Charles, Prince of Wales 125248 226010095 2008-07-16T12:45:18Z Proteus 21902 /* Created Prince of Wales */ grammar {{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}} {{redirect|Prince Charles|other people known as Prince Charles|Prince Charles (disambiguation)}} {{redirect|The Prince of Wales|other people known as Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales}} {| style="float:right;" |{{Infobox British Royalty|royal | name =Charles | title =Prince of Wales; [[Scotland]]: Duke of Rothesay | image =Charles, Prince of Wales.jpg | imgw =220 | spouse =[[Lady Diana Spencer]] (1981&ndash;1996)<!-- THESE DATES ARE THOSE OF THE ROYAL MARRIAGE - i.e. FROM THEIR WEDDING TO THEIR DIVORCE! --><br>[[Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall|Camilla Shand]] (2005&ndash;) | issue =[[Prince William of Wales]]<br />[[Prince Henry of Wales]] | full name =Charles Philip Arthur George<ref name="sur">As a titled royal, Charles holds no surname, but, when one ''is'' used, it is '''[[Mountbatten-Windsor]]''', although, according to letters patent dated February 1960, his official surname was '''[http://www.heraldica.org/faqs/britfaq.html#p2-1 Windsor]'''</ref> | titles =''HRH'' The Prince of Wales<br />''HRH'' The Duke of Rothesay<br />''HRH'' The Duke of Cornwall<br />''HRH'' Prince Charles of Edinburgh | royal house =[[House of Windsor]] | father =[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] | mother =[[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] | date of birth = {{Birth date and age|1948|11|14|df=yes}} | place of birth =[[Buckingham Palace]], [[London]] | date of christening =[[15 December]] [[1948]] | place of christening =[[Buckingham Palace]], [[London]] |}} |- |{{British Royal Family}} |- |} '''The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales''' ('''Charles Philip Arthur George''';<ref name="sur" /> born [[14 November]] [[1948]]), is the eldest son of [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]. He has held the title of [[Prince of Wales]] since 1958, and is [[Style (manner of address)|styled]] "His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales", except in [[Scotland]], where he is styled "His Royal Highness The Prince Charles, [[Duke of Rothesay]]". The title "[[Duke of Cornwall]]" is often used for the Prince in relation to [[Cornwall]]. Charles is [[Heir Apparent]], equally and separately, to the [[throne]]s of sixteen sovereign states known as the [[Commonwealth realm]]s; he will most likely reside in and be directly involved with the [[United Kingdom]]. He will not, however, necessarily inherit the title [[Head of the Commonwealth]].<ref>[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/150757/head_of_the_commonwealth/ The Commonwealth Secretariat]</ref> Though the Prince is first in line to the thrones, in the [[United Kingdom order of precedence]] he is third, after his parents, and is typically fourth or fifth in other realms' precedence orders, following his mother, the relevant [[Viceroy|vice-regal]] representative(s), and his father. The Prince of Wales is well known for his extensive charity work, particularly for [[The Prince's Trust]], [[The Prince's Drawing School]], [[The Prince's Regeneration Trust]], and [[The Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment]]. He also carries out a full schedule of royal duties and, increasingly, is taking on more duties from his elderly parents as official representative of the Queen and deputy for his father.<ref name="News">[http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22659353-401,00.html Miranda, Charles; ''News.com.au'':Prince Philip 'deteriorating rapidly'; [[28 October]], [[2007]]]</ref> The Prince is also well known for his marriages to the late [[Diana, Princess of Wales]] and, subsequently, to [[Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall]]. ==Birth== Prince Charles was born on [[14 November]] [[1948]] at [[Buckingham Palace]], [[London]], [[England]], son of the then Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, (now [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]]) and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|The Duke of Edinburgh]], and the first grandchild and grandson of [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] and [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Elizabeth]]. Prince Charles was baptised in the Music Room of [[Buckingham Palace]] on [[15 December]] [[1948]], by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], Dr [[Geoffrey Fisher]]. The Prince's godparents were: his maternal grandfather [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]], his maternal-line great-grandmother [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary the Queen Mother]], his maternal aunt [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]], his paternal-line great-grandmother [[Princess Victoria of Hesse and the Rhine|the Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven]], his maternal-line great-uncle [[David Bowes-Lyon]], his father's cousin [[Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma|Lady Brabourne]], his grandfather's cousin King [[Haakon VII of Norway]] (for whom the [[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone|Earl of Athlone]] stood proxy), and his paternal-line great-uncle [[Prince George of Greece]] (for whom Prince Philip stood proxy). Under [[letters patent]] issued by the Prince's great grandfather, King [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]], the title of a [[British prince]] or princess and the style "[[Royal Highness]]" was only available to the children and grandchildren in the male-line of the sovereign, and children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales. As Charles was a female-line grandchild of the sovereign, he would have taken his title from his father, the Duke of Edinburgh, and would have been [[Courtesy title|styled by courtesy]] as [[Earl of Merioneth]]. However, the title of Prince and Princess, with the style Royal Highness, was granted to all the children of Princess