Chapel
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robot Adding: [[gl:Capela]] Removing: [[li:Kapel]] Modifying: [[ru:Капелла (часовня)]]
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{{otheruses2|Chapels}}
[[Image:Kaplnka-Mosovce.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Neogothic chapel in [[Mošovce]], [[Slovakia]]]]
[[Image:Chapelle Palatine.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Cappella Palatina]] (illustrated) and [[Palatine Chapel in Aachen]] are two most famous [[palatine chapel]]s of Europe.]]
[[Image:Manezhnaya.jpg|thumb|250px|In [[Russian Orthodox]] tradition, the chapels were built underneath city gates, where most people could visit them. The most famous example is the [[Iverskaya Chapel|Iberian Chapel]].]]
A '''chapel''' is a holy place or area of [[worship]] for [[Christians]], which may be attached to an institution such as a large [[church]], a [[college]], a [[hospital]], a [[palace]], a [[prison]] or a [[cemetery]], or may be free-standing and unattached to another building. <ref> http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia </ref>
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Architecturally, a chapel may be a part of a large church set aside for some specific use or purpose: for instance, many cathedrals and large churches have a "Lady Chapel" in the apse, dedicated to [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Saint Mary]]; parish churches may have such a "Lady Chapel" in a side aisle, or a "Blessed Sacrament Chapel" where the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist are kept between services, for the purpose of taking Holy Communion to the sick and housebound and, in some Christian traditions, for devotional purposes.
In Roman Catholic Canon Law a chapel, technically called an "[[oratory (worship)|oratory]]" is a space dedicated to the celebration of services, particularly the Mass, which is not a parish church. This may be a private chapel, for the use of one person or a select group (a bishop's private chapel, or the chapel of a convent, for instance); a semi-public oratory, which is partially available to the general public (a seminary chapel that welcomes visitors to services, for instance); or a public oratory (for instance, a hospital or university chapel).
The word chapel is in particularly common usage in England, and even more so in Wales, for many non-Anglican Protestant church buildings; and in Scotland and Ireland many ordinary Roman Catholic churches are known to locals as "the chapel".
Chapels may be non-denominational when part of a non-religious institution. However in England, where the [[Anglican Communion|Anglican Church]] is established by law, even chapels which are in use by multiple denominations or even different religions (such as hospital or prison chapels) are usually consecrated by the local Anglican bishop when constructed.
==History==
The earliest Christian places of worship are now often referred to as chapels, as they were not dedicated buildings but rather a dedicated [[chamber]] within a building, such as a room in an individual's home.
The word "chapel" is derived from a [[relic]] of [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin of Tours]]: traditional stories about Martin relate that while he was still a soldier, he cut his military cloak in half to give part to a beggar in need. The other half he wore over his shoulders as a "small cape" ([[Latin]] ''capella''). The beggar, the stories claim, was Christ in disguise, and Martin experienced a conversion of heart, becoming first a monk, then abbot, then bishop. This cape came into the possession of the [[Franks|Frankish]] kings, and they kept the relic with them as they did battle. The tent which kept the cape was called the ''capella'' and the priests who said daily [[mass (liturgy)|Mass]] in the tent were known as the ''capellani''. From these words we get the names "chapel" and "[[chaplain]]".
This appears as well in the [[Irish language]] in the Middle Ages, as Welsh people came with the [[Normans|Norman]] and [[Old English (Ireland)|Old English]] invaders to the island of [[Ireland]]. While the traditional Irish word for church was ''éaglais'' (derived from ''ecclesia'') a new word, ''ceipéal'' (from ''cappella'') came into usage.
In [[England|English]] history, "chapel" was formerly the required designation of the churches of [[nonconformism|nonconformist]] faiths, which is to say, any [[Protestantism|Protestant]] churches outside of the [[establishment of religion|established]] [[Church of England]]. It is a word particularly associated with religious practice in [[Wales]] and rural regions of England. As a result, "chapel" is sometimes used as an adjective in the UK to describe any non-Anglican Protestant ("I'm Chapel.").
===Proprietary chapels===
A proprietary chapel is one that belongs to a private person. They are anomalies to the English ecclesiastical law, have no parish rights, and can be converted to other than religious purposes, but a clergyman may be licensed there. In the 19th century such proprietary chapels were common, but they had practically ceased to exist by the 20th. There is one in [[Avonwick]] in Devon, and one formerly in London was [[St John's Chapel, Bedford Row]].
