CD1 2223452 192615672 2008-02-19T19:11:52Z Boghog2 2428506 added links to [[CD1A]], [[CD1D]], and [[CD1E]] in protein box {{protein | Name = [[CD1A|CD1a molecule]] | caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 1634 | Symbol = [[CD1A]] | AltSymbols = CD1 | EntrezGene = 909 | OMIM = 188370 | RefSeq = NM_001763 | UniProt = P06126 | PDB = | ECnumber = | Chromosome = 1 | Arm = q | Band = 22 | LocusSupplementaryData = -q23 }} {{protein | Name = CD1b molecule | caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 1635 | Symbol = CD1B | AltSymbols = CD1 | EntrezGene = 910 | OMIM = 188360 | RefSeq = NM_001764 | UniProt = P29016 | PDB = | ECnumber = | Chromosome = 1 | Arm = q | Band = 22 | LocusSupplementaryData = -q23 }} {{protein | Name = CD1c molecule | caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 1636 | Symbol = CD1C | AltSymbols = CD1 | EntrezGene = 911 | OMIM = 188340 | RefSeq = NM_001765 | UniProt = P29017 | PDB = | ECnumber = | Chromosome = 1 | Arm = q | Band = 22 | LocusSupplementaryData = -q23 }} {{protein | Name = [[CD1D|CD1d molecule]] | caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 1637 | Symbol = [[CD1D]] | AltSymbols = | EntrezGene = 912 | OMIM = 188410 | RefSeq = NM_001766 | UniProt = P15813 | PDB = | ECnumber = | Chromosome = 1 | Arm = q | Band = 22 | LocusSupplementaryData = -q23 }} {{protein | Name = [[CD1E|CD1e molecule]] | caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 1638 | Symbol = [[CD1E]] | AltSymbols = | EntrezGene = 913 | OMIM = 188411 | RefSeq = NM_030893 | UniProt = P15812 | PDB = | ECnumber = | Chromosome = 1 | Arm = q | Band = 22 | LocusSupplementaryData = -q23 }} '''CD1''' ([[cluster of differentiation]] 1) is a family of [[glycoproteins]] expressed on the surface of various human [[antigen-presenting cells]]. They are related to the [[class I MHC]] molecules, and are involved in the presentation of [[lipid]] antigens to [[T cells]]. However their precise function is unknown.<ref name="pmid2477705">{{cite journal | author = Porcelli S, Brenner MB, Greenstein JL, Balk SP, Terhorst C, Bleicher PA | title = Recognition of cluster of differentiation 1 antigens by human CD4-CD8-cytolytic T lymphocytes | journal = Nature | volume = 341 | issue = 6241 | pages = 447–50 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2477705 | doi = 10.1038/341447a0 | issn = }}</ref> ==Types== CD1 glycoproteins can be classified primarily into two groups which differ in their lipid anchoring.<ref name="pmid17593656">{{cite journal | author = Zajonc DM, Wilson IA | title = Architecture of CD1 proteins | journal = Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. | volume = 314 | issue = | pages = 27–50 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17593656 | doi = | issn = }}</ref> '''CD1a''', '''CD1b''' and '''CD1c''' ([[group 1 CD1]] molecules) are expressed on cells specialized for antigen presentation.<ref name="pmid15777730">{{cite journal | author = Sköld M, Behar SM | title = The role of group 1 and group 2 CD1-restricted T cells in microbial immunity | journal = Microbes Infect. | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 544–51 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15777730 | doi = 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.012 | issn = }}</ref> '''[[CD1d receptor|CD1d]]''' (group 2 CD1) is expressed in a wider variety of cells. '''CD1e''' is an intermediate form, expressed intracellularly, the role of which is currently unclear.<ref name="pmid10948205">{{cite journal | author = Angenieux C, Salamero J, Fricker D, Cazenave JP, Goud B, Hanau D, de La Salle H | title = Characterization of CD1e, a third type of CD1 molecule expressed in dendritic cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 48 | pages = 37757–64 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10948205 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M007082200 | issn = }}</ref> ==In humans== ===Group 1=== [[Group 1 CD1]] molecules have been shown to present foreign lipid antigens, and specifically a number of mycobacterial cell wall components, to CD1-specific T cells. ===Group 2=== The natural antigens of group 2 CD1 are not well-characterized, but a synthetic glycolipid, alpha-galactosylceramide, originally isolated from a compound found in a marine sponge, has strong biologic activity. Group 2 CD1 molecules activate a group of T cells, known as [[Natural killer T cell]]s because of their expression of NK surface markers such as [[CD161]]. Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are activated by CD1d-presented antigens, and rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines, typically represented by interferon-gamma and IL-4 production. The group 2 (CD1d) ligand alpha-galactosylceramide is currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of advanced non-hematologic cancers. ==In cows and mice== [[Mice]] lack the group 1 CD1 molecules, and instead have 2 copies of [[CD1d receptor|CD1d]]. Thus, mice have been used extensively to characterize the role of CD1d and CD1d-dependent [[NKT cell]]s in a variety of disease models. It has recently been shown that [[cows]] lack the group 2 CD1 molecules, and have an expanded set of group 1 CD1 molecules.<ref name="pmid16585584">{{cite journal | author = Van Rhijn I, Koets AP, Im JS, Piebes D, Reddington F, Besra GS, Porcelli SA, van Eden W, Rutten VP | title = The bovine CD1 family contains group 1 CD1 proteins, but no functional CD1d | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 176 | issue = 8 | pages = 4888–93 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16585584 | doi = | issn = }}</ref> Because of this and the fact that cows are a natural host of [[Mycobacterium bovis]], a pathogen in humans as well, it is hoped that studying cows will yield insights into the group 1 CD1 antigen-presenting system. ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== * {{MeshName|CD1+Antigen}} {{Clusters of differentiation}} [[Category:Clusters of differentiation]] [[it:CD1]] [[es:CD1]]