Chalcedon 154245 224833420 2008-07-10T16:54:36Z 213.70.217.172 {{unsourced|article|date=December 2007}} :''For the Ecumenical Council of 451, see [[Council of Chalcedon]]; For the religious/political organization, see [[Chalcedon Foundation]].'' '''Chalcedon''' (Χαλκηδών, sometimes [[transliteration|transliterated]] as ''Chalkedon'') was an ancient maritime town of [[Bithynia]], in [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]], almost directly opposite [[Byzantium]], south of [[Üsküdar|Scutari]] (modern Üsküdar). Today, in modern [[Turkish language|Turkish]], Chalcedon is called [[Kadıköy]], a district of [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]. [[Image:REmpire-29 Bithynia.png|300px|right|thumb|Bithynia as a province of the [[Roman Empire]], 120 AD]] It was a [[Megara|Megarian]] colony founded on a site that was viewed at the time as so obviously inferior to that which was within view on the opposite shore, that it received from the oracle the name of "the City of the Blind". In its early history it shared the fortunes of Byzantium, was taken by the [[satrap]] Otanes, vacillated long between the [[Sparta|Lacedaemonian]] and the [[Athens|Athenian]] interests, and was at last bequeathed to the [[Roman Republic]] by [[Attalus III]] of [[Pergamum]] ([[133 BC]]). It was partly destroyed by [[Mithridates]], but recovered during the Empire, and in [[361]] AD it was the location of the [[Chalcedon tribunal]], where [[Julian the apostate]] brought his enemies to trial. In [[451]] AD was the location of the [[Council of Chalcedon]]. It fell under the repeated attacks of the [[barbarian]] hordes who crossed over after having ravaged Byzantium, and furnished an encampment to the [[Persian Empire|Persians]] under [[Khosrau II of Persia|Chosroes]], c. [[616]]&ndash;[[626]]. The [[Ottoman Turks|Turks]] used it as a quarry for building materials for [[Constantinople]]. To the south are the ruins of [[Panteichion]] (mod. Pendik), where [[Belisarius]] is said to have lived in retirement. The name of the mineral [[chalcedony]] is derived from that of this town. It is a [[titular see]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03554a.htm Chalcedon] - [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] article</ref> == Notable people == *[[Boethus]] ([[2nd century BC]]) Greek sculptor ==See also== *[[List of traditional Greek place names]] ==References== <references/> {{coor title dm|40|59|N|29|02|E|type:city}} [[Category:Greek mythology]] [[Category:Megarian colonies]] [[Category:Ancient Greek cities]] Chalcedon is also spelled as 'Calchedon' (in [[Xenophon]]'s [[Hellenica]] and [[Arrian]]'s ''Anabasis''). [[bg:Халкедон]] [[ca:Calcedònia]] [[cs:Chalkedon]] [[cy:Chalcedon]] [[de:Chalcedon (Stadt)]] [[el:Χαλκηδόνα]] [[fr:Chalcédoine]] [[it:Calcedonia]] [[he:כלקדון]] [[nl:Chalcedon]] [[no:Kalkedon]] [[pl:Chalkedon]] [[ru:Халкидон]] [[sv:Chalcedon]] [[tr:Kalkedon]]