also ‎serves as their cultural leader. The current [[Kyabazinga of Busoga]] is [[His Royal ‎Highness]] [[Henry Wako Muloki]], who was born in 1921.‎ ‎{{main|Henry Wako Muloki}}‎ In 1995, the government restored [[monarchies]] in Uganda with the promulgation of ‎the new constitution of the [[Republic of Uganda]]; Article 246(1). On February 11, ‎‎1995, [[His Royal Highness]] [[Henry Wako Muloki]] was reinstated as [[Kyabazinga ‎Isebantu of Busoga]]. He continues to serve to-date. ‎ == History of Busoga == === Discovery of Busoga by explorers === ‎{{main|Uganda before 1900|Colonial Uganda}}‎ Written history begins for Busoga in the year 1862. On the 28th July 1862, [[John ‎Hanning Speke]], an explorer for the [[Royal Geographical Society]], arrived at ‎‎[[Ripon Falls]], near the site of the modern town of [[Jinja]], where the [[Victoria ‎Nile]] spills out of [[Lake Victoria]] and begins its descent to Egypt. Since Speke’s ‎route inland from the [[East African coast]] had taken him around the southern end of ‎the [[lake Victoria]], he approached Busoga from the west through Buganda. Having ‎reached his goal – the [[source of the Nile]], he turned northward and followed the ‎river downstream without further exploring Busoga. He records, however, being told ‎that “[[Usoga]]” ''(the [[KiSwahili]] form of the name ‘Busoga’)'' was an “island”, ‎which indicates that the term meant to surrounding peoples essentially what it means ‎today. The present day Busoga [[monarchy|Kingdom]] was, and still is, bounded on the north ‎by the swampy [[Lake Kyoga]], on the west by the [[Victoria Nile]], on the south by ‎‎[[Lake Victoria]], and on the east by the [[Mpologoma (Lion) River]]. ‎ === Early demographics === ‎{{main|Uganda before 1900|Colonial Uganda}}‎ In the 19th Century, one of the principle routes along which Europeans travelled from ‎the coast to [[Buganda]] passed through the Southern part of Busoga. From [[John ‎Speke]] and [[James Grant]], Sir [[Gerald Portal]], [[F.D Lugard]], [[J.R. ‎Macdonald]], and [[Bishop Tucket]] all noted that Busoga was plentifully supplied ‎with food and was densely settled as a result. However, between 1898 - 99 and 1900-‎‎01, the first indications of [[sleeping sickeness]] were reported.‎ ‎ ‎ In 1906, orders were issued to evacuate the region. Despite the attempts to clear the ‎area, the [[epidemic]] continued in force until 1910. As a result, most of the densely ‎populated parts of Busoga, the home land of over 200,000 persons in the 19th ‎Century, was totally cleared of the population in the ten years. [[Lubas palace]] at ‎Bukaleba, also the coveted [[European fruit mission]], collapsed and relocated to ‎other parts of Busoga. Southern Busoga constituted of about one third of the land ‎area of Busoga, and, in 1910, southern Busoga was vacant. In the 1920s and 1930s, ‎some of the evacuees who survived the [[epidemic]] began to return to their original ‎land. However, in 1940 a new outbreak of [[sleeping sickness]] resurfaced in the ‎area, and it was only in 1956 that resettlement, promoted by the government began ‎again, but things were not going to be the same again. Few [[Basoga]] returned to ‎their traditional lands.‎ The consequences of the catastrophe were that the Southern part of Busoga, the area ‎roughly corresponding to what [[Johnston]] delimited as the most densely populated ‎area, was virtually uninhabited. Other areas originally affected by [[sleeping ‎sickness]], including the eastern margins of [[Bukooli]] and [[Busiki]] conties were ‎evidently depopulated too. Famines, too, resulted in substantial population ‎movements. Several areas in north east Busoga and in the adjacent [[Bukandi]] ‎district across the [[Mpologoma river]] were repeatedly struck by famines in 1898 to ‎‎1900, 1907, 1908 - 1917 - 1918 and 1944. Populations in these areas reduced, many ‎people, falling victims to the famines while the survivors moved to other areas for ‎safety.