Carolina Henriette Mac Gillavry 5515464 224247385 2008-07-07T23:56:21Z 65.54.98.101 c/edit '''Carolina Henriette Mac Gillavry''' ([[Amsterdam]], [[January 22]] [[1904]] - Amsterdam, [[May 9]] [[1993]]) was a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[chemist]] and [[crystallography|crystallographer]]. She is known for her discoveries on the use of [[diffraction]] in crystallography. ===Biography=== Mac Gillavry was born the second of six children in an intellectual family (her father was a [[brain]] [[surgery|surgeon]], her mother a teacher). In 1921 she began a study in [[chemistry]] at the [[University of Amsterdam]], where she became interested in the (then) new field of [[quantum mechanics]]. In 1932 she finished her studies and became the assistant of chemist [[A. Smits]]. She became a friend of [[Johannes Martin Bijvoet|J.H. Bijvoet]], who interested her in crystallography which led to her 1937 [[PhD]] [[thesis]] on the subject. She then became assistant of [[Anton Eduard van Arkel|A.E. van Arkel]] at [[Leiden]], but Bijvoet asked her to come back to the Amsterdam crystallography [[laboratory]] that same year. Together with Bijvoet she did research in [[Electromagnetic radiation|electromagnetic]] [[diffraction]] and its use in crystallography. She also did research in [[inorganic chemistry]]. After [[World War II]], Mac Gillavry was one of the developers of ''[[direct method]]s'', an innovative [[calculus]] that could be used in crystallography. The method uses the [[Harker Kasper inequility]], that was first [[scientific publication|published]] in 1948 by crystallographers [[David Harker|D. Harker]] and [[John Simon Kasper|J.S. Kasper]]. Due to her work on Harker Kasper inequilities, she became an international authority on the subject. In 1948 she worked with [[Raymond Pepinsky|R. Pepinsky]] in [[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn]], [[Alabama]], for a year. The Dutch company [[Philips]] also got interested in her work on the chemistry of [[solid]]s. She became a [[professor]] at the University of Amsterdam in 1957. In the English speaking world Mac Gillavry became most famous for her book ''Symmetry aspects of M.C. Escher's periodic drawings'' on the works of [[Maurits Cornelis Escher|M.C. Escher]]. The book was instrumental in drawing international attention to the artist as well. Mac Gillavry married the [[otology|oto-]][[rhinology|rhino-]][[laryngology|larynologist]] J.H. Nieuwenhuizen in 1968. She retired in 1972. ==External links== * M.Th. Bruinvels-Bakker, [http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn5/mac_gillavry ''Mac Gillavry, Carolina Henriette (1904-1993)''], in: Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland (in Dutch). {{DEFAULTSORT:Mac Gillavry, Carolina Henriette}} [[Category:1904 births]] [[Category:1993 deaths]] [[Category:Dutch chemists]] [[Category:People from Amsterdam]] [[Category:People of Scottish descent]] [[es:Carolina Henriette Mac Gillavry]] [[nl:Carolina Henriette Mac Gillavry]]