Cardiology 5421 224834886 2008-07-10T17:02:06Z 122.168.214.175 {{Cleanup-laundry|date=January 2008}} {{Expert-subject|Medicine}} [[Image:ECG Principle fast.gif|thumb|right| A diagram of a heart with an [[ECG]] indicator; diagrams like this are used in Cardiology.]] '''Cardiology''' is the branch of [[internal medicine]] dealing with disorders of the [[heart]] and [[blood vessel]]s. The field is commonly divided in the branches of [[congenital heart defect]]s, [[coronary artery disease]], [[heart failure]], [[valvular heart disease]] and [[electrophysiology]]. Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called '''cardiologists'''. Cardiologists should not be confused with [[cardiac surgeon]]s who are surgeons who perform cardiac surgery - operative procedures on the heart and great vessels. The term ''cardiology'' is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''καρδιά'' (transliterated as ''kardia'' and meaning ''heart'' or ''inner self''). == The heart == {{main|heart}} === [[Cardiac pacemaker]] (Electrical system of the heart) === * [[Electrical conduction system of the heart]] ** [[Action potential]] *** [[Ventricular action potential]] * [[Sinoatrial node]] * [[Atrioventricular node]] * [[Bundle of His]] * [[Purkinje fibers]] === Basic cardiac physiology === * [[Systole]] * [[Diastole]] * [[Heart sounds]] * [[Preload (cardiology)|Preload]] * [[Afterload]] * [[Kussmaul's sign]] == Disorders of the heart == {{main|Heart Disease}} == Disorders of the [[coronary circulation]] == * [[Atherosclerosis]] * [[Restenosis]] * [[Coronary heart disease]] ([[Ischaemic heart disease]], Coronary artery disease) * [[Acute coronary syndrome]] ** [[Angina pectoris|Angina]] ** [[Myocardial infarction]] (Heart attack) == [[Sudden cardiac death]] (The abrupt cessation of blood flow, leading to death) == *[[Cardiac arrest]] ===Treatment of sudden cardiac death=== *[[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation]] (CPR) == Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart) == * [[Cardiomyopathy]] ** [[Ischemic cardiomyopathy]] ** [[Nonischemic cardiomyopathy]] *** [[Amyloid cardiomyopathy]] *** [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] (HCM) **** [[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]] (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS)) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] *** [[Dilated cardiomyopathy]] **** [[Alcoholic cardiomyopathy]] **** [[Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy]] **** [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]] (Transient apical ballooning, stress-induced cardiomyopathy) *** [[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]] (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy) *** [[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]] * [[Congestive heart failure]] ** [[Cor pulmonale]] * [[Ventricular hypertrophy]] ** [[Left ventricular hypertrophy]] ** [[Right ventricular hypertrophy]] * [[Primary tumors of the heart]] ** [[Myxoma]] * [[Myocardial rupture]] == Disorders of the [[pericardium]] (outer lining of the heart) == * [[Pericarditis]] * [[Cardiac tamponade|Pericardial tamponade]] * [[Constrictive pericarditis]] == Disorders of the [[heart valves]] == * [[Aortic valve]] disorders ** [[Aortic insufficiency]] ** [[Aortic stenosis]] ** [[Aortic valve replacement]] ** [[Aortic valve repair]] ** [[Aortic valvuloplasty]] * [[Mitral valve]] disorders ** [[Mitral valve prolapse]] ** [[Mitral regurgitation]] ** [[Mitral stenosis]] ** [[Mitral valve replacement]] ** [[Mitral valve repair]] ** [[Mitral valvuloplasty]] * [[Pulmonary valve]] disorders ** [[Congenital pulmonic stenosis]] * [[Tricuspid valve]] disorders == Disorders of the electrical system of the heart ([[Cardiac electrophysiology]]) == * [[Tachycardia]] * [[Cardiac arrhythmia]]s ** [[Supraventricular tachycardia]] (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles) *** [[Atrial fibrillation]] *** [[Atrial flutter]] *** [[Atrial tachycardia]] *** [[Sick sinus syndrome]] (Tachy-Brady syndrome) *** [[AV nodal reentrant tachycardia]] (AVNRT) *** [[AV reentrant tachycardia]] (AVRT) ** [[Bigeminy]] ** [[Premature ventricular contraction]] ** [[Ventricular tachycardia]] *** [[Torsades de pointes]] ** [[Ventricular fibrillation]] ** [[Sick sinus syndrome]] ** [[Bundle branch block]] *** [[Left bundle branch block]] *** [[Right bundle branch block]] ** [[Heart block]] *** [[First degree AV block]] *** [[Second degree AV block]] *** [[Bifascicular block]] *** [[Trifascicular block]] *** [[Third degree AV block]] **** [[Lev's disease]] * Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart ** [[Brugada syndrome]] ** [[Long QT syndrome]] *** [[Andersen-Tawil syndrome]] *** [[Romano-Ward syndrome]] *** [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]] ** [[Short QT syndrome]] ** [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]] (WPW syndrome) == Inflammation and infection of the heart == * [[Endocarditis]] ** [[Rheumatic heart disease]] * [[Myocarditis]] * [[Pericarditis]] == [[Congenital heart disease]] == * [[Atrial septal defect]] * [[Ventricular septal defect]] * [[Patent ductus arteriosus]] * [[Bicuspid aortic valve]] * [[Tetralogy of Fallot]] * [[Transposition of the great vessels]] (TGV) * [[Hypoplastic left heart syndrome]] == Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases) == * [[Vasculitis]] * [[Atherosclerosis]] * [[Aneurysm]] * [[Varicose veins]] * [[Economy class syndrome]] <!