Chant 454961 224682934 2008-07-09T23:17:24Z 70.128.172.243 {{otheruses}} '''Chant''' (from [[Old French]] ''chanter''<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=chant Online Etymology Dictionary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) is the [[rhythm]]ic speaking or [[singing]] of [[word]]s or [[sound]]s, often primarily on one or two [[pitch (music)|pitch]]es called [[reciting tone]]s. Chants may range from a simple [[melody]] involving a limited set of [[note (music)|note]]s to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of [[repetition]] of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and [[Offertory|Offertories]] of [[Gregorian chant]]. Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the later Middle Ages some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).{{Fact|date=February 2007}} {{listen|filename=Pange Lingua Latin in Latin.ogg|title=Pange Lingua sung in Latin|description=The [[Latin]] text of [[Pange Lingua]] sung to its traditional melody, mode iii [[Gregorian chant]].}} ==Chant as a spiritual practice== Chanting the Name of God/Spirit is a spiritual practice that is commonly used. Chants form part of many religious [[ritual]]s, and diverse spiritual traditions consider chant a route to spiritual development. Some examples include chant in [[Africa]]n and [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] cultures, [[Gregorian chant]], [[Vedic chant]], Jewish liturgical music (chazzanut), [[Qur'an reading]], [[Bahá'í Faith|Baha'i]] chants, various [[Buddhist chant]]s, various [[mantra]]s, and the chanting of [[psalms]] and prayers especially in [[Roman Catholic]], [[Eastern Orthodox]], [[Lutheran]] and [[Anglican]] churches (see [[Anglican Chant]]). [[Tibetan Buddhist]] chant involves [[throat singing]], where multiple pitches are produced by each performer. The concept of chanting [[mantra]]s is of particular significance in many [[Hindu]] traditions and other closely related [[Dharmic Religions]]. For example, the [[Hare Krishna]] movement is based especially on the chanting of [[Sanskrit]] [[Names of God]]. Japanese ''[[Shigin]]'' (詩吟), or 'chanted poetry', mirrors [[Zen]] principles and is sung from the [[gut]] — the locus of power in Zen [[Buddhism]]. ==Other uses of chant== Chants are used in a variety of settings from ritual to recreation. Supporters or players in [[sports]] contests may use them (see [[football chant]]). Warriors in ancient times would chant a [[battle cry]]. They are also used on protests, and are widely adapted with only a few words changed between topic. Chants are the main form of communication used by Auctioneers in the auction industry, in what is known as the [[auction chant]] or bid calling. Recently, musical genres such as [[Hardcore punk|Hardcore]], [[Grindcore]], and other aggressive forms of music have adopted this concept. Many times during a 'breakdown' (the segment of the song where the time signature is half counted or significantly slowed in some way). The singer will recite a chant, the object of this is to get everyone involved and create a feeling of passion throughout the room causing overall reaction to the music, including pits, to be more intense. [[Rap music]], which is primarily spoken rather than sung, depends heavily on a highly rhythmic delivery with many elements of chant, particularly in chorus sections. Chanting is also popular in film and Video Game scores, such as the [[The Lord of the Rings film trilogy]] by [[Howard Shore]], [[Star Wars: Episode I: The Phantom Menace]] by [[John Williams]] , [[Ghost in the Shell (film)|Ghost in the Shell]] by [[Kenji Kawai]] or [[King Kong vs Godzilla]] by [[Akira Ifukube]], or in the case of games, the [[Halo (series)]] of First Person Shooters by [[Martin O'Donnell]] and [[Michael Salvatori]]. ==References== <references /> ==See also== *[[Hymns]] *[[Lyoba]] *[[Mantra]] *[[Japa]] *[[Grindcore]] *[[Hardcore punk]] ==External links== {{Wiktionary}} <!--===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})===============================--> <!--| DO NOT ADD MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A COLLECTION OF |--> <!--| LINKS. If you think that your link might be useful, do not add it here, |--> <!--| but put it on this article's discussion page first or submit your link |--> <!--| to the appropriate category at the Open Directory Project (www.dmoz.org)|--> <!--| and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. |--> <!--| |--> <!--| Links that have not been verified WILL BE DELETED. |--> <!--| See [[Wikipedia:External links]] and [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details |--> <!--===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})===============================--> *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06779a.htm Gregorian Chant] (newadvent.org) *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3480049.stm BBC Story on UN] (bbc.co.uk) *[http://www.vedamu.org A site about Vedic chants] (vedamu.org) *[http://www.krishna.com/main.php?id=316 Guidance on Chanting Hare Krishna] (krishna.com) *[http://www.japagroup.blogspot.com Japa Group - discussing all aspects of chanting Hare Krsna Japa] *[http://www.japaroom.com Japa Room - A friendly and constructive way to improve your Japa online in an audio/visual chatroom environment] *[http://www.spiritualresearchfoundation.org/aboutspiritualresearch/chanting/ Chanting as spiritual practice] by Spiritual Science Research Foundation *[http://Buddhism.2be.net/Pali_Chanting Traditional Buddhist Chants (Texts and Audio) as in the Buddhist Encyclopedia] <br> {{Chant}} [[Category:Chants| ]] [[cs:Chorál]] [[de:Chanting]] [[hr:Pojanje]] [[nl:Chant]] [[no:Messe (talemåte)]] [[nn:Messing]] [[pl:Chant]] [[simple:Chant]] [[sh:Pojanje]]