Capitoline Museums
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[[Image:CampidoglioEng.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Michelangelo's design for Capitoline Hill, now home to the Capitoline Museums. Engraved by Étienne Dupérac, 1568.]]
The '''Capitoline Museums''' ([[Italian language|Italian]] '''Musei Capitolini''') are a group of art and [[archeology|archeological]] [[museum]]s in '''[[Capitoline Hill#Michelangelo|Piazza del Campidoglio]]''', on top of the famous [[Capitoline Hill]] in [[Rome]], [[Italy]]. The museums are contained in three [[palazzi]] surrounding a central [[trapezoid]]al [[piazza]] in a plan conceived by [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]] in 1536 and executed over a period of over 400 years. The history of the museums can be traced to 1471, when [[Pope Sixtus IV]] donated a collection of important ancient [[bronze sculpture|bronzes]] to the people of Rome and located them on Capitoline Hill. Since then, the museums' collection has grown to include a large number of [[ancient Rome|ancient Roman]] statues, inscriptions, and other artifacts; a collection of [[medieval art|medieval]] and [[Renaissance]] art; and collections of [[Gemstone|jewel]]s, [[coin]]s, and other items. The museums are owned and operated by the municipality of [[Rome]].
The [[Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius|statue of a mounted rider]] in the centre of the piazza is of [[Marcus Aurelius|Emperor Marcus Aurelius]]. It is a copy, the original being housed on-site in the Capitoline museum. Many Roman statues were destroyed on the orders of Christian Church authorities in the Middle Ages; this statue was preserved in the erroneous belief that it depicted the Emperor Constantine, who made Christianity the official state religion of the [[Roman empire]].
==Buildings==
[[Image:Muzeum Kapitolinskie.JPG|thumb|300px|The Palazzo dei Conservatori is one of the three main buildings of the Capitoline Museums.]]
[[Image:Capitolinemuseums22.jpg|thumb|right|300px|gallery]]
''This section contains collections sorted by building, and brief information on the buildings themselves. For the history of their design and construction, see [[Capitoline Hill#Michelangelo]].''
The Capitoline Museums are composed of three main buildings surrounding the Piazza del Campidoglio and interlinked by an underground gallery beneath the piazza.
The three main buildings of the Capitoline Museums are:
*[[Palazzo Senatorio]], built in the 12th century and modified according to Michelangelo's designs;
*[[Palazzo dei Conservatori]], built in the mid-16th century and redesigned by Michelangelo with the first use of the [[giant order]] [[column]] design; and
*[[Palazzo Nuovo]], built in the 17th century with an identical exterior design to the Palazzo dei Conservatori, which it faces across the palazzo.
In addition, the 16th century [[Palazzo Caffarelli-Clementino]], located off the piazza adjacent to the Palazzo dei Conservatori, was added to the museum complex in the early 20th century.
===Palazzo dei Conservatori===
The collections here are ancient sculpture, mostly Roman but also [[ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[ancient Egypt|Egyptian]]. As of 2005, the Palazzo dei Conservatori Museum is currently undergoing major renovations, and most of the exhibition spaces are closed to public access.
====Main staircase====
*the impressive relief from the honorary monument to [[Marcus Aurelius]]
====2nd floor====
The second floor of the building is occupied by the Conservator's Apartment, a space now open to the public and housing such famous works as the [[Capitoline Wolf|bronze she-wolf]] nursing [[Romulus and Remus]], which has become the emblem of Rome. The Conservator's Apartment is distinguished by elaborate interior decorations, including [[fresco]]es, [[stucco]]s, [[tapestry|tapestries]], and carved ceilings and doors.
====3rd floor====
The third floor of the Palazzo dei Conservatori houses the Capitoline Art Gallery, housing the museums' painting and applied art galleries. The Capitoline Coin Cabinet, containing collections of [[coin]]s, [[medal]]s, [[Gemstone|jewel]]s, and [[jewelry]], is located in the attached Palazzo Caffarelli-Clementino.
[[Image:Galeria-capitolino.jpg|thumb|left|300px|gallery]]
===Palazzo Nuovo===
Statues, inscriptions, [[sarcophagus|sarcophagi]], busts, [[mosaic]]s, and other ancient Roman artifacts occupy two floors of the Palazzo Nuovo.
In the Hall of the Galatian can also be appreciated the marble statue of the "[[Dying Gaul]]" also called “Capitoline Gaul” and the statue of ''[[Cupid and Psyche]]''. Also housed in this building are:
*the colossal statue restored as Oceanus, located in the museum courtyard of this building
*a fragment of the ''[[Tabula Iliaca]]'' located at the Hall of the Doves
*the statue of ''[[Capitoline Venus]]'', from an original by [[Praxiteles]] (4th century BC)
===Galleria Congiunzione===
The Galleria Congiunzione is located beneath the Palazzo dei Conservatori and the piazza itself, and links the three palazzos sitting on the piazza. The gallery was constructed in the 1930s. It contains ''[[in situ]]'' 2nd century ruins of ancient Roman dwellings, and also houses the Galleria Lapidaria, which displays the Museums' collection of [[epigraph (archeology)|epigraph]]s.