-- VascularBiology or Hematology ? --> * Diseases of the aorta ** [[Coarctation of the aorta]] ** [[Aortic dissection]] ** [[Aortic aneurysm]] * Diseases of the [[Carotid artery|carotid arteries]] ** [[Carotid artery disease]] ** [[Carotid artery dissection]] == Procedures done for coronary artery disease == * [[Percutaneous coronary intervention]] ** [[Atherectomy]] ** [[Angioplasty]] (PTCA) ** [[Stent]]ing * [[Coronary artery bypass surgery]] (CABG) * [[Enhanced external counterpulsation]] (EECP) == Devices used in cardiology == * [[Stethoscope]] * Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm ** [[Artificial pacemaker|Pacemaker]] ** [[Defibrillator]] *** [[Automated external defibrillator]] *** [[Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator]] * Devices used to maintain [[blood pressure]] ** [[Artificial heart]] ** [[Heart-lung machine]] ** [[Intra-aortic balloon pump]] ** [[Ventricular assist device]] == [[Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures|Diagnostic tests and procedures]] == * [[Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures|Blood tests]] * [[Echocardiography|Echocardiogram]] * [[Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance]] * [[Cardiac stress test]] * Auscultation (Listening with the Stethoscope) [[Electrocardiogram]] (ECG or EKG) ** [[QT interval]] ** [[Osborn wave]] * [[Holter monitor|Ambulatory Holter monitor]] * [[Electrophysiologic study]] ** [[Programmed electrical stimulation]] * [[Sphygmomanometer]] (Blood pressure cuff) * [[Cardiac enzymes]] * [[Coronary catheterization]] ** [[Fractional flow reserve|Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve]] (FFRmyo) ** [[IVUS]] (IntraVascular UltraSound) == Cardiac pharmaceutical agents == The followings are [[medication]]s commonly prescribed in cardiology: * [[Antiarrhythmic agents]] ** Type I ([[sodium]] [[ion channel|channel]] blockers) *** Type Ia **** [[Quinidine]] *** Type Ib **** [[Lidocaine]] **** [[Phenytoin]] *** Type Ic **** [[Propafenone]] ** Type II ([[beta blocker]]s) *** [[Metoprolol]] ** Type III ([[potassium]] channel blockers) *** [[Amiodarone]] *** [[Dofetilide]] *** [[Sotalol]] ** Type IV (slow [[calcium channel blocker]]s) *** [[Diltiazem]] *** [[Verapamil]] ** Type V *** [[Adenosine]] *** [[Digoxin]] * [[ACE inhibitor]]s ** [[Captopril]] ** [[Enalapril]] ** [[Perindopril]] ** [[Ramipril]] * [[Angiotensin II receptor antagonist]]s ** [[Candesartan]] ** [[Eprosartan]] ** [[Irbesartan]] ** [[Losartan]] ** [[Telmisartan]] ** [[Valsartan]] * [[Beta blocker]] * [[Calcium channel blocker]] ==See also== * [[Interventional cardiology]] * [[Clinical cardiac electrophysiology]] * [[Heart Failure Society of America]] * [[American Heart Association]] * [[National Heart Foundation of Australia]] ==External links== * [http://www.cardiologytoday.com/ Cardiology News] * [http://www.escardio.org European Society of Cardiology] * U.S. [[National Institute of Health]] (NIH) [http://health.nih.gov/search.asp/10 : Heart and Circulation] * [http://www.acc.org American College of Cardiology] * [http://know-heart-diseases.com Coronary heart disease] * [http://www.virtualcardiaccentre.com Virtual Cardiac Centre] - latest comprehensive information on the field of Cardiology. * [http://www.cvphysiology.com Cardiovascular Physiology] - comprehensive explanation of basic concepts in cardiology. * [http://www.lejacq.com/Journal_PC.cfm?CFID=3025482&CFTOKEN=85552068 Preventive Cardiology] * [http://atlas.scmr.org/ A cardiac atlas using CMR images] * [http://www.vitals.com/v/index.php?v=specialty/focus/heart Search for Cardiologists in the US] * [http://www.cardioworking.com/ Search for Cardiology Jobs] {{Medicine}} {{Cardiovascular system}} [[Category:Cardiology| ]] [[Category:Subjects taught in medical school]] [[ast:Cardioloxía]] [[bn:হৃদ্‌বিদ্যা]] [[ca:Cardiologia]] [[de:Kardiologie]] [[es:Cardiología]] [[eu:Kardiologia]] [[fr:Cardiologie]] [[hr:Kardiologija]] [[id:Kardiologi]] [[it:Cardiologia]] [[he:קרדיולוגיה]] [[la:Cardiologia]] [[nl:Cardiologie]] [[ne:हृदयशास्त्र]] [[ja:循環器学]] [[no:Kardiologi]] [[nds:Kardiologie]] [[pl:Kardiologia]] [[pt:Cardiologia]] [[ro:Cardiologie]] [[ru:Кардиология]] [[sq:Kardiologjia]] [[sl:Kardiologija]] [[sr:Кардиологија]] [[sh:Kardiologija]] [[fi:Kardiologia]] [[sv:Kardiologi]] [[tr:Kardiyoloji]] [[uk:Кардіологія]] [[zh:心臟內科]]