‎ The effects of these movements were apparent from the growth in population density ‎in the central area of Busoga and in [[Urban area|urban]] and [[peri-urban]] areas of ‎Busoga. Many Basoga left Busoga in the same period, settling in other districts. The ‎demographic profile of Busoga today is, as a consequence of all these developments. ‎Today, Busoga is home to many people, of about 6 different origins.‎ === ‎Early economic status === ‎{{main|Early independent Uganda|Uganda under Amin}}‎ In the [[pre-colonial era]], people left their traditional lands and state structures ‎disappeared. A number of [[clans]] and states decimated and people migrated into ‎Busoga in large numbers in this century, carrying with them the [[traditions]] and ‎‎[[cultures]] of other lands. The most important causes of these movements were ‎mainly famines and epidemics, which occurred within and the surrounding areas. ‎ Busoga experienced massive movement of people right from the early period that led ‎to its construction as a nation. Several factors contributed to the trend of events. ‎They included mainly factors ranging from famine and security. Today, these factors ‎continue to affect and define the population mobility in the [[monarchy|kingdom]], in addition to ‎the quest for [[employment]] and [[social amenities]]. The changes in the ‎‎[[demographical]] trends have continued to witness a [[population influx]] in [[Urban ‎area|urban]] and [[peri-urban]] areas of Busoga kingdom for the above reasons. ‎‎[[Town]]s like [[Jinja]], [[Iganga]], [[Kamuli]], [[Kaliro]], and their surrounding areas ‎are some of the areas that continue to face high levels of [[immigration]]. Immigrants ‎join town life in search for [[Employment|jobs]] and security. ‎ Between the period 1920 and 70s, [[Jinja]], Busoga’s [[capital city]], experienced ‎economic changes and gained in economic importance. During this period, it ‎transformed into an [[industrial town]] with the steady high [[cotton]] production, as ‎well as the completion of the [[Uganda Railway]] and [[Owen Falls dam]]. These ‎factors elevated [[Jinja]] into an agri-industrial centre with over 46 factories, ‎several [[cottage industries]] and a well-developed infrastructure. These ‎developments attracted people in the form of labour from the rural areas of Busoga to ‎work in those factories, help in house keeping or in doing other urban development ‎related activities. Externally, many people also came from the neighbouring areas ‎outside Busoga. Among the new comers were families of [[Asian origin]] who came ‎to do business. Estates like [[Mpumudde]] and [[Walukuba]] were developed to ‎accommodate the increasing population. Other services like piped water, electricity, ‎roads, hospitals and schools were also extended to serve the population. In the ‎villages, the majority of people, with the assured market in towns, concentrated on ‎agriculture. They grew both cash and food crops like cotton, coffee, bananas, ‎potatoes and cassava, fruits and vegetables. [[Standards of living]] drastically ‎improved and Busoga kingdom raised its revenue and constructed more ‎infrastructures. It reduced the [[subsistence farming]] system of life and turned to real ‎economic production that was in demand by Europeans. ‎ By independence in 1962, Busoga was one of the most powerful regions in ‎‎[[Uganda]]. Its power lay in the regional capital, [[Jinja]] which is Uganda’s second ‎largest city. [[Jinja]] was the home to 70% of Uganda’s industries and also hosted the ‎‎[[Nalubaale Power Station]] (Owen