Carl Zeiss 202067 218708984 2008-06-11T20:47:07Z Eubot 231599 Hatnote formatting, see [[User:Eubot/Hatnote formatting]] {{for|the company with the same name|Zeiss}} {{Infobox Scientist |name = {{PAGENAME}} |box_width = |image =Carl Zeiss 47.png |image_width =150px |caption = {{PAGENAME}} |birth_date = [[September 11]], [[1816]] |birth_place = |death_date = [[December 3]], [[1888]] |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = |ethnicity = |field = [[optics]] |work_institutions = [[Zeiss]] |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[lens (optics)|lens]] |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} '''Carl Zeiss''' ([[September 11]], [[1816]] – [[December 3]], [[1888]]) was an [[optician]] commonly known for the company he founded, [[Zeiss]]. Zeiss himself also made a few contributions to [[lens (optics)|lens]] manufacturing that have aided the modern production of lenses. Raised in [[Weimar]], [[Germany]], he became a notable lens maker in the [[1840]]s when he created high quality lenses that were "wide open", or in other words, had a very large [[aperture]] range that allowed for very clear images. He did this in the city of [[Jena]] at a self opened workshop, where he started his lens making career. At first his lenses were only used in the production of [[microscope]]s but when [[camera]]s were invented, his company ([[Zeiss]]) began manufacturing high quality lenses for cameras. He died in [[Jena]]. ==Youth== Zeiss began his life in pre-imperial [[Germany]] where he went to a [[grammar school]], and undertook [[apprenticeship]] under Dr. [[Friedrich Körner]], mechanic and supplier to the [[court]]. He later attended lectures in [[mathematics]], experimental [[physics]], [[anthropology]], [[mineralogy]] and [[optics]] at [[Jena University]]. After seven years he opened a small workshop by himself with hardly any tools. He made many lenses but had little recognition until [[1847]] when he hired his second and third apprentice. The same year his former master, Dr.Anthony Marc Körner died, inspiring Zeiss to devote his life to working in the area of [[microscope]]s. ==Life== In [[1847]] Carl Zeiss started making [[microscope]]s full-time. His first [[innovation]] was making simpler microscopes that only used one lens, and were therefore only intended for [[dissecting]] work. He sold around 23 of them in his first year of production. He soon decided that he needed a new challenge so he began making [[microscope|compound microscopes]]. He first created the [[Stand I]] which went to market in [[1857]]. In [[1861]] he was awarded a gold medal at the [[Thuringain Industrial Exhibition]] for his designs. They were considered to be among the best scientific instruments in [[Germany]]. By this point he had about 20 people working under him with his business still growing all the time. In [[1866]] the [[Zeiss]] workshop sold their 1000th [[microscope]]. He then continued on for a few years, and assumed he had reached his fullest potential, but he met [[Ernst Abbe|Dr. Ernst Abbe]], a [[physicist]] that he joined up with in [[1872]]. Their combined efforts lead to the discovery of the [[Abbe sine condition]]. During this period, Zeiss made his best lenses that he ever had up to this point. Theoretically, the [[Abbe sine condition]] could greatly improve how well lenses could be made. The problem was, there wasn't any type of glass that was strong enough to fully test the theory. Luckily, Dr. Ernst Abbe soon met [[Otto Schott]], a 30 year old [[glass]] [[chemist]] who had just received his [[doctorate]]. They collaborated and soon produced a new type glass in [[1886]] that could fully use the [[Abbe sine condition]]. This new type of glass paved the way for a new class of microscope objective: the [[apochromatic]] (often abbreviated 'apo'). Zeiss used water [[immersion]] to form a [[compensating eyepiece]] which produced images with little or no [[color distortion]]. His son had entered the business with him, but retired soon after Carl Zeiss's death of natural causes on [[December 3]], [[1888]]. The business was incorporated as the Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung in [[1889]], and it gained an international reputation for the manufacture of optical instruments of all kinds. [[New International Encyclopedia| ]] ==Publications== * Auerbach, ''Das Zeisswerk und die Carl Zeiss-Stiftung in Jena'' (third edition, Jena, 1907) ==See also== * [[Calculation of glass properties]] - a significant contribution to the success of the companies Zeiss and Schott ==External links== {{commons|Carl Zeiss}} *[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9078304 Carl Zeiss Biography] *[http://www.zeiss.com/C12567BE0045ACF1/allBySubject/20D1FA535B9D8B08C1256C020024B193 Zeiss Company History Site] *[http://www.optics.arizona.edu/Nofziger/UNVR195a/Class6/C6P7.htm Zeiss/Abbe Fact Sheet] *[http://www.musoptin.com/zeiss_mikroskop.html First simple microscope made by Carl Zeiss ] in 1847/1848 *[http://www.antique-microscopes.com/photos/Zeiss_555_1243.htm Early compound microscope made by Carl Zeiss ] *[http://www.mflenses.com Manual Focus Carl Zeiss Lenses ] {{BD|1816|1888|Zeiss, Carl}} [[Category:Microscopists]] [[Category:Carl Zeiss Jena]] [[Category:People from Weimar]] [[Category:People from Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] [[Category:University of Jena alumni]] [[bg:Карл Цайс]] [[de:Carl Zeiss]] [[es:Carl Zeiss]] [[fr:Carl Zeiss]] [[it:Carl Zeiss (ottico)]] [[nl:Carl Zeiss]] [[ru:Цейс, Карл Фридрих]] [[sr:Карл Цајс]] [[fi:Carl Zeiss]] [[sv:Carl Zeiss]] [[th:คาร์ล ไซซ์]] [[tr:Carl Zeiss]] [[zh:卡爾·蔡司]]