Carlos Finlay 898745 224757330 2008-07-10T08:17:57Z 64.9.232.159 correct xref from Haiti to Cuba {{Infobox Scientist |name = {{PAGENAME}} |box_width = |image =Finlay Carlos 1833-1915.jpg |image_size =150px |caption = {{PAGENAME}} |birth_date = [[December 3]] [[1833]] |birth_place = [[Puerto Principe]] |death_date = [[August 20]] [[1915]] |death_place = [[Havana]] |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[Cuba]] |ethnicity = |field = [[medicine]] |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[mosquito]] and [[yellow fever]] |author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }}'''Carlos Juan Finlay''' (born '''Juan Carlos Finlay y Barrés''' on [[December 3]] [[1833]], [[Puerto Principe]], Cuba – [[August 20]] [[1915]], [[Havana]], Cuba), was a [[Cuba|Cuban]] [[physician]] and scientist. Finlay was born in [[Camagüey|Puerto Principe, Cuba]], of [[France|French]] and [[Scotland|Scottish]] descent. He changed his name to Carlos Juan Finlay later in his life. In 1853 he attended Jefferson Medical College in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. He graduated in [[1855]], and completed his studies in [[Havana]], and in [[Paris]]. Afterwards he settled in Havana and opened a medical practice. Carlos Finlay became famous for his work in identifying the [[mosquito]] as a carrier of the organism causing yellow fever, now known as a disease [[vector (biology)|vector]]. His theory was followed by the recommendation to control the mosquito population as a way to control the spread of yellow fever. His work, carried out during the 1870s finally came to prominence in 1900. He was the first to theorize in 1881 that a mosquito was the way by which yellow fever was transmitted; a mosquito that bites a victim of the disease could bite a healthy person and spread the disease. A year later he identified the organism transmitting yellow fever to be in the genus ''[[Aedes]]''. His hypothesis and exhaustive proofs was confirmed nearly twenty years later by the [[Walter Reed|Walter Reed Commission]] of [[1900]]. Finlay went on to become the chief health officer of Cuba from 1902 to 1909. In the words of General [[Leonard Wood]], a physician and [[United States|U.S.]] military governor of Cuba in 1900: "The confirmation of Dr. Finlay's doctrine is the greatest step forward made in medical science since [[Edward Jenner|Jenner]]'s discovery of the vaccination." This discovery helped [[William C. Gorgas]] of [[Alabama]] reduce the incidence and prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases in [[Panama]] during the American campaign from [[1903]] onwards to construct the [[Panama Canal]]. Prior to this about 10% of the workforce died each year from malaria and yellow fever. [[Image:ElObelisco.jpg|thumb|400px|center|El Obelisco, Carlos J. Finlay Memorial in Havana.]] In the city of [[Marianao]] in [[Havana]], Cuba, there is a monument honoring Dr. Finlay. This monument has the shape of a syringe and it is usually referred to as "El Obelisco" ("The Obelisk"). Finlay was also commemorated on a 1981 Cuban stamp.[http://www.bugsonstamps.com/cuba/cuba_15_mosquito_2431.htm] A statue commemorating Dr. Finlay is located on the bayfront in [[Panama City]], near the canal he helped make possible. The United Nations {[[UNESCO]]) prize for Microbiology is named in his honor. ==References== *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |last=Del Regato |first=J A |authorlink= |year=[[2001]]|month=. |title=Carlos Juan Finlay (1833-1915) |journal=[[Journal of public health policy]] |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=98-104 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 11382093 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |last=Tan |first=S Y |authorlink= |coauthors=Sung H |year=[[2008]]|month=May. |title=Carlos Juan Finlay (1833-1915): of mosquitoes and yellow fever |journal=[[Singapore medical journal]] |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=370-1 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 18465043 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |last=Amster |first=L J |authorlink= |year=[[1987]]|month=May |title=Carlos J. Finlay: the mosquito man |journal=[[Hosp. Pract. (Off. Ed.)]] |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=223-5, 229-30, 233 passim | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 3106375 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |last=del Regato |first=J A |authorlink= |year=[[1987]]|month= |title=Carlos Finlay and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |journal=[[The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha-Honor Medical Society. Alpha Omega Alpha]] |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=5-9 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 3299405 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | lays ummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |year=[[1966]]|month=Dec. |title=Carlos J. Finlay (1833-1915) student of yellow fever |journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association|JAMA]] |volume=198 |issue=11 |pages=1210-1 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 5332541 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = yes |last=RODRIGUEZ CABARROCAS |first=R |authorlink= |year=[[1960]]|month=Aug. |title=Carlos J. FINLAY and yellow fever |journal=[[The Bulletin of the Tulane Medical Faculty]] |volume=19 |issue= |pages=219-28 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 13742573 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} ==See also== {{portalpar|Cuba|Flag of Cuba.svg}} *[[Healthcare of Cuba]] * Mellander, Gustavo A. (1971) The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Years. Danville, Ill.: Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568. * Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. ISBN 1563281554. OCLC 42970390. {{DEFAULTSORT:Finlay, Carlos}} [[Category:1833 births]] [[Category:1915 deaths]] [[Category:Cuban scientists]] [[Category:Cuban physicians]] [[Category:Cubans of Scottish descent]] [[Category:Cubans of French descent]] [[Category:Healthcare in Cuba]] [[es:Carlos Juan Finlay]] [[fr:Carlos Finlay]]