Falls Dam) that supplies electricity to [[Uganda]] ‎and parts of [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]]. [[Jinja]] was also the home of the majority ‎of [[Uganda’s Asian population]]. The [[Ugandan Asians]], who had been brought to ‎Uganda from the [[Indian sub-continent]] by the [[British India|British]] during ‎‎[[colonial times]], had helped to establish [[Jinja]] as one of East Africa’s most ‎vibrant commercial centres. ‎ === Early political status === ‎{{main|Uganda before 1900}}‎ About the turn of the 16th Century, an important event took place, which was to give ‎the Basoga their peculiar cultural configuration. This was the advent of the ‎‎[[Baisengobi]] [[clan]]; the light skinned people, who bear their historical ‎descendancy from [[Bunyoro]]. [[Prince Mukama]] Namutukula from the royal ‎family ([[Babiito]]) of [[Bunyoro]] is said to have left [[Bunyoro]] around the 16th ‎Century and as part of Bunyoro’s expansionist policy and trekked eastwards across ‎‎[[Lake Kyoga]] with his wife [[Nawudo]], a handful of servants, arms and a dog, and ‎landed at [[Iyingo]], located at the northern point of Busoga in the present day ‎‎[[Kamuli district]].‎ ‎[[Prince Mukama]] loved hunting and his adventures exposed him to the beauties of ‎the new found land. For sometime he engaged himself in [[black smithing]], making ‎hoes, iron utensils and spears. Prince Mukama and wife [[Nawudo]] bore several ‎children of whom only five boys survived. On his departure back to [[Bunyoro]], ‎‎[[Prince Mukama]] allocated them areas within his influence as overseers. In this ‎way, the first-born [[Wakoli]] was given to oversee the area called [[Bukooli]], ‎‎[[Zibondo]] was to administer [[Bulamogi]], [[Ngobi]] was given [[Kigulu]], ‎‎[[Tabingwa]] was to oversee [[Luuka]], while the youngest son [[Kitimbo]] was to ‎settle in [[Bugabula]]. These loosely allotted areas of supervision to the Prince’s sons ‎were later to become major administrative and centers cultural authority in Busoga. ‎With time passing without the expected return of their father, the five sons of [[Prince ‎Mukama]] regarded themselves as the legitimate rulers over their respective areas by ‎virtue of their family origin ([[Babiito]]). They continued to preside over their ‎respective dominions; employing governing methods and cultural rituals like those ‎from [[Bunyoro-Kitara]]. This state of affairs in Busoga's political and cultural ‎arrangement continued till the late 19th century when the [[colonialists]] persuaded ‎the rulers of Busoga into some form of federation. This federation resulted into a ‎regional Busoga council called Busoga [[Lukiiko]].‎ Before 1906, although it was often called a ‘Kingdom’, it was debatable whether ‎Busoga could really be classified as such. Unlike its western neighbor, [[Buganda]], ‎Busoga did not have a central ‘all-powerful’ figurehead ([[Monarch|King]] or ‎‎[[Queen regnant|Queen]]) until 1906, at the behest of the [[British colonial powers]]. Prior to this, ‎the Basoga were organized in semi-autonomous [[chiefdoms]], partly under the ‎influence of [[Bunyoro]] initially, and then later on, under the partial influence of ‎‎[[Buganda]].‎ ‎{{main|Colonial Uganda}}‎ Before the coming of the British to Uganda, there was no uniting leadership in ‎Busoga. When Uganda became a [[British protectorate]], attempts were made to ‎create a central form of administration on the model of [[Buganda]] which was a fully ‎fledged [[monarchy|Kingdom]]. The [[Buganda King]] – the [[Kabaka]] had [[lineage]] going ‎back centuries. However, in Busoga some of the [[chiefs]] had been simply appointed ‎by the [[Kabaka]] – and it is believed that in some cases they were descendants of ‎favored [[Baganda]] chiefs who were given authority to rule over land in Busoga. ‎Others simply belonged to powerful landowning families in Busoga that had become ‎self-appointed rulers over vast areas. The British brought all these chiefs into an ‎administrative structure called the [[Lukiiko]]. The British appointed a [[Muganda]] ‎from [[Buganda]], [[Semei Kakungulu of Buganda/Busoga|Semei Kakungulu]] as the ‎President of the [[Lukiiko]] and he became Busoga’s first leader, although the British ‎refused to give him the title of 'King', as they did not regard him as a real king.