Elizabeth and Philip by [[letters patent]] of George VI on [[22 October]] [[1948]]. In this way the children of the [[heiress presumptive]] had a royal and princely status not thought necessary for the children of King [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI's]] other daughter, [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]]. Thus, from birth Charles was known as "His Royal Highness Prince Charles of Edinburgh". ==Early life== In 1952, his mother assumed the throne, becoming Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], immediately making Prince Charles the [[Duke of Cornwall]], under a charter of King [[Edward III of England|Edward III]], which gave that title to the sovereign's eldest son, and was then referred to as "His Royal Highness The Duke of Cornwall". He also became, in the Scottish Peerage, [[Duke of Rothesay]], Earl of Carrick and Baron of Renfrew, [[Lord of the Isles]], and [[Prince of Scotland|Prince and Great Steward of Scotland]]. He attended his mother’s coronation at [[Westminster Abbey]], sitting with his grandmother, [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother]] and his aunt, [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|The Princess Margaret]]. The Duke of Cornwall was now the heir apparent to the thrones of sixteen countries. ===School=== As with royal children before him, a [[governess]], [[Catherine Peebles]], was appointed to look after the Prince; the governess was responsible for educating the Prince between the ages of 5 and 8. In a break with tradition, Buckingham Palace announced in 1955 that the Prince would attend school, rather than have a private tutor; making Charles the first heir apparent to do so. He first attended [[Hill House School]] in West London, and later the [[Cheam School|Cheam Preparatory School]] in [[Berkshire]], which the Duke of Edinburgh had also attended. The Prince finished his education at [[Gordonstoun]], a private boarding school in the north east of [[Scotland]]. It is often reported that the Prince despised his time at the school, where he was a frequent target for bullies—"[[Colditz]] in [[kilt]]s" he reportedly said. The Prince would later send his own children to [[Eton College]], rather than Gordonstoun. In 1966 Charles spent two terms at the Timbertop campus of [[Geelong Grammar School]] in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]] during which time he visited [[Papua New Guinea]] on a history trip with his tutor Michael Collins Persse. On his return to Gordonstoun he followed in his father's footsteps by becoming [[Head Boy]]. In 1967 he left Gordonstoun with two [[Advanced Level (UK)|A levels]], in History and French. ===University=== Traditionally, the heir to the throne would go straight into the military after finishing school. However, in another break with tradition, Charles attended [[university]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], on the recommendation of [[Robin Woods]], [[Dean of Windsor]], who himself was a former student of the college. He was admitted despite only gaining a B and a C in his A-levels.<ref>[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/biography/ Biography Page on Prince Charles' Website]</ref> At Trinity, he read [[anthropology]] and [[archaeology]], and later [[history]], earning a [[British undergraduate degree classification|2:2 (lower second class)]] [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree on [[23 June]] [[1970]],<ref name="powedu">[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/biography/education/index.html Prince of Wales - Education]</ref> making Charles the third member of the Royal Family to earn a university degree. For one term he also attended the Old College, part of the [[University of Wales, Aberystwyth]], where he studied the [[Welsh language]] and Welsh history. The intention was specifically to learn the Welsh language, and as such he was the first English-born Prince (of Wales) ever to make a serious attempt to do so. He subsequently learnt enough to be able to deliver his investiture speech in Welsh. On [[2 August]] [[1975]],<ref name="powedu" /> per [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge tradition]], the Prince was awarded an [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|MA (Cantab)]] degree. ==Created Prince of Wales== [[Image:Charles investiture.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Queen Elizabeth II formally invests The Prince of Wales with the [[Crown of Charles, Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales crown]].]] Prince Charles was created [[Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] on [[26 July]] [[1958]],<ref name="pow">[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/abouttheprince/previousprincesofwales/ Princes of Wales's site on previous PoWs]</ref> though his actual [[investiture]] did not take place until [[1 July]] [[1969]]. This was a ceremony with symbolically political overtones, held at [[Caernarfon]] Castle in north [[Wales]]. The ceremony at Caernarfon has traditionally been associated with the subjugation of Welsh people since the 13th century, when [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] deposed the last native Prince of Wales, [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]].