==Modern usage==
[[Image:Prayer room Heathrow copyright Kaihsu Tai 20080202.jpg|thumb|right|A prayer room furnished by the airport chapel in [[Heathrow Airport]], London.]]
While the usage of the word "chapel" is not exclusively limited to Christian terminology, it is most often found in that context. Nonetheless, the word's meaning can vary by denomination, and non-denominational chapels (sometimes called "meditation rooms") can be found in many hospitals, airports, and even the United Nations headquarters.
Common uses of the word chapel today include:
*Side Chapels - a chapel within a [[cathedral]] or larger [[church]].
*[[Lady Chapel]]s - these are really a form of side chapel, but have been included separately as they are extremely prevalent in the Roman [[Catholic]] church and the [[Anglican Communion]]. They are dedicated to the [[veneration]] of the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]].
*Ambassador's Chapels - originally created to allow ambassadors from Catholic countries to worship whilst on duty in [[Protestant]] countries.
*Bishop's Chapels - in Anglican and Roman Catholic Canon Law, [[Bishop]]s have the right to have a chapel in their own home, even when travelling (such personal chapels may be granted only as a favor to other priests)
*[[Chapel of ease|Chapels of Ease]] - constructed in large parishes to allow parishioners easy access to a church or chapel.
*Summer chapels - A small church in a resort area that functions only during the summer when vacationers are present.
*Wayside chapels - Small chapels in the countryside
Another usage of the word "chapel", peculiar to some Protestants, is to an event rather than a place. For example, some institutions of learning hold worship services that are referred to simply as "chapel," as in, "I'm going to chapel tonight." {{Fact|date=March 2008}}
==Notable chapels==
[[Image:RiffelalpChapel.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A mountain chapel near [[Zermatt]] in the [[Swiss Alps]].]]
[[Image:Padova-Scrovegni-Kapelle.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Cappella degli Scrovegni in [[Padua]].]]
[[Image:Little chapel, Guernsey (1993).jpg|thumb|200px|right|The Little Chapel in [[Guernsey]].]]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1ex 0 1ex 1ex"
! Chapel !! Year !! Location<br />
|-
| [[Brancacci Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1386]] ||align="center"| Church of [[Santa Maria del Carmine]] in [[Florence]], [[Italy]]
|-
| Cadet Chapel ||align="center"| [[1963]] ||align="center"| [[United States Air Force Academy]], [[Colorado Springs]], [[USA]]
|-
| [[Contarelli Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1585]] ||align="center"| [[San Luigi dei Francesi]] in [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
|-
| [[Duke Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1930]] ||align="center"| [[Duke University]], [[Durham]], [[USA]]
|-
| [[Eton College Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1440-c1460]] ||align="center"| [[Eton College]], [[Eton, Berkshire]], [[England]]
|-
| [[Heinz Memorial Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1938]] ||align="center"| [[University of Pittsburgh]], [[Pittsburgh]], [[USA]]
|-
| [[King's College Chapel, Cambridge]] ||align="center"| [[1446]] ||align="center"| [[Cambridge University]], [[Cambridge]], [[England]]
|-
| [[Lee Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1867]] ||align="center"| [[Washington and Lee University]], [[Lexington, Virginia]], [[USA]]
|-
| [[Magi Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1459]]-[[1461]] ||align="center"| [[Palazzo Medici Riccardi]] in [[Florence]], [[Italy]]
|-
|[[Medici Chapels]]||align="center"|16th-17th centuries||align="center"|[[Basilica di San Lorenzo di Firenze|Basilica of San Lorenzo]], [[Florence]], [[Italy]]
|-
| [[Naval Academy Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1908]] ||align="center"| [[United States Naval Academy]], [[Annapolis]], [[USA]]
|-
|[[Niccoline Chapel]]||align="center"|[[1447]]-[[1449]]||Align="Center"|[[Vatican Palace]], [[Vatican City]]
|-
| [[Palatine Chapel in Aachen|Palatine Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[786]] ||align="center"| [[Aachen Cathedral]], [[Aachen]], [[Germany]]
|-
| [[Cappella Palatina|Palatine Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1132]] ||align="center"| [[Palazzo dei Normanni]] in [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]], [[Italy]]
|-
| [[Cappella Paolina|Pauline Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1540]] ||align="center"| [[Vatican Palace]], [[Vatican City]]
|-
