Camphoric acid
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{{Chembox new
| Name = Camphoric acid
| ImageFile = Camphoric_acid.PNG
<!-- | ImageSize = 200px -->
| ImageName = Camphoric acid
| IUPACName = (1R,3S)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| SMILES = O=C(O)[C@]1(C)CC[C@H](C(O)=O)C1(C)C
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub>O<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 200.23 g/mol
| Density = 1.21 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = 183-187 °C
| BoilingPt =
}}
}}
'''Camphoric acid''', '''[[carbon|C]]<sub>10</sub>[[hydrogen|H]]<sub>16</sub>[[oxygen|O]]<sub>4</sub>''' or in [[Latin language|Latin]] form '''Acidum camphoricum''', is a white crystallisable substance obtained from the [[oxidation]] of [[camphor]], it exists in three optically different forms; dextrorotatory one is obtained by the oxidation of dextrorotatory camphor and used in [[pharmaceuticals]].
==History==
Acidum camphoricum was studied and isolated for the first time by [[France|French]] [[pharmacist]] [[Louis Nicolas Vauquelin|Nicolas Vauquelin]] in the early 1800s but it wasn't until September of 1874 that [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[chemist]] [[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff|Jacobus H. van 't Hoff]] proposed the first suggestion for its molecular structure and optical properties. In 1904 [[Finland|Finnish]] chemist [[Gustav Komppa]] became the first to succeed in manufacturing [[camphor]] from this acid.
==Chemical properties and isolation==
Camphoric acid may be prepared by oxidising camphor with [[nitric acid]].
==Pharmaceutical uses==
This acid has a mild camphor action; it is not very toxic and can be used in very large doses, up to 4 [[gram]]mes (60 [[grain (mass)|grain]]s), without serious effects; it is supposed to paralyse the nerve-endings in the [[sweat glands]], and is used in the night-sweats of [[phthisis]].
It does not affect other [[secretions]] as does [[atropine]], nor irritate the [[stomach]] like [[agaric acid]]. Camphoric acid is also employed in [[solution]], 0.2 to 5.0 percent by weight or volume, with sufficient [[alcohol]], as a local [[antiseptic]] to the [[nose]], [[throat]], and [[Urinary bladder|bladder]], among other uses, is usually administered as a powder, or in [[cachets]], but may also be given in mixtures suspended with compound powder of [[tragacanth]], or dissolved by the addition of diluted alcohol or a flavouring [[tincture]]. When used as an [[antihydrotic]] the dose should be given two or three hours before bedtime.
==References==
{{Citationstyle|date=September 2007}}
<references/>
*{{cite web|title=Acidum camphoricum|work=The British Pharmaceutical Codex|url=http://www.henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/bpc1911/acidum-camp.html|accessmonthday=September 4 |accessyear=2005}}
*{{cite web|title=Camphoric acid|work=Science and Technology|url=http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/cgi-bin/res.pl?keyword=Camphoric+Acid&offset=0|accessmonthday=September 4 |accessyear=2005}}
*{{cite web|title=Camphoric acid|work=Taiwan Tekho Camphor Co|url=http://www.camphor.com.tw/t-list.htm|accessmonthday=September 4 |accessyear=2005}}
*{{cite journal|author=Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff|year=1874|title=A suggestion looking to the extension into space of the structural formulas at present used in chemistry. And a note upon the relation between the optical activity and the chemical constitution of organic compounds|journal=Archives neerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles|volume=9|pages=445–454}}
[[Category:Dicarboxylic acids]]
[[Category:Antiseptics]]