‎ However wrangles amongst the different chiefs and clans continued, and most Basoga ‎still retained affiliation to their chief, [[clan]] or [[dialect]]. It was also not helpful ‎that the '[[Monarch|King]]' was from [[Buganda]]. The [[Lukiiko]] structure ‎collapsed. The structure had however given the Basoga a taste of what influence they ‎could muster in the [[protectorate]] if they had a King. It would elevate them to the ‎level of [[Bunyoro]] and [[Buganda]].‎ Meanwhile, the white colonial rulers were grooming Chief [[Yosia Nadiope]], the ‎‎[[Gabula]] of [[Bugabula]] to become the first permanent resident ruler of the formed ‎‎[[Busoga federation]]. [[Nadiope]] had been one of the first [[Basoga]] students to ‎study at [[Kings College Budo]] in 1906. However, catastrophe struck Busoga in ‎‎1913, when [[Nadiope]] died of [[malaria]]. The following year 1914, Chief ‎‎[[Ezekeriel Tenywa Wako]], the [[Zibondo]] of [[Bulamogi]] was completing his ‎studies at [[Kings College Budo]]. With the support of the [[British India|British]] ‎coupled with his background as a [[Prince]], [[Zibondo]] of [[Bulamogi]], with his ‎good educational background, was a suitable candidate for the top post. In 1919, the ‎hereditary [[saza]] chiefs of Busoga resolved in the [[Lukiiko]] to elect [[Ezekerial ‎Tenywa Wako]] as president of Busoga. Chief [[Gideon Obodha]] of [[Kigulu]], a ‎contending candidate for the post was not familiar with the [[British system]], while ‎‎[[William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula]] of Bugabula was still an infant. His ‎regent [[Mwami Mutekanga]] was a 'mukoopi' (a commoner) who couldn’t run for the ‎post. Eventually, in 1918-9, the title of [[Isebantu Kyabazinga]] was created and one ‎of the chiefs, [[Wako]] took the throne. He was given a salary of 550 [[pound ‎‎(currency)|pounds]], and permitted to collect [[taxes]] in [[Butembe county]] in lieu of ‎the lost role in his traditional chiefdom of [[Bulamogi]]. In 1925, [[Ezekiel Tenywa ‎Wako]], the [[Kyabazinga of Busoga]] became a member of [[Uganda Kings ‎Council]], consisting of the [[Kyabazinga of Busoga]], [[Kabaka of Buganda]], the ‎‎[[Omukama of Bunyoro]], [[Omukama of Toro]]/[[Omukama of Tooro]] and ‎‎[[Omugabe of Ankole]].‎ On 11 February 1939 Owekitibwa Ezekerial Tenywa Wako (late father of the current ‎‎[[Isebantu Kyabazinga wa Busoga]], HRH [[Henry Waako Muloki]]), the [[Zibondo]] ‎of Bulamogi was installed as the first [[Isebantu Kyabazinga wa Busoga]] which title ‎he continued to hold until 1949 when he retired due to old age. By the time ‎‎[[Owekitibwa E.T. Waako]] retired as the [[Isebantu Kyabazinga wa Busoga]], the ‎‎[[Busoga Lukiiko]] had expanded to include people other than the [[Hereditary ‎Rulers]]. These members of the Busoga Lukiiko were elected representatives – two ‎from each of the then 55 Sub-counties in Busoga.