===New wing===
[[Image:Musei Capitolini-testa bronzea di Costantino-antmoose.jpg|thumb|250px|A bronze of [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine I]], possibly originally from the [[Basilica of Maxentius]], was housed in the [[Palazzo Nuovo]], but is now in the new wing.]]
The new great glass covered hall - the Sala Marco Aurelio - created by covering the Giardino Romano is similar to the one used for the [[Baths of Diocletian|Sala Ottagonale]] and [[British Museum|British Museum Great Court]]. The design is by the architect Carlo Aymonino. Its volume recalls that of the oval space designed by Michelangelo for the piazza.
Its centrepiece is the bronze equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, which was once in the centre of Piazza del Campidoglio and has been kept indoors ever since its modern restoration. Moving these statues out of the palazzo allows those sculptures temporarily moved to the [[#Centrale Montemartini|Centrale Montemartini]] to be brought back. It also houses the remaining fragments of the bronze colossus of Constantine and the archaeological remains of the [[tuff]] foundations of the temple of Capitoline Jupiter, with a model, drawn and computer reconstructions and finds dating from the earliest occupation on the site (in the mid Bronze Age: 17th-14th centuries B.C.) to the foundation of the temple (6th century BC). The new Sala was used on 14 June 2007 to launch the 45th anniversary celebrations for the fashion designer [[Valentino Garavani]].[http://www.wwd.com/fashion/article/116622?page=1][http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2102396,00.html]
In the three halls adjacent to the Appartamento dei Conservatori are to be found the showcases of the famous [[Castellani]] Collection with a part of the magnificent set of Greek and [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] vases that was donated to the Municipality of Rome by [[Augusto Castellani]] in the mid 19th century.
==Centrale Montemartini==
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[[Image:Isismontemartini.JPG|thumb|left|Bust of Cleopatra, Centrale Montemartini, Rome]]
[[Image:Dianamotemartini.JPG|thumb|left|Statue of Diana(?), Centrale Montemartini, Rome]]
[[Image:Statuemontemartini.JPG|thumb|left|Statue of [[Dionysus Sardanapalus]], Centrale Montemartini, Rome]]
The [http://www.centralemontemartini.org/it/index_net.htm Centrale Montemartini] is a former power station of [[:it:ACEA|Acea]] (active as a power-station between the 1890s and 1930s) in southern Rome, between [[Pyramid of Cestius|Piramide]] and the [[Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls|basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura]], close to the Metro station [[List of Rome metro stations|Garbatella]]. Its permanent collection comprises 400 ancient statues, moved here during the reorganisation of the Capitoline Museums in 1997, along with tombs, busts, and mosaics. Many of them were excavated in the ancient Roman horti (eg the [[Gardens of Sallust]]) between the 1890s and 1930s, a fruitful period for Roman archaeology. They are displayed there along the lines of [[Tate Modern]], except that (unlike there) the machinery has ''not'' been moved out.
==Collections==
Other sculptures at the museum include:
*the famous Bernini's ''Medusa''.[http://en.museicapitolini.org/servizi/news/completato_il_restauro_del_busto_di_medusa_di_gian_lorenzo_bernini]
*[[Colossus of Constantine]]
<gallery>
Image:Medusa Bernini Musei Capitolini.jpg|Bernini's Medusa
Image:Capitoline Venus Musei Capitolini MC0409.jpg|The [[Capitoline Venus]] <br>(a [[Venus Pudica]])
</gallery>
==References==
{{Commons|Musei Capitolini}}
* [http://www.museicapitolini.org/en/index_msie.htm Capitoline Museums official website (English language version)]. Retrieved September 18, 2006.
* [http://www.museicapitolini.net Capitoline Museums research website (English/German/Italian language versions)].
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michelangelo_Buonarroti&oldid=20027480 "Michelangelo Buonarroti", August 1, 2005 version]. [[Wikipedia]].
{{Rome museums}}
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[[Category:Art museums and galleries in Rome]]
[[Category:Museums in Rome]]
[[Category:Piazzas of Rome]]
[[Category:Archaeology museums]]
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[[de:Kapitolinische Museen]]
[[es:Museos Capitolinos]]
[[fr:Musées du Capitole]]
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[[pl:Muzea Kapitolińskie]]
[[pt:Museus Capitolinos]]
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