Celiac ganglia 4714806 218118540 2008-06-09T06:36:07Z Onefatlazyyak 7273924 {{Infobox Nerve | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | Latin = ganglia coeliaca | GraySubject = 220 | GrayPage = 985 | Image = Gray848.png | Caption = The celiac [[ganglia]] with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the [[ganglia]]. (Celiac ganglion labeled at center right.)| Image2 = Celiac ganglion.jpg | Caption2 = Celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglion in a cat. 1 [[Crus of diaphragm|Crus sinistrum]] ([[Thoracic diaphragm|Diaphragma]]), 2 [[Aortic hiatus|hiatus aorticus]], 3 [[Aorta]], 4 [[Lumbar arteries|Arteria lumbalis]], 5 [[Thoracic splanchnic nerves|Nervus splanchnicus major]], 6 [[Celiac artery|Arteria celiaca]], 7 [[Arteria phrenica caudalis]], 8 '''Celiac ganglion''', 9 [[Celiac plexus|Plexus celiacus]], 10 [[Ganglion mesentericum craniale]], 11 [[Plexus mesentericus cranialis]], 12 [[Arteria mesenterica cranialis]], 13 [[Thoracic splanchnic nerves|Nervus splanchnicus minor]], 14 [[Adrenal gland]], 15 [[Arteria abdominalis cranialis]], 16 [[Stomach]], 17 [[Liver]] ([[Caudate lobe of liver|Lobus caudatus]]), 18 [[Kidney]] | Innervates = | BranchFrom = [[thoracic splanchnic nerves]] | BranchTo = | MeshName = Celiac+Ganglia | MeshNumber = A08.340.315.350 |t DorlandsPre = g_02 | DorlandsSuf = 12384424 | }} The '''celiac ganglia''' are two large irregularly shaped masses of [[nerve]] tissue in the upper [[abdomen]]. Part of the [[sympathetic nervous system|sympathetic]] subdivision of the [[autonomic nervous system]] (ANS), the two celiac ganglia are the largest [[ganglia]] in the ANS, and they innervate most of the [[digestive tract]]. They have the appearance of [[lymph glands]] and are placed on either side of the midline in front of the [[crura]] of the [[diaphragm (anatomy)|diaphragm]], close to the [[suprarenal glands]] (also called adrenal glands). The ganglion on the right side is placed behind the [[inferior vena cava]]. They are sometimes referred to as the '''semilunar ganglia''' or the '''solar ganglia'''. ==Neurotransmission== The celiac ganglion is part of the sympathetic prevertebral chain possessing a great variety of specific receptors and neurotransmitters such as [[catecholamine]]s, [[neuropeptide]]s, and nitric oxide and constitutes a modulation center in the pathway of the afferent and efferent fibers between the central nervous system and the ovary. The main preganglion neurotransmitter of the celiac ganglion is [[acetylcholine]], yet the celiac ganglion-mesenteric complex also contain α and β adrenergic receptors and is innervated by fibers of adrenergic nature that come from other [[preaortic ganglia]]. ==Path== The upper part of each ganglion is joined by the [[greater splanchnic nerve]], while the lower part, which is segmented off and named the [[aorticorenal ganglion]], receives the [[lesser splanchnic nerve]] and gives off the greater part of the [[renal plexus]]. ==Innervation== These ganglion contain neurons whose unmyelinated postganglionic axons innervate the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, small intestine, and the ascending and transverse colon. They directly innervate the ovarian theca and secondary interstitial cells and exert an indirect action on the luteal cells. ==Links to Ovary== Modifications in the adrenergic activity of the celiac ganglion results in an altered capacity of the ovary of pregnant rats to produce progesterone, suggesting that the celiac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovarian axis provides a direct link between the autonomic nervous system and the physiology of pregnancy.{{Fact|date=October 2007}} It has also been shown that modifications in the cholinergic input at the celiac ganglion also led, via the superior ovarian nerve, to modifications in ovarian [[steroidogenesis]].{{Fact|date=October 2007}} Most of the fibers of the superior ovarian nerve come from the postganglionic sympathetic neurons of the celiac ganglion. ==Additional images== <gallery> Image:Gray839.png|Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system. Image:Gray847.png|Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses. Image:Gray849.png|Lower half of right sympathetic cord. </gallery> ==See also== * [[Celiac plexus]] ==External links== * {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|40|10|01|01}} - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: The Celiac Plexus" * {{eMedicineDictionary|Celiac+ganglia}} * {{DartmouthHumanAnatomy|figures/chapter_30/30-5.HTM}} * {{DartmouthHumanAnatomy|figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM}} * {{GeorgiaPhysiology|6/6ch2/s6ch2_30}} {{Gray's}} {{Autonomic}} [[Category:Nervous system]] [[de:Ganglion celiacum]] [[hu:Ganglion coeliacum]]