Canon FD lens mount
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</blockquote>[[Image:Canon T90 img 1331.jpg|thumb|Lens mount of the [[Canon T90]]]]
The '''Canon FD''' [[lens mount]] is a physical standard for connecting a [[photographic lens]] to a [[single-lens reflex]] [[camera]] body. The standard was developed by [[Canon (company)|Canon]] of [[Japan]] and was introduced in March 1971 with the [[Canon F-1]] camera. It was the primary Canon SLR lens mounting system until 1987 when the cameras from the [[Canon EOS]] series were first produced. The last camera in the FD system was the Canon T60, from 1990. The FD mount replaced Canon's earlier [[Canon FL|FL mount]]; FD-mount cameras could use FL lenses in stop-down metering mode. There is no known meaning for 'FD', and Canon has never disclosed what, if anything, it stands for.
Although the Canon FD system enjoyed huge popularity in the 1970s and 1980s, the mount system is now obsolete, and Canon FD cameras and lenses are available for low prices on the second-hand market. This makes the system very attractive to 35mm film photographers who demand the highest optical quality,<ref>http://www.imx.nl/photo/optics_2/reflections_on_current_opti.html Puts, E: Reflections on current optical designs</ref> <ref>http://www.imx.nl/photo/canon/canon_fd_lens_reports_50_an.html Puts, E: Canon FD lens reports 50 and 55mm</ref> but who do not need autofocus capability.
==Background==
[[Image:Canon FD lens rear.jpg|thumb|Canon New FD lens rear.]]
The FD [[lens mount]] is a [[breech lock]] mount. The advantage of this type of mount is that the contact surfaces between the body and lens do not rotate against each other when the lens is mounted. This prevents any abrasion, which could conceivably reduce the very precise lens-to-film distance. The disadvantages include slower lens changes; later FD ('New FD') lenses mounted more like [[bayonet-mount]] lenses in that the photographer twisted the lens body to mount and unmount, even though the actual mount surfaces stayed fixed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canon.com/camera-museum/camera/lens/nfd/f_nfd.html |title=New FD Lenses |author=[[Canon Inc.]] |work=Canon Camera Museum}}</ref> Canon chose a bayonet-style mount for its new [[Canon EOS|EOS]] system's [[Canon EF|EF]] lenses.
Like its FL predecessor, the FD mount system allowed automatic aperture function, but in addition, a new indexing pin supported full-aperture metering. This enabled integral auto-exposure, beginning with the [[Canon EF camera|Canon EF]] in 1973, and later with the very popular Canon [[Canon AE-1|A-series]] cameras in 1976. The FD mount has no support for the lens-body communication, whether electrical or mechanical, required for [[autofocus]] (the AC FD lenses, [[#FD Autofocusing|described below]], are an exception), which was a primary reason for its retirement; Canon could have adapted its mount to support auto-focus, as did other manufacturers, but instead the company chose a clean break with the past and an electrical only interface.
[[Image:AE-1angled-crop.jpg|thumb|left|Canon FD, f/1.4, 50mm, on typical AE-1.]]
==Lens coatings==
The earliest breechlock Canon FD lenses (1971 - 1973) are recognizable by the polished metal surface on the front of the lens mount. In these 'chrome nose' lenses, Canon used two new proprietary lens coatings, designated "S.C" (Spectra Coating) and "[[S.S.C.]]" (Super Spectra Coating). These were both multicoatings, but indicated two quality grades. In the chrome nose series, only the large-aperture 50mm f/1.4 and the 55mm f/1.2 (regular and 'AL'-type) lenses used S.S.C. coating.
The second series of breechlock FD lenses (1973 - 1979) lenses is inscribed "S.C." or "S.S.C." in red on the front of the lens mount. S.S.C. coating was extended to most lenses in this series. The basic S.C. coating was, for the most part, limited to the more inexpensive consumer lenses.
In 1978, with the introduction of the 'New FD' or 'FDn' series, the coating type was no longer specified on the lens front. All these lenses received S.S.C coating (with the exception of the 50mm {{f/|1.8|link=yes}} lens). [[Image:CanonFDf1.8.jpg|thumb|Canon FD f/1.8, 50mm, with caps.]]
==Aspherical or 'L' lenses==
A separate (and expensive) range of FD lenses was available for photographers who required the highest optical and mechanical performance. These used a variety of special technologies, including aspherical surfaces, fluorite optics, and low-dispersion glass. The earlier versions of these lenses are designated "AL", "Aspherical", or "Fluorite" on the front of the lens mount. The post-1979 'New FD' versions are designated "L" (said to indicate 'luxury' or 'aspherica'''L''''). The "L" designation, and the famous red ring around the lens front, have continued in the current EOS autofocus lenses.
