Cativa process
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2008-05-26T14:32:05Z
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[[Image:Dicarbonyldiiodoiridium%28I%29-3D-vdW.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Space-filling model]] of the [Ir(CO)<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup> catalyst used in the Cativa process]]
The '''Cativa process''' is a route to the manufacture of [[acetic acid]]. It is similar to the [[rhodium]] based [[Monsanto process]]. The Cativa technology was developed by BP Chemicals Ltd and is the forefront of acetic acid production. The Cativa process is under license BP Plc <ref>{{cite journal
| title = The Cativa<sup>TM</sup> Process for the Manufacture of Acetic Acid
| author = Jones J. H.
| journal = Platinum Metals Review
| year = 2002
| volume = 44
| issue = 3
| pages = 94–105
| url = http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v44-i3-094-105.pdf
}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal
| title = High productivity methanol carbonylation catalysis using iridium - The Cativa<sup>TM</sup> process for the manufacture of acetic acid
| author = Sunley GJ, Watson DJ
| journal = Catalysis Today
| year = 2000
| volume = 58
| issue = 4
| pages = 293–307
| doi = 10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00263-7
}}</ref>
.
In the Cativa process the active [[catalyst]] is based on [[iridium]]; [Ir(CO)<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup>.
Due to similar chemistry to the [[Monsanto process]] the same chemical plant may be used. Initial studies by Monsanto had shown the iridium [[Complex (chemistry)|complex]] to be a less active catalyst than the rhodium complex. However subsequent research showed that the iridium catalyst could be promoted using ruthenium, and this combination leads to a ''more'' active and more specific catalyst than the rhodium compound.
The switch from [[rhodium]] to the cheaper [[iridium]] allows the use of less water in the reaction mixture. This reduces the number of drying columns necessary, decrease by-products formation and suppress the [[water gas shift reaction]]. Also, a higher catalyst loading can be used. Compared with the Monsanto process, less [[propionic acid]] by-product is produced.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Industrial processes]]
[[pt:Processo Cativa]]