‎ When [[Owekitibwa E.T.Waako]] retired, it was necessary to replace him. The ‎Busoga Lukiiko resolved then that the [[Isebantu Kyabazinga wa Busoga]] shall ‎always be elected among the five lineages of [[Baise Ngobi]] ([[Ababiito]]) hereditary ‎rulers – traditionally believed to have been the five sons of [[Omukama of Bunyoro]] ‎who immigrated to Busoga from Bunyoro, namely:‎ ‎[[Zibondo]] of [[Bulamogi]]‎ ‎[[Gabula]] of [[Bugabula]] ‎ ‎[[Ngobi]] of [[Kigulu]]‎ ‎[[Tabingwa]] of [[Luuka]]‎ ‎[[Nkono]] of [[Bukono]]‎ This method of election was used for the subsequent elections of the [[Isebantu ‎Kyabazinga wa Busoga]], beginning 1949 when Owekitibwa Chief [[William ‎Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula]] of Bugabula was elected [[Isebantu Kyabazinga ‎wa Busoga]] for two terms of three years each, followed by Owekitibwa [[Henry ‎Waako Muloki]] who also served two terms.‎ In 1957, the title [[Inhebantu]] was introduced as a description of the wife of the ‎‎[[Isebantu]]. This epitomised the gradual unification of Busoga and the evolution of ‎‎[[Obwa Kyabazinga bwa Busoga]].‎ When [[monarchies]] were abolished in 1966, the [[Kyabazinga]] was dethroned. ‎When the dictator [[Idi Amin]] expelled the [[Asians from Uganda]] in 1972, [[Jinja]] ‎suffered both socially and economically. The government of [[Yoweri Museveni]] has ‎tried to encourage Ugandan Asians to return. This has helped but has not revitalized ‎‎[[Jinja]] to its former glory. However the [[Asian influence]] remains, particularly in ‎the [[architecture]] and street names.‎ ‎{{main|Uganda since 1979}}‎ In 1995, the government restored [[monarchies]] in Uganda with the promulgation of ‎the new constitution of the Republic of [[Uganda]]; Article 246(1). On February 11, ‎‎1995, H.R.H [[Henry Wako Muloki]] was reinstated as [[Kyabazinga Isebantu of ‎Busoga]], according to [[Kisoga]] traditions and culture. He continues to serve to-‎date. Unlike most monarchies, the [[Kyabazinga]] has no [[heir]] or Crown Prince. ‎Instead, the [[Kyabazinga]] is succeeded by a reigning [[Tribal chief|chief]] elected by the ‎‎[[Lukiiko]] and the Royal Council.‎ === ‎Past Kyabazingas === ‎[[Obwa Kyabazinga bwa Busoga]] has evolved over years and each [[Kyabazinga]] ‎that has presided over Busoga has added a piece to the process. To date, there have ‎been three past [[Kyabazingas]] who have presided over Busoga since 1939 as an ‎established federated state of Busoga.‎ These have been:- '''Chief''' '''[[Ezekiel Tenywa Wako]]''', who was the first ‎‎[[Kyabazinga of Busoga]] and ascended to the throne in 1939: [[Yosia Nadiope]], and ‎‎[[Sir William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula]].‎ Sir [[William Wilberforce Kadhumbula]] succeeded his late father’s ([[Yosia ‎Nadiope]]) quick sense of judgement and love for the people. He ridded the kingdom ‎of insecurity; eliminating bad elements in society in the famous operation named ‎‎'[[Emizindula]],' ''(war against theft),'' ended the [[British policy]] on the fight against ‎‎[[small pox]] ''[[(Kawumpuli)]]'', during which residents were ordered to carry rat tails ‎to Busoga square for counting as evidence that they had really killed the diseases ‎agents (rats). This, he saw as a dehumanising act and joined his subjects to denounce ‎the policy, which brought him in conflict with the British administration. As a result ‎he was exiled to [[Bunyoro]] where he was called to lead the [[Basoga]] into the ‎‎[[Second World War]].‎ His war skills and mobilisation ability earned him [[Elizabeth II of the United ‎Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth]]'s admiration and love. He was honoured with the title Sir ‎among other awards. ‎ He also played a big role in [[Uganda's independence struggle]] and before the end of ‎his career, he had served as the first Vice President of the independent Uganda. He ‎was also the Chairman of [[Uganda People’s Congress]] political Party [[(UPC)]].‎ He mobilised for the construction of infrastructures like roads, hospitals, government ‎centres like county and sub-county headquarters and most of all mobilising the ‎‎[[Basoga]] to productive farming of both food and crops.