Central retinal artery
2182837
200902585
2008-03-25T21:49:33Z
Thijs!bot
1392310
robot Adding: [[nds:Arteria centralis retinae]]
{{Infobox Artery |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Latin = arteria centralis retinae |
GraySubject = 146 |
GrayPage = 571 |
Image = Gray514_updated.png |
Caption = The [[ophthalmic artery]] and its branches. (Central retinal artery visible at center.) |
Image2 = Gray879.png |
Caption2 = Interior of posterior half of bulb of left eye. The veins are darker in appearance than the arteries. (Central retinal artery visible but not labeled.) |
BranchFrom = [[ophthalmic artery]] |
BranchTo = |
Vein = [[central retinal vein]] |
Supplies = [[retina]] |
MeshName = Retinal+Artery |
MeshNumber = A07.231.114.765 |
DorlandsPre = a_61 |
DorlandsSuf = 12153778 |
}}
The '''central retinal artery''' ('''retinal artery''') branches off the [[ophthalmic artery]], running inferior to the [[optic nerve]] within its [[dura|dural]] sheath to the [[eyeball]].
==Course==
It pierces the optic nerve close to the eyeball, sending branches over the internal surface of the [[retina]], and these terminal branches are the only blood supply to the larger part of it.
The central part of the retina where the light rays are focussed after passing through the [[pupil]] and the [[Lens (anatomy)|lens]] is a circular area called the [[macula]]. The center of this circular area is the [[fovea]]. The fovea and a small area surrounding it are not supplied by the central retinal artery or its branches, but instead by the [[choroid]].
==Supplies==
The central retinal artery still supplies all the nerve fibers that form the optic nerve that carries the visual information to the [[occipital lobe]] [[cerebral cortex]], including those that reach over the fovea.
==Pathology==
Thus if the central retinal artery gets occluded, there is complete loss of vision in that eye even though the fovea is not affected. The entire retina (with the exception of the fovea) becomes pale and swollen and opaque while the central fovea still appears reddish (this is because the choroid color shows through). This is the basis of the famous "Cherry red spot" seen on examination of the retina on funduscopy of a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).
In some cases - approximately 20% of the population - there is a branch of the ciliary circulation called the cilio-retinal artery which supplies the retina between the macula and the optic nerve, including the nerve fibers from the foveal [[photoreceptors]]. If this artery is present, the central vision will be preserved even in case of CRAO.
==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Gray869.png|Horizontal section of the eyeball.
Image:Gray880.png|The terminal portion of the optic nerve and its entrance into the eyeball, in horizontal section.
</gallery>
==External links==
* [http://www.suncoastretina.com/images/illustrations/CRA.jpg Diagram at suncoastretina.com]
* {{eMedicine|emerg|777}} ("Retinal artery occlusion")
* {{eMedicineDictionary|Central+retinal+artery}}
{{circulatory-stub}}
{{eye-stub}}
{{Arteries of head and neck}}
[[Category:Arteries]]
[[Category:Eye]]
[[de:Arteria centralis retinae]]
[[nds:Arteria centralis retinae]]