==FD Autofocusing==
FD lenses were nearly all manual-focus lenses. In the mid-1980s, Canon did, however, manufacture four unusual autofocus lenses for the FD mount standard.
The first, the [[Canon FD 35-70mm AF lens|FD 35-70mm {{f/}}4 AF]], contained a lens-integral autofocus system and was the world's first autofocus zoom lens. The autofocus system was triggered by a button on the side of the lens, and involved no communication with the camera body. It was reasonably accurate with still subjects, but was too slow to be a practical solution for moving subjects such as sports.<ref>http://www.canon.com/camera-museum/camera/lens/nfd/data/nfd_35~70_4_af.html Canon Camera Museum: New FD 35-70mm AF lens</ref>
Further development into autofocusing produced the AC derivative of the FD mount. Three AC lenses were manufactured, the [[AC 50mm f/1.8]], [[AC 35-70mm f/3.5-4.5]], and [[AC 75-200mm f/4.5]]. All were released in April 1985 alongside the [[Canon T80]] camera, which was the only camera ever manufactured to take advantage of the AC lenses' AF capabilities. The lenses communicated with the T80 via electrical contacts and lacked an aperture ring, but were otherwise identical to the FD mount and could be used on those FD-mount cameras that could control the aperture, only without the AF capability. The AC lens-line proved to be a dead-end development, as Canon would abandon the capability in the two remaining FD-mount cameras it produced, the [[Canon T90|T90]] and [[Canon T60|T60]], and later introduce the [[EF lens mount]].<ref>http://www.canon.com/camera-museum/camera/lens/sp/m_ac.html Canon Camera Museum: AC lenses</ref>
==Using FD lenses on other mounts==
The [[flange focal distance]] of the FD mount is smaller than most other [[lens mount]]s, meaning that it is impossible to mount an FD lens onto most other cameras with an adapter and maintain the same focusing distance. Canon made an adapter containing corrective optics allowing its larger, more expensive FD telephoto lenses to be used on EOS bodies. This adapter functioned as a mild [[tele-converter]], and could not be used on normal and wide-angle lenses. Canon produced this adapter to ease the initial cost of conversion for those with expensive collections of long FD telephoto lenses. Due to the limited number manufactured, these adapters remain sought-after, with used models selling for $1000 (the orignal "new" price was $250!). A few companies have started making EOS-FD adapters, however the image quality (especially at high aperture) is greatly reduced.<ref>http://www.bobatkins.com/photography/reviews/canon_fd_eos_adapters.html Puts, E: Canon FD to EOS lens adapters</ref> Mechanically skilled photographers have, however, reported successfully retrofitting FD lenses with alternative mounts.<ref>http://www.ganymeta.org/~darren/photo_f1.2_conversion.php Puts, E: Canon 55mm f1.2 FD -> EOS Conversion</ref>
==List of Canon-made FD-mount products==
===FD cameras===
* [[Canon F-1]] (1971)
* [[Canon FTb]] (1971)
* [[Canon FTb|Canon FTbn]] (1973)
* [[Canon EF camera|Canon EF]] (1973)
* [[Canon TLb]] (1974)
* [[Canon TX]] (1975)
* [[Canon F-1n]] (1976)
* [[Canon AE-1]] (1976)
* [[Canon AT-1]] (1977)
* [[Canon A-1]] (1978)
* [[Canon AV-1]] (1979)
* [[Canon New F-1]] (1981)
* [[Canon AE-1 Program]] (1981)
* [[Canon AL-1]] (1982)
* [[Canon T50]] (1983)
* [[Canon T70]] (1984)
* [[Canon T80]] (1985)
* [[Canon T90]] (1986)
* [[Canon T60]] (1990)
====Fish-eye====
* [[Canon New Fisheye FD 7.5mm f/5.6|Fisheye 7.5mm {{f/}}5.6]]
* [[Canon New Fisheye FD 15mm f/2.8|Fisheye 15mm {{f/}}/2.8]]
====Wide-angle====
* [[Canon New FD 14mm f/2.8L|14mm {{f/}}2.8L]]
* [[Canon New FD 17mm f/4|17mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon New FD 20mm f/2.8|20mm {{f/}}2.8]]
* [[Canon New FD 24mm f/1.4L|24mm {{f/}}1.4L]]
* [[Canon New FD 24mm f/2|24mm {{f/}}2]]
* [[Canon New FD 24mm f/2.8|24mm {{f/}}2.8]]
* [[Canon New FD 28mm f/2|28mm {{f/}}2]]
* [[Canon New FD 28mm f/2.8|28mm {{f/}}2.8]]
* [[Canon New FD 35mm f/2|35mm {{f/}}2]]
* [[Canon New FD 35mm f/2.8|35mm {{f/}}2.8]]
* [[Canon New FD TS 35mm f/2.8|TS 35mm {{f/}}2.8]] (Tilt/Shift lens)