{{fact|date=October 2007}} Previous investitures had taken place at various locations, including the [[Palace of Westminster]], the seat of Parliament. The Welsh borough of [[Swansea]] was granted [[city status in the United Kingdom|city status]] to mark the occasion. The investiture also aroused considerable hostility among many Welsh people, and some were under constant police surveillance and were the subject of much intimidation from the secret services. Threats of violence ensued and a short bombing campaign, although these acts were generally more related to the greater nationalist campaign for Welsh independence. The nationalist campaign against the investiture culminated with an attempted bombing of the royal train by two members of the [[Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru]] as it passed through [[Abergele]] on the eve of the investiture, resulting in the two bombers' deaths. In the late 1970s, the Prince of Wales established another first when he became the first member of the Royal Family since King [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] to attend a British cabinet meeting, being invited to attend by Labour Prime Minister [[James Callaghan]] so as to see the workings of cabinet government at first hand. [[Image:Prince Charles arrives at Andrews Air Force Base in the United States, 1981.jpg|thumb|right|Charles during a visit to the United States in 1981.]] In the early 1980s, Charles privately expressed an interest in becoming [[Governor-General of Australia]]. Commander Michael Parker explained: "The idea behind the appointment was for him to put a foot on the ladder of monarchy, or being the future King and start learning the trade". However, nothing came of the proposal due to the intervention of Governor-General Sir John Kerr in the 1975 constitutional crisis. The Prince accepted the decision of his mother's Australian ministers, if not without some regret; he reportedly stated: "What are you supposed to think when you are prepared to do something to help and you are told you are not wanted?"<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/time/episodes/ep1.htm Australian Broadcasting Corporation: Time Frame; We Did But See Them Passing By]</ref> The British expert in [[Romania]]n politics and history and ''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]'' editor Tom Gallagher,<ref>[http://www.rri.ro/index.php?lmb=4&art=14003 "The Balkans In The New Millennium," Radio Romania International]</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=tom+gallagher+romania+site%3Abritannica.com Encyclopaedia Britannica articles] on [[Romania]] by Tom Gallagher - Google results</ref> wrote that Charles was offered the Romanian throne, supposedly by Romanian monarchists; an offer that he reportedly turned down.<ref>{{ro icon}} [http://www.romanialibera.ro/a77231/acarul-paun-european.html "The European Scapegoat," by Tom Gallagher, Romania Libera, [[30 June]] [[2006]]]</ref><ref>{{ro icon}} [http://www.libertatea.ro/index.php?section=articole&screen=stire&sid=163329 "Prince Charles Bought A House among The Gypsies," Libertatea, [[24 September]] [[2006]]]</ref> If he ascends to his mother's [[Commonwealth realm|throne]] after [[18 September]] [[2013]], the Prince, who turned 59 in November 2007, would become the oldest successor to do so. Only [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] was older than Charles is now when he became monarch of the United Kingdom. He is both the third-longest serving heir apparent and third-longest serving Prince of Wales in British history, in each case behind [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]] and [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]]. The Prince will be the first Commonwealth realms monarch to be descended from [[Queen Victoria]] through two lines: from his mother's side through Edward VII, [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]] and [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]]; and through his paternal grandmother, [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]] who is the eldest daughter of [[Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine]], who as a daughter of [[Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine]] is a female line grandchild of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]]. ==Romances== <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Time-magazine-cover-prince-charles.jpg|thumb|right|175px|The Prince of Wales, on the cover of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' in 1978.]] --> The Prince of Wales's love life has always been the subject of speculation and press fodder. In his youth he was linked to a number of women including: Georgiana Russell (daughter of the [[Ambassadors (from United Kingdom to Spain)|British Ambassador to Spain]]); Lady Jane Wellesley (daughter of the [[Arthur Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington|8th Duke of Wellington]]); Davina Sheffield; ''[[Penthouse magazine|Penthouse]]'' model Fiona Watson; the actress [[Susan George (actress)|Susan George]]; [[Lady Sarah McCorquodale|Lady Sarah Spencer]]; [[Archduchess Marie Astrid of Austria|Princess Marie-Astrid of Luxembourg]]; Dale, Baroness Tryon (wife of Anthony Tryon, 3rd Baron Tryon); Janet Jenkins; and divorcée Jane Ward, among others. Irrespective of the truth of the romantic rumours, the hurdles of marriage made some of these matches manifestly implausible. As [[heir apparent]] to the Commonwealth realms' thrones, the Prince of Wales would be expected to father future monarchs; also, like other members of the Royal Family, he was legally obliged to obtain his mother's approval under the Royal Marriages Act before marriage.<ref>Marriage to a [[Roman Catholic]], furthermore, would automatically debar him and the marriage's Catholic issue from succession.</ref> Apart from her support, his choice of a future wife would also need to survive the immense popular interest it would immediately arouse. ===Amanda Knatchbull=== Charles was given written advice on dating and selection of a future consort from his father's "Uncle Dickie", [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis, Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]: {{cquote|In a case like yours, the man should sow his wild oats and have as many affairs as he can before settling down, but for a wife he should choose a suitable, attractive, and sweet-charactered girl before she has met anyone else she might fall for… it is disturbing for women to have experiences if they have to remain on a pedestal after marriage.<ref>{{cite book| last = Junor| first = Penny| title = The Firm: the troubled life of the House of Windsor| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=e_f6-ZPQuKAC&pg=PA72&lpg=PA72&dq=%22sow+his+wild+oats+and+have+as+many+affairs+as+he+can%22&source=web