‎ During his tenure of office doubling as the Vice President, [[Kyabazinga]] and [[UPC ‎Chairman]], he managed to push for several development projects in Busoga that ‎include construction of schools like the [[Balangira High School]], which later ‎became [[Busoga College Mwiri]]. ‎ === ‎Current political setup === ‎[[Busoga Kingdom Royal Council]] is composed of the 11 traditional leaders of the ‎‎11 traditional chiefdoms of Busoga. They include the five [[princes]] and heads of the ‎five [[royal families]] of Busoga and the six [[chiefs]] of the traditional [[chiefdoms]]. ‎They are; ‎ {| border="1" |+ '''Busoga Kingdom Royal Council''' ! !! Title !! Ssaza (principality or chiefdom) !! Head |- ! | '''Zibondo''' || '''Bulamogi''' || '''Prince G. W Napeera''' |- ! | '''Gabula''' || '''Bugabula''' || '''Prince William Nadiope''' |- ! | '''Ngobi''' || '''Kigulu''' || '''Prince Izimba Golologolo''' |- ! | '''Tabingwa''' || '''Luuka''' || '''Prince W. Tabingwa Nabwana''' |- ! | '''Nkono''' || '''Bukono''' || '''Prince C. J. Mutyaba Nkono''' |- ! | Wakooli || Bukooli || Chief David Muluuya Kawunye |- ! | Ntembe || Butembe || Chief Badru Waguma |- ! | Menya || Bugweri || Chief Kakaire Fred Menya |- ! | Kisiki || Busiki || Chief Yekosofato Kawanguzi |- ! | Luba || Bunya || Chief Juma Munulo |- ! | Nanyumba || Bunyole || Chief John Ntale Nahnumba |- ! |} The [[Katukiro]] ([[Prime Minister]]) of Busoga Kingdom is Rt. Hon. [[Martin ‎Musumba]]. The office of the [[Katukiro]] in the Kingdom is an important and a vital ‎one. The [[Katukiro]] is the head of the Kigdom's Government and official ‎spokesperson for the [[Kyabazinga]] and the Kingdom.‎ Busoga Kingdom is administered in the following ''(This information is outdated & ‎needs to be updated...)'': ‎ ‎'''[[Kamuli District]]''' - (4 Counties, 23 Sub Counties & 134 Parishes) - 2 Kings ‎‎(Bugabula & Bulamogi)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎'''[[Iganga District]]''' - (4 Counties, 25/26 Sub Counties, unknown number of ‎Parishes) - 3 Kings (Kigulu, Luuka & Busiki)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎'''[[Mayuge District]]''' - (1 County, 6 Sub-Counties, unknown number of parishes) - 1 ‎King (Bunya)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎'''[[Jinja District]]''' - (3 Counties, 11 Sub-Counties, 50 Parishes)‎ ‎'''[[Bugiri District]]''' - (1 County, 12 to19) Sub-Counties, unknown Parishes) - ‎Possibly 2 Kings (Bukooli And Banda)‎ == ‎Some attractions and historical sites == ‎ === Kagulu Hill === ‎ ‎{{main|Kagulu Hill}}‎ The was the first settlement area for Basoga of [[Bunyoro]] origin led by [[Prince ‎Mukama]]. Although the cultural value of [[Kagulu]] extends to cover a wide area, ‎the remaining and visible landmark is the [[Kagulu hill]]. The hill sits in between two ‎roads that divide at the foothill to lead to [[Gwaya]] and [[Iyingo]].‎ The hill, although not yet familiar to many people outside Busoga, [[Kagulu hill]] has ‎a breathtaking scenery that gives a clear view of almost the entire Busoga. [[Kagulu ‎hill]] is unique in the attractions it offers. It is the only hill in [[Uganda]] that has been ‎adapted for [[tourist climbing]], with constructed steps to make it easy for visitors to ‎access the top.‎ ‎ === ‎Budhumbula shrine/palace === ‎{{main|Budhumbula shrine/palace}}‎ Located 2km from [[Kamuli]] town along the [[Kamuli-Jinja]] main road, the site ‎comprises a shrine and the residence of the former [[Kyabazinga of Busoga]], [[Sir ‎William Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope]], who died in 1976. The shrine, covered ‎by beautiful marbles consist of graves of other various members of the royal family, ‎such his father and mother, [[Yosia Nadiope]] and [[Nasikombi]] respectively.