====Normal====
* [[Canon New FD 50mm f/1.2L|50mm {{f/}}1.2L]]
* [[Canon New FD 50mm f/1.2|50mm {{f/}}1.2]]
* [[Canon New FD 50mm f/1.4|50mm {{f/}}1.4]]
* [[Canon New FD 50mm f/1.8|50mm {{f/}}1.8]] S.C. coating only
* [[Canon AC 50mm f/1.8|AC 50mm {{f/}}1.8]]
* [[Canon New Macro FD 50mm f/3.5|Macro 50mm {{f/}}3.5]]
====Telephoto====
* [[Canon New FD 85mm f/1.2L|85mm {{f/}}1.2L]]
* [[Canon New FD 85mm f/1.8|85mm {{f/}}1.8]]
* [[Canon New FD 85mm f/2.8 Soft Focus|85mm {{f/}}2.8 Soft Focus]]
* [[Canon New FD 100mm f/2|100mm {{f/}}2]]
* [[Canon New FD 100mm f/2.8|100mm {{f/}}2.8]]
* [[Canon New Macro FD 100mm f/4|Macro 100mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon New FD 135mm f/2|135mm {{f/}}2]]
* [[Canon New FD 135mm f/2.8|135mm {{f/}}2.8]]
* [[Canon New FD 135mm f/3.5|135mm {{f/}}3.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 200mm f/1.8L|200mm {{f/}}1.8L]]
* [[Canon New FD 200mm f/2.8|200mm {{f/}}2.8]]
* [[Canon New FD 200mm f/4|200mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon New Macro FD 200mm f/4|Macro 200mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon New FD 300mm f/2.8L|300mm {{f/}}2.8L]]
* [[Canon New FD 300mm f/4L|300mm {{f/}}4L]]
* [[Canon New FD 300mm f/4|300mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon New FD 300mm f/5.6|300mm {{f/}}5.6]]
* [[Canon New FD 400mm f/2.8L|400mm {{f/}}2.8L]]
* [[Canon New FD 400mm f/4.5|400mm {{f/}}4.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 500mm f/4.5L|500mm {{f/}}4.5L]]
* [[Canon New Reflex FD 500mm f/8|Reflex 500mm {{f/}}8]]
* [[Canon New FD 600mm f/4.5|600mm {{f/}}4.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 800mm f/5.6L|800mm {{f/}}5.6L]]
====Zoom====
* [[Canon New FD 20-35mm f/3.5L|20-35mm {{f/}}3.5L]]
* [[Canon New FD 24-35mm f/3.5L|24-35mm {{f/}}3.5L]]
* [[Canon New FD 28-50mm f/3.5|28-50mm {{f/}}3.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 28-55mm f/3.5-4.5|28-55mm {{f/}}3.5-4.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 28-85mm f/4|28-85mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon New FD 35-70mm f/2.8-3.5|35-70mm {{f/}}2.8-3.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 35-70mm f/3.5-4.5|35-70mm {{f/}}3.5-4.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 35-70mm f/4|35-70mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon New FD 35-70mm f/4 AF|35-70mm {{f/}}4 AF]]
* [[Canon AC 35-70mm f/3.5-4.5|AC 35-70mm {{f/}}3.5-4.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 35-105mm f/3.5-4.5|35-105mm {{f/}}3.5-4.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 35-105mm f/3.5|35-105mm {{f/}}3.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 50-135mm f/3.5|50-135mm {{f/}}3.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 50-300mm f/4.5L|50-300mm {{f/}}4.5L]]
* [[Canon New FD 70-150mm f/4.5|70-150mm {{f/}}4.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 70-210mm f/4|70-210mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon New FD 75-200mm f/4.5|75-200mm {{f/}}4.5]]
* [[Canon AC 75-200mm f/4.5|AC 75-200mm {{f/}}4.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 80-200mm f/4L|80-200mm {{f/}}4L]]
* [[Canon New FD 80-200mm f/4|80-200mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon New FD 85-300mm f/4.5|85-300mm {{f/}}4.5]]
* [[Canon New FD 100-200mm f/5.6|100-200mm {{f/}}5.6]]
* [[Canon New FD 100-300mm f/5.6L|100-300mm {{f/}}5.6L]]
* [[Canon New FD 100-300mm f/5.6|100-300mm {{f/}}5.6]]
* [[Canon New FD 150-600mm f/5.6L|150-600mm {{f/}}5.6L]]
===FD lenses===
The original generation of FD lenses featured a silver locking ring at the base. Only that locking ring turns to lock the lens to the camera body; the lens body remains still.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canon.com/camera-museum/camera/lens/fd/f_fd.html |title=FD lenses |author=[[Canon Inc.]] |work=Canon Camera Museum}}</ref>
====Fisheye====
* [[Canon Fisheye FD 7.5mm f/5.6|7.5mm {{f/}}5.6]]
* [[Canon Fisheye FD 7.5mm f/5.6 S.S.C.|7.5mm {{f/}}5.6 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon Fisheye FD 15mm f/2.8 S.S.C.|15mm {{f/}}2.8 S.S.C.]]
