Carlos Finlay
898745
224757330
2008-07-10T08:17:57Z
64.9.232.159
correct xref from Haiti to Cuba
{{Infobox Scientist
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|box_width =
|image =Finlay Carlos 1833-1915.jpg
|image_size =150px
|caption = {{PAGENAME}}
|birth_date = [[December 3]] [[1833]]
|birth_place = [[Puerto Principe]]
|death_date = [[August 20]] [[1915]]
|death_place = [[Havana]]
|residence = |citizenship =
|nationality = [[Cuba]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[medicine]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[mosquito]] and [[yellow fever]]
|author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes =
|religion = |footnotes = |signature =
}}'''Carlos Juan Finlay''' (born '''Juan Carlos Finlay y Barrés''' on [[December 3]] [[1833]], [[Puerto Principe]], Cuba – [[August 20]] [[1915]], [[Havana]], Cuba), was a [[Cuba|Cuban]] [[physician]] and scientist.
Finlay was born in [[Camagüey|Puerto Principe, Cuba]], of [[France|French]] and [[Scotland|Scottish]] descent. He changed his name to Carlos Juan Finlay later in his life. In 1853 he attended Jefferson Medical College in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. He graduated in [[1855]], and completed his studies in [[Havana]], and in [[Paris]]. Afterwards he settled in Havana and opened a medical practice.
Carlos Finlay became famous for his work in identifying the [[mosquito]] as a carrier of the organism causing yellow fever, now known as a disease [[vector (biology)|vector]]. His theory was followed by the recommendation to control the mosquito population as a way to control the spread of yellow fever. His work, carried out during the 1870s finally came to prominence in 1900. He was the first to theorize in 1881 that a mosquito was the way by which yellow fever was transmitted; a mosquito that bites a victim of the disease could bite a healthy person and spread the disease. A year later he identified the organism transmitting yellow fever to be in the genus ''[[Aedes]]''. His hypothesis and exhaustive proofs was confirmed nearly twenty years later by the [[Walter Reed|Walter Reed Commission]] of [[1900]]. Finlay went on to become the chief health officer of Cuba from 1902 to 1909.
In the words of General [[Leonard Wood]], a physician and [[United States|U.S.]] military governor of Cuba in 1900: "The confirmation of Dr. Finlay's doctrine is the greatest step forward made in medical science since [[Edward Jenner|Jenner]]'s discovery of the vaccination."
This discovery helped [[William C. Gorgas]] of [[Alabama]] reduce the incidence and prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases in [[Panama]] during the American campaign from [[1903]] onwards to construct the [[Panama Canal]]. Prior to this about 10% of the workforce died each year from malaria and yellow fever.
[[Image:ElObelisco.jpg|thumb|400px|center|El Obelisco, Carlos J. Finlay Memorial in Havana.]]
In the city of [[Marianao]] in [[Havana]], Cuba, there is a monument honoring Dr. Finlay. This monument has the shape of a syringe and it is usually referred to as "El Obelisco" ("The Obelisk"). Finlay was also commemorated on a 1981 Cuban stamp.[http://www.bugsonstamps.com/cuba/cuba_15_mosquito_2431.htm] A statue commemorating Dr. Finlay is located on the bayfront in [[Panama City]], near the canal he helped make possible. The United Nations {[[UNESCO]]) prize for Microbiology is named in his honor.
==References==
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Del Regato
|first=J A
|authorlink=
|year=[[2001]]|month=.
|title=Carlos Juan Finlay (1833-1915)
|journal=[[Journal of public health policy]]
|volume=22
|issue=1
|pages=98-104
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 11382093
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays
ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Tan
|first=S Y
|authorlink=
|coauthors=Sung H
|year=[[2008]]|month=May.
|title=Carlos Juan Finlay (1833-1915): of mosquitoes and yellow fever
|journal=[[Singapore medical journal]]
|volume=49
|issue=5
|pages=370-1
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 18465043
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays
ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Amster
|first=L J
|authorlink=
|year=[[1987]]|month=May
|title=Carlos J. Finlay: the mosquito man
|journal=[[Hosp. Pract. (Off. Ed.)]]
|volume=22
|issue=5
|pages=223-5, 229-30, 233 passim
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 3106375
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays
ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=del Regato
|first=J A
|authorlink=
|year=[[1987]]|month=
|title=Carlos Finlay and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
|journal=[[The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha-Honor Medical Society. Alpha Omega Alpha]]
|volume=50
|issue=2
|pages=5-9
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 3299405
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays
ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|year=[[1966]]|month=Dec.
|title=Carlos J. Finlay (1833-1915) student of yellow fever
|journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association|JAMA]]
|volume=198
|issue=11
|pages=1210-1
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 5332541
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=RODRIGUEZ CABARROCAS
|first=R
|authorlink=
|year=[[1960]]|month=Aug.
|title=Carlos J. FINLAY and yellow fever
|journal=[[The Bulletin of the Tulane Medical Faculty]]
|volume=19
|issue=
|pages=219-28
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 13742573
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
==See also==
{{portalpar|Cuba|Flag of Cuba.svg}}
*[[Healthcare of Cuba]]
* Mellander, Gustavo A. (1971) The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Years. Danville, Ill.: Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568.
* Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. ISBN 1563281554. OCLC 42970390.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Finlay, Carlos}}
[[Category:1833 births]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:Cuban scientists]]
[[Category:Cuban physicians]]
[[Category:Cubans of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Cubans of French descent]]
[[Category:Healthcare in Cuba]]
[[es:Carlos Juan Finlay]]
[[fr:Carlos Finlay]]