Carcinoma
299654
213642565
2008-05-20T05:37:18Z
Jfdwolff
46555
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Browneee|Browneee]] ([[User talk:Browneee|talk]]) to last version by RottweilerCS
{{Unreferenced|date=May 2008}}
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Carcinoma |
Image = |
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = |
ICD10 = |
ICD9 = |
ICDO = |
OMIM = 8010/3 |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = |
eMedicineTopic = |
MeshID = D002277 |
}}
A '''carcinoma''' is any [[malignant]] [[cancer]] that arises from [[Epithelium|epithelial cells]]. Carcinomas invade surrounding tissues and organs and may [[Metastasis|metastasize]], or spread, to [[lymph node]]s and other sites.
''[[Carcinoma in situ]]'' (CIS) is a pre-malignant condition, in which some [[wiktionary:cytological|cytological]] signs of malignancy are present, but there is no histological evidence of invasion through the [[basement membrane|epithelial basement membrane]].
==Classification of carcinoma==
Carcinoma, like all [[neoplastic processes|neoplasia]], is classified by its histopathological appearance. [[Adenocarcinoma]] and [[squamous cell carcinoma]], two common descriptive terms for [[tumor]]s, reflect the fact that these cells may have [[gland]]ular or squamous cell appearances respectively. Severely [[anaplastic]] tumors might be so undifferentiated that they do not have a distinct histological appearance (undifferentiated carcinoma).
Sometimes a tumour is referred to by the presumptive organ of the primary (eg [[prostate cancer|carcinoma of the prostate]]) or the putative cell of origin ([[hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[renal cell carcinoma]]).
===Types of carcinoma by ICD-O Code===
(8010-8790) [[Epithelial]]
* (8010-8040) [[Epithelial]] [[neoplasms]], NOS
* (8050-8080) [[Squamous cell]] [[neoplasms]]
** ({{ICDO|8070|3}}) [[Squamous cell carcinoma]], NOS
* (8090-8110) [[Basal cell]] [[neoplasms]]
** ({{ICDO|8090|3}}) [[Basal cell carcinoma]], NOS
* (8120-8130) [[Transitional cell]] [[papillomas]] and [[carcinomas]]
* (8140-8380) [[Adenomas]] and [[Adenocarcinomas]] ([[gland]]s)
** ({{ICDO|8140|0}}) [[Adenoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8140|3}}) [[Adenocarcinoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8142|3}}) [[Linitis plastica]]
** ({{ICDO|8151|0}}) [[Insulinoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8152|0}}) [[Glucagonoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8153|1}}) [[Gastrinoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8155|3}}) [[Vipoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8160|3}}) [[Cholangiocarcinoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8170|3}}) [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8200|3}}) [[Adenoid cystic carcinoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8240|1}}) [[Carcinoid]] tumor, NOS, of [[appendix]]
** ({{ICDO|8271|0}}) [[Prolactinoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8290|0}}) [[Oncocytoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8290|0}}) [[Hurthle cell adenoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8312|3}}) [[Renal cell carcinoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8312|3}}) [[Grawitz tumor]]
** ({{ICDO|8360|1}}) [[Multiple endocrine adenomas]]
** ({{ICDO|8380|0}}) [[Endometrioid adenoma]], NOS
* (8390-8420) [[Adnexal]] and [[Skin appendage]] [[Neoplasms]]
* (8430-8439) [[Mucoepidermoid]] [[Neoplasms]]
* (8440-8490) [[Cystic]], [[Mucinous]] and [[Serous]] [[Neoplasms]]
** ({{ICDO|8440|0}}) [[Cystadenoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8480|6}}) [[Pseudomyxoma peritonei]]
* (8500-8540) Ductal, Lobular and [[Medullary]] [[Neoplasms]]
* (8550-8559) [[Acinar cell]] [[neoplasms]]
* (8560-8580) [[Complex epithelial]] [[neoplasms]]
** ({{ICDO|8561|0}}) [[Warthin's tumor]]
** ({{ICDO|8580|0}}) [[Thymoma]], NOS
* (8590-8670) Specialized [[gonadal]] [[neoplasms]]
** ({{ICDO|8590|1}}) [[Sex cord-stromal tumor]]
** ({{ICDO|8600|0}}) [[Thecoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8620|1}}) [[Granulosa cell tumor]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8630|1}}) [[Arrhenoblastoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8631|0}}) [[Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor]]
* (8680-8710) [[Paragangliomas]] and [[Glomus tumor]]s
** ({{ICDO|8680|1}}) [[Paraganglioma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8700|0}}) [[Pheochromocytoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8711|0}}) [[Glomus tumor]]
* (8720-8790) [[Nevi]] and [[Melanomas]]
** ({{ICDO|8720|0}}) [[Melanocytic nevus]]
** ({{ICDO|8720|3}}) [[Malignant melanoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8720|3}}) [[Melanoma]], NOS
** ({{ICDO|8721|3}}) [[Nodular melanoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8727|0}}) [[Dysplastic nevus]]
** ({{ICDO|8742|3}}) [[Lentigo maligna melanoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8743|3}}) [[Superficial spreading melanoma]]
** ({{ICDO|8744|3}}) [[Acral lentiginous melanoma]], malignant
===Types of lung carcinoma===
* '''[[Adenocarcinoma]]''' is a malignant tumor originating in the epithelial cells of glandular tissue and forming glandular structures. This is common in the lung (forming 30-40% of all [[lung cancer|lung carcinomas]]). It is found peripherally, arising from [[goblet cell]]s or type II [[pneumocyte]]s.
* '''[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]''' due to [[squamous]] metaplasia. This accounts for 20-30 percent of lung tumors and is usually [[hilum|hilar]] in origin.
* '''[[Small cell carcinoma]]''' is almost certainly due to smoking. These metastasise early, and may secrete [[Antidiuretic hormone|ADH]] (lowering patient [[sodium]] concentration).
* '''[[Large cell undifferentiated carcinomas]]''' account for 10-15 percent of lung [[neoplasm]]s. These are aggressive and difficult to recognise due to the undifferentiated nature. These are most commonly central in the lung.
* '''Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma'''
==Staging and grading==
The staging of cancers is the extent of spread of the neoplasm. Grading is the system used to record the tumors degree of differentiation from the parent tissue. High grade shows little differentiation and the prognosis is therefore poor.
Carcinomas, like all cancers, are staged according to the extent of disease. The UICC/AJCC [[TNM]] system is often used, however for some common tumors, classic staging methods (such as the Dukes classification for [[colon cancer]]) are still used.
==See also==
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Sarcoma]]
* [[Hematological malignancy]]
* [[Basal cell carcinoma]]
{{ICDOMorphology}}
[[Category:Anatomical pathology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[cs:Karcinom]]
[[da:Karcinom]]
[[de:Karzinom]]
[[el:Καρκίνωμα]]
[[es:Carcinoma]]
[[fa:کارسینوما]]
[[fr:Carcinome]]
[[it:Carcinoma]]
[[he:קרצינומה]]
[[nl:Carcinoom]]
[[ja:癌腫]]
[[pt:Carcinoma]]
[[ru:Карцинома]]
[[sv:Carcinom]]
[[tr:Karsinom]]
[[zh:癌]]