====Wide-angle====
* [[Canon FD 17mm f/4|17mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon FD 17mm f/4 S.S.C.|17mm {{f/}}4 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 20mm f/2.8 S.S.C.|20mm {{f/}}2.8 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 24mm f/1.4 S.S.C. Aspherical|24mm {{f/}}1.4 S.S.C. Aspherical]]
* [[Canon FD 24mm f/2.8|24mm {{f/}}2.8]]
* [[Canon FD 24mm f/2.8 S.S.C.|24mm {{f/}}2.8 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 28mm f/2 S.S.C.|28mm {{f/}}2 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 28mm f/2.8 S.C.|28mm {{f/}}2.8 S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 28mm f/3.5|28mm {{f/}}3.5]]
* [[Canon FD 28mm f/3.5 S.C.|28mm {{f/}}3.5 S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 35mm f/2 I|35mm {{f/}}2 I]]
* [[Canon FD 35mm f/2 II|35mm {{f/}}2 II]]
* [[Canon FD 35mm f/2 III|35mm {{f/}}2 III]]
* [[Canon FD 35mm f/2 S.S.C. I|35mm {{f/}}2 S.S.C. I]]
* [[Canon FD 35mm f/2 S.S.C. II|35mm {{f/}}2 S.S.C. II]]
* [[Canon FD TS 35mm f/2.8 S.S.C.|TS 35mm {{f/}}2.8 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 35mm f/3.5|35mm {{f/}}3.5]]
* [[Canon FD 35mm f/3.5 S.C. I|35mm {{f/}}3.5 S.C. I]]
* [[Canon FD 35mm f/3.5 S.C. II|35mm {{f/}}3.5 S.C. II]]
* [[Canon FD 35mm f/3.5 S.C. III|35mm {{f/}}3.5 S.C. III]]
====Normal====
* [[Canon FD 50mm f/1.4|50mm {{f/}}1.4]]
* [[Canon FD 50mm f/1.4 S.S.C. (I)|50mm {{f/}}1.4 S.S.C. (I)]]
* [[Canon FD 50mm f/1.4 S.S.C. (II)|50mm {{f/}}1.4 S.S.C. (II)]]
* [[Canon FD 50mm f/1.8 (I)|50mm {{f/}}1.8 (I)]]
* [[Canon FD 50mm f/1.8 (II)|50mm {{f/}}1.8 (II)]]
* [[Canon FD 50mm f/1.8 S.C. (I)|50mm {{f/}}1.8 S.C. (I)]]
* [[Canon FD 50mm f/1.8 S.C. (II)|50mm {{f/}}1.8 S.C. (II)]]
* [[Canon Macro FD 50mm f/3.5 S.S.C.|Macro 50mm {{f/}}3.5 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 55mm f/1.2|55mm {{f/}}1.2]]
* [[Canon FD 55mm f/1.2 AL|55mm {{f/}}1.2 AL]]
* [[Canon FD 55mm f/1.2 S.S.C.|55mm {{f/}}1.2 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 55mm f/1.2 S.S.C. AL|55mm {{f/}}1.2 S.S.C. AL]]
* [[Canon FD 55mm f/1.2 S.S.C. Aspherical|55mm {{f/}}1.2 S.S.C. Aspherical]]
====Telephoto====
* [[Canon FD 85mm f/1.2 S.S.C. Aspherical|85mm {{f/}}1.2 S.S.C. Aspherical]]
* [[Canon FD 85mm f/1.8 S.S.C.|85mm {{f/}}1.8 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 100mm f/2.8|100mm {{f/}}2.8]]
* [[Canon FD 100mm f/2.8 S.S.C.|100mm {{f/}}2.8 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon Macro FD 100mm f/4 S.C.|Macro 100mm {{f/}}4 S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 135mm f/2.5|135mm {{f/}}2.5]]
* [[Canon FD 135mm f/2.5 S.C.|135mm {{f/}}2.5 S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 135mm f/3.5|135mm {{f/}}3.5]]
* [[Canon FD 135mm f/3.5 S.C. (I)|135mm {{f/}}3.5 S.C. (I)]]
* [[Canon FD 135mm f/3.5 S.C. (II)|135mm {{f/}}3.5 S.C. (II)]]
