Catholic Encyclopedia
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2008-05-19T18:13:29Z
64.0.159.164
/* Internet version */
{{distinguish|New Catholic Encyclopedia}}
The '''''Catholic Encyclopedia''''', also referred to today as the '''Old Catholic Encyclopedia''', is an [[English language|English-language]] [[encyclopedia]] published by The Encyclopedia Press. The first volume appeared in March 1907 and it was completed in April 1914. It was designed to give "authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine".
==Intent==
The encyclopedia was designed to serve the [[Roman Catholic Church]], excluding information which has no relation to the Church and explaining matters from the point of view of the official Catholic doctrine, as it stood during the [[pontificate]] of [[Pope Pius X|Pius X]]. It records the accomplishments of Catholics and some others in nearly all intellectual and professional pursuits, including artists, educators, poets and scientists. While more limited than other general encyclopedias, it was far broader in scope than previous efforts at comprehensive Catholic encyclopedias, which had studied only internal Church affairs.
It also offers in-depth portrayals of historical and philosophical ideas, persons and events, from the Roman Catholic point-of-view. On issues that divide Catholicism from other Churches and Protestant ecclesial communities, the text consistently presents matters from the Catholic point of view. Since the encyclopedia was first undertaken in 1913, some of its entries are not up-to-date, either with respect to the secular domain or to the Catholic ecclesiastical world. In particular, it predates the [[Second Vatican Council]], which introduced significant changes in Catholic practice.
==History==
The writing of the encyclopedia began on [[January 11]], [[1905]] under the supervision of five editors:
*[[Charles George Herbermann|Charles G. Herbermann]], Professor of [[Latin]] and Librarian of the [[College of the City of New York]]
*[[Edward A. Pace]], Professor of [[Philosophy]] at [[The Catholic University of America]], at Washington D.C.
*[[Condé Benoist Pallen|Condé B. Pallen]], Editor
*Rev. [[Thomas Joseph Shahan|Thomas J. Shahan]], Professor of [[History of the Catholic Church|Church History]] at the Catholic University.
*Rev. [[John J. Wynne]], [[Jesuit|S.J.]], Editor of ''[[The Messenger]]''
The editors, all situated in the United States, had their first editorial meeting at the office of ''The Messenger'', on West 16th Street, [[New York City]]. The text received a [[Nihil obstat|Nihil Obstat]] ("nothing hinders") from an official censor Remy Lafort on [[November 1]], [[1908]] and an [[Imprimatur]] ("let it be printed") from [[John Cardinal Farley]], who was [[Archbishop of New York]] at the time. This review process was presumably accelerated by the reuse of older authorized publications. In addition to frequent informal conferences and constant communication by letters, the editors subsequently held 134 formal meetings to consider the plan, scope and progress of the work, culminating in publication on [[April 19]], [[1913]]. A supplement was published in [[1922]].
There was controversy over the presence of the Catholic Encyclopedia in public libraries with nativist protests that this violated the [[separation of church and state]], including a successful appeal in [[Bellville]].<ref>p. 412, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=s1pzTh9oh2gC Separation of Church and State], by [[Philip Hamburger]], 2002, Harvard University Press</ref>
The encyclopedia was later updated under the auspices of [[The Catholic University of America]] and a 17-volume ''[[New Catholic Encyclopedia]]'' was first published in [[1967]], and then in [[2002]].
==Internet version==
Under [[United States copyright law]], all works published in the United States before 1923 are in the [[public domain]]. In [[1993]], Kevin Knight, then a 26-year-old resident of [[Denver, Colorado]], was inspired, during the visit of [[Pope John Paul II]] to that city for [[World Youth Day]], to launch a project to publish the 1913 edition of the encyclopedia on the Internet. Knight founded the website [http://www.newadvent.org New Advent] to house the undertaking. Volunteers from the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[France]] and [[Brazil]] helped in the transcription of the original material. The site went online in [[1995]] and transcription efforts stopped in [[1997]].
In 2007 [http://www.catholic.com Catholic Answers] published an [http://oce.catholic.com authoritative version] derived from page scans, (with complete article text, full-sized page scans, [http://oce.catholic.com/illustrations.php color illustrations], [http://oce.catholic.com/maps.php maps], etc.) thus avoiding problems of missing articles and transcription errors found on other sites.
For those both inside and outside the USA, in addition to full-article text, access to page scans is provided by Catholic Answers' [http://oce.catholic.com/ Original Catholic Encyclopedia] site:
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=879ba9e476d2be23817001d46affb01d&o=g Volume 1: Aachen - Assize]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=907ec4e3aaf3faad50a003405ecf8023&o=g Volume 2: Assizes - Browne]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=075f9831a3b3b107569003c2e6b7f034&o=g Volume 3: Brownson - Clairvaux]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=f4211014dc63d55be68003f87ba21042&o=g Volume 4: Clandestinity - Diocesan]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=211b42f9899eeebfdcd0030512add053&o=g Volume 5: Diocese - Fathers]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=879ba9e476d2be23817001d46affb06d&o=g Volume 6: Fathers - Gregory]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=993184eb56c7b4306dd00199d38bd071&o=g Volume 7: Gregory - Infallibility]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=de9d305a4c5c9fc964a003f5f5b9008c&o=g Volume 8: Infamy - Lapparent]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=9b526c0436ace61adf6003dbe3b16096&o=g Volume 9: Laprade - Mass]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=879ba9e476d2be23817003d46affb10d&o=g Volume 10: Mass - Newman]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=8ba45cb2e6e6198d895003124041b113&o=g Volume 11: New Mexico - Philip]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=2cf34c4cffb02738521003316d04c126&o=g Volume 12: Philip - Reuss]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=3cee73ffdd67974c18c003eeeba7a13a&o=g Volume 13: Revelation - Simon]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=645583049896f31d1a7003f5d36ae14b&o=g Volume 14: Simony - Tournely]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=ad89fad84b7c8792370003d39308c153&o=g Volume 15: Tournon - Zwirner]
* [http://oce.catholic.com/oce/browse-page-scans.php?p=9879bae476d2be23817001d46affb16d&o=g Volume 16: Supplement]
The 1922 supplement to the Encyclopedia is also in the public domain, but as of [[2007]] has not been placed on-line. The ''New Catholic Encyclopedia'' is available online at some libraries.