‎ The other graves found within the shrine are of his son, a former [[Uganda]] ‎government Minister, Prince Professor [[Wilson Nadiope]] who died in 1991 and his ‎mother [[Yuliya Babirye Nadiope]] who died in 2004. The palace’s main residence is ‎a legacy of the British colonial government, having been donated by the protectorate ‎government in 1914.‎ === ‎The source of the Nile === ‎{{main|Source of the Nile}}‎ The [[source of the Nile]], the second longest river in the world, marked by the ‎discovery of one of the first European explorers, [[John Speke]], is an internationally ‎unique attraction. The tranquility and splendour of both [[Lake Victoria]] and [[River ‎Nile]] embody great memories of any visitor.‎ === ‎Bujjagali Falls === ‎{{main|Bujagali falls}}‎ ‎<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Bujagali ‎falls.jpg|thumb|left|299px|Bujjagali Falls is a world renown attraction]] -->‎ This among others, such as the [[Bujjagali ancestral site]] for the Basoga ancestral ‎spirits at [[Bujagali falls]], includes the numerous rapids along the Nile, virgin nature ‎across the region, and the culture of the people and the great Lake Victoria by no ‎doubt gives Busoga Kingdom its distinct place in tourism.‎ === Lake Victoria === ‎{{main|Lake Victoria}}‎ Southern Busoga is lined with the waters of [[Lake Victoria]]. The coastline stats ‎from [[Jinja]] and goes eastwards, to the border with [[Kenya]].‎ == References == * Fallers, Margaret Chave (1960) ''The Eastern Lacustrine Bantu ([[Ganda]] and ‎‎[[Soga]])''. Ethnographic survey of Africa: East central Africa, Vol 11. London: ‎‎[[International African Institute]].‎ * Cohen, David William (1970). ''A survey of interlacustrine chronology''. ''The ‎Journal of African History'', 1970, 11, 2, 177-202.‎ * Cohen, David William (1986). ''Towards a reconstructed past : Historical texts from ‎Busoga, Uganda''. (Fontes historiae africanae). [[Oxford Univesity|Oxford]]: Oxford ‎University Press.‎ * Fallers, Lloyd A (1965) ''Bantu Bureaucracy - A Century of Political evolution ‎among the Basoga of Uganda''. [[Phoenix Books]], The [[University of Chicago]]. ‎ == ‎See also == * [[Basoga]] - Basoga ethnic group‎ * [[Lusoga]] - Lusoga Language‎ * [[:Category:Ethnic groups in Uganda|Ethnic groups in Uganda]]‎ * [[:Category:Ugandan monarchies|Ugandan monarchies]] ‎ == ‎External links == * [http://www.busoga.com/ Busoga Kingdom Online] A summary of the Busoga ‎Kingdom by the Busoga Kingdom Online - Official website of Busoga‎ * [http://mindphiles.com/CRC/index.htm The Cultural Research Centre - Busoga] A ‎resource for literature relating to Basoga === ‎News websites === * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/I/8/17 New Vision Online - Local East] - News, ‎mainly from the Busoga region === Some educational and research institutions === * [http://www.busogauniversity.ac.ug/ Busoga University] - Home page for [[Busoga ‎University]], formely [[Busoga College Mwiri]]‎ * [http://www.buckley.sc.ug/ Buckley High School] - Home page for [[Buckley High ‎School]]‎ * [http://www.kiiracollegebutiki.org/ Kiira College Butiki] - Home page for [[Kiira ‎College Butiki]]‎ * [http://www.mwiri.sc.ug/ Busoga College Mwiri] - Home page for [[Busoga ‎College Mwiri]]‎ * [http://mwiriopenday.4t.com/ Busoga College Mwiri] - ''Not official site''‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ [[Category:Sub-regions of Uganda]] [[Category:Ugandan monarchies]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Uganda]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Africa]] [[ca:Busoga]] [[cs:Busoga]] [[es:Busoga]] [[nl:Busoga]] [[pl:Busoga]]