* [[Canon FD 200mm f/2.8 S.S.C.|200mm {{f/}}2.8 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 200mm f/4|200mm {{f/}}4]]
* [[Canon FD 200mm f/4 S.S.C.|200mm {{f/}}4 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 300mm f/2.8 S.S.C. Fluorite|300mm {{f/}}2.8 S.S.C. Fluorite]]
* [[Canon FD 300mm f/4 S.S.C.|300mm {{f/}}4 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 300mm f/4L|300mm {{f/}}4L]]
* [[Canon FD 300mm f/5.6|300mm {{f/}}5.6]]
* [[Canon FD 300mm f/5.6 S.C.|300mm {{f/}}5.6 S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 300mm f/5.6 S.S.C.|300mm {{f/}}5.6 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 400mm f/4.5 S.S.C.|400mm {{f/}}4.5 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 500mm f/4.5L|500mm {{f/}}4.5L]]
* [[Canon Reflex FD 500mm f/8 S.S.C.|Reflex 500mm {{f/}}8 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 600mm f/4.5 S.S.C.|600mm {{f/}}4.5 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 800mm f/5.6 S.S.C.|800mm {{f/}}5.6 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 800mm f/5.6L|800mm {{f/}}5.6L]]
====Zoom====
* [[Canon FD 24-35mm f/3.5 S.S.C. Aspherical|24-35mm {{f/}}3.5 S.S.C. Aspherical]]
* [[Canon FD 28-50mm f/3.5 S.S.C.|28-50mm {{f/}}3.5 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 35-70mm f/2.8-3.5 S.S.C.|35-70mm {{f/}}2.8-3.5 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 80-200mm f/4 S.S.C.|80-200mm {{f/}}4 S.S.C.]]
* [[Canon FD 85-300mm f/4.5 S.S.C.|85-300mm {{f/}}4.5 S.S.C]]
* [[Canon FD 100-200mm f/5.6|100-200mm {{f/}}5.6]]
* [[Canon FD 100-200mm f/5.6 S.S.C.|100-200mm {{f/}}5.6 S.S.C.]]
==Macrophoto lenses==
These lenses could only be used attached to a macro bellows; since they can't mount to a camera directly, they are not properly FD lenses, but are listed here because they are part of the whole system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canon.com/camera-museum/camera/lens/sp/f_sp.html |title=Special Lenses |author=[[Canon Inc.]] |work=Canon Camera Museum}}</ref>
* [[Canon Macrophoto Lens 20mm f/2.8|Macrophoto Lens 20mm f/2.8]]
* [[Canon Macrophoto Lens 35mm f/2.8|Macrophoto Lens 35mm f/2.8]]
==References==
<references/>
==See also==
*[[Category:Canon FD lenses]]
*[[List of Canon products]]
==External links==
* [http://www.canonfd.com Canon FD Documentation Project - Manuals and much more].
* [http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/companies/canon/fdresources/SLRs/index.htm Extensive FD Reference Page] at [http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/ Photography in Malaysia].
* [http://canonfd.farah.cl/CanonFD_faql.html Canon FD FAQL].
* [http://www.ilktac.com/canonfd/ Canon FD Linklist, mount types and acronyms explained]
<!--{{start box}}
{{succession box |
title = Canon lens mounts |
years = March 1971 – 1987|
before = [[Canon FL|FL]]|
after = [[Canon EF lens mount|EF]]|
}}
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