The scanned copies of it is also available on [[Google Books]], which is not accessible for people outside the USA.
*Volumes :
*1: [http://books.google.com/books?id=FmgQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA246&dq=Cornelius+Sneek,+O.P.,+assures+us+that+he+was+born+in+Brittany.#PPP13,M1]
*2 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=w00sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP13&dq=%22list+of+contributors+to+the+second+volume%22&as_brr=1#PPP11,M1]
*3 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=T87lXuBR2vsC&pg=PP14&dq=%22list+of+contributors+to+the+third+volume%22&as_brr=1#PPP11,M1]
*4 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=2GcQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA4&dq=St.+Francis,+who+at+once+recognized+in+Clare+one+of+those+chosen+souls+destined+by+God+for+great+things,+and+who+also,+doubtless,+foresaw&as_brr=1]
*5 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=-aSQNo8kNqIC&pg=PA112&dq=Falling+into+bad+habits+he+led+a+vagabond+life+until+twenty-five+years+of+age&as_brr=1#PPP5,M1]
*6 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=nlMsAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA468&dq=After+futile+attempts+first+to+become+a+Franciscan+and+then+a+hermit,+he+entered+the+Congregation+of+the+Most+Holy+Redeemer+in+1749.&as_brr=1#PPP5,M1]
*7 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=QVUsAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA800&dq=One+of+these,+the+magisterium+ordinarium,+is+liable+to+be+somewhat+indefinite+in+its+pronouncements+and,+as+a+consequence,+practically+ineffective+as+an+organ.#PPP9,M1]
*8 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=D2oQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA185&dq=St.+Albert+(d.+1140)+by+his+contemporary+biographer,+who+tells+us#PPP11,M1]
*9 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=EFQmf0E7N_EC&pg=PA418&dq=Spanish+Jesuit+and+Cardinal,+one+of+the+most+eminent+theologians+of+modern+times,+b.+at+Madrid,+November,+1583,&as_brr=1#PPP9,M1]
*10 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=RmoQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA673&dq=in+pre-Reformation+England+the+laity+were+taught+to+administer+baptism+in+case+of+necessity+with+the+words:+%22I+christen+thee+in+the+name+of+the+Father%22+etc.&as_brr=1#PPP13,M1]
*11 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=kFosAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA100&dq=a+holy+and+learned+hermit-priest&as_brr=1#PPP11,M1]
*12 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=7j5O-ghhLnAC&pg=PA19&dq=He+would+sometimes+tell+a+penitent+his+most+secret+sins+without+his+confessing+them%3B+and+once+he+converted+a+young+nobleman+by+showing+him+a+vision+of+hell.&as_brr=1#PPP9,M1]
*13: [http://books.google.com/books?id=Nu7SzmqwYdcC&pg=PA187&dq=%22a+garland+or+bouquet+of+roses%22&as_brr=1#PPP9,M1]
*14: [http://books.google.com/books?id=KYEqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA515&dq=Letters+of+St.+Jerome,+which+determined+her+to+adopt+the+religious+life,+not+so+much+through+any+attraction+towards+it,+as+through+a+desire+of+choosing+the+safest+course.&as_brr=1#PPP9,M1]
*15: [http://books.google.com/books?id=h4EqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA236&dq=and+interest+exacted+on+such+a+loan+must+be+returned,+as+having+been+unjustly+claimed.+This+was+the+doctrine+of+St.+Thomas+and+Scotus%3B+of+Molina,+Lessius,+and+de+Lugo.&as_brr=1#PPP13,M1]
*16 : [http://books.google.com/books?id=q4IqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=catholic+encyclopedia+volume+xvi&as_brr=1]
*Supplement I, Vol 17 of the 1922 supplement is available here: [http://books.google.com/books?id=bGdbHI9-8e8C&pg=PA47&dq=intitle:catholic+intitle:encyclopedia&as_brr=1#PPP9,M1 ]
*Supplementary volume of 1918: [http://books.google.com/books?id=POwa8WpEO7wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:catholic+intitle:encyclopedia&as_brr=1]
==See also==
* [[New Catholic Encyclopedia]]
* [[Jewish Encyclopedia]]
* [[Encyclopædia Biblica]]
* [[List of encyclopedias]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{1913CE}}
* [http://oce.catholic.com/ Catholic Encyclopedia] at Catholic.com
** 100% of all articles
** accurate article text (no transcription errors)
** plus full-scale page scans
** Map Gallery (color images)
** Art Gallery (including full-page color plates, photos, illustrations, etc.)
** Article, Title, and Scan Search
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/index.html Catholic Encyclopedia] on New Advent (easy search, also offers this in CD form)
* [http://www.catholicity.com/encyclopedia/ Catholic Encyclopedia] on Catholicity (search via www.googlesyndicatedsearch.com)
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