|[[Pettit Memorial Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1907]] ||align="center"| [[Belvidere, Illinois|Belvidere]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]]
|-
| [[Queen's Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1623]] ||align="center"| [[London]], [[England]]
|-
| [[Rosslyn Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1440]]||align="center"| [[Roslin, Scotland|Roslin]], [[Scotland]]
|-
| [[Rothko Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1964]] ||align="center"| [[Houston]], [[USA]]
|-
| [[Sainte-Chapelle]] ||align="center"| [[1246]] ||align="center"| [[Ile de la Cite|Ile de la Cité]], [[Paris]], [[France]]
|-
|[[Sassetti Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1470]]||align="center"| [[Santa Trinita]], [[Florence]]
|-
| [[Sistine Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1473]] ||align="center"| [[Apostolic Palace]], [[Vatican City]]
|-
| [[St. George’s Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1348]] ||align="center"| [[Windsor Castle]], [[England]]
|-
| [[St. Joan of Arc Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[15th Century]] ||align="center"| Relocated to [[Marquette University]], [[Milwaukee]], [[USA]]
|-
| [[St. Paul's Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1766]] ||align="center"| [[New York, New York|New York]], [[USA]]
|-
| [[Chapelle du Saint-Marie du Rosaire]] ||align="center"| [[1949]] ||align="center"| [[Vence]], [[France]]
|-
| [[Monza Cathedral|Theodelinda Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[15th century]] ||align="center"| [[Monza]] Cathedral, [[Italy]]
|-
| [[Thorncrown Chapel]] ||align="center"| [[1980]]||align="center"| [[Eureka Springs]], [[United States of America|USA]]
|}
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==The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints==
[[Image:LDS_Chapel.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The chapel in the [[Joseph Smith Memorial Building]] in [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah]] is unusual in that it is in a downtown office building, it still follows the standard design of LDS chapels throughout the world.]]
{{Commons|Chapel|Chapels}}
In [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], chapels are local church buildings (alternately referred to as "meetinghouses"). {{Fact|date=February 2007}} Most LDS chapels since the 1970's have been built on standard plans for reasons of economy and tend to resemble one another. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} A typical chapel will include rooms set aside for [[Sacrament meeting|Sacrament Meetings]] (the "chapel" proper), [[Sunday School]] classes, and [[Priesthood (Mormonism)|Priesthood]] and [[Relief Society]] meetings, as well as offices for local clerical leadership, a baptismal font, and often a kitchen and a recreational area. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} Individual church design is altered according to congregational need, but these meetinghouses will still display far greater architectural commonalities than those within most other Christian denominations.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
Chapels should not be confused with [[Temple (Mormonism)|temples]], which are used for different functions within the Church. Chapels host regular worship services and other functions for the congregation and guests during the week, whereas temples are used for limited, specific ceremonies that are attended only by faithful Church members. -->
==See also==
*In Britanny (France) each village even very small, has is own chapel. Nowadays, they are only in service once a year for the local "pardon" which celebrates the saint to whom the chapel is dedicated. To permit some pretty of them to be better known, in the area of Pontivy, each summer, modern art is presented in a twenty of chapels. See details on : [http://www.artchapelles.com]
*[[Church (building)]]
*[[Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy|Sacri Monti]]
*[[Corpse road]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Chapels| ]]
[[Category:Types of churches]]
[[Category:Canon law]]
[[bg:Параклис]]
[[ca:Capella (arquitectura)]]
[[ceb:Chapelles]]
[[cs:Kaple]]
[[da:Kapel]]
[[de:Kapelle (Kirchenbau)]]
[[el:Παρεκκλήσιο]]
[[es:Capilla]]
[[eo:Kapelo]]
[[fr:Chapelle]]
[[gl:Capela]]
[[it:Cappella]]
[[he:קפלה]]
[[lb:Kapell]]
[[lt:Koplyčia]]
[[hu:Kápolna]]
[[nl:Kapel (gebouw)]]
[[ja:チャペル]]
[[no:Kapell]]
[[nrm:Capelle]]
[[pl:Kaplica]]
[[pt:Capela]]
[[ru:Капелла (часовня)]]
[[simple:Chapel]]
[[sk:Kaplnka]]
[[fi:Kappeli]]
[[sv:Kapell (byggnad)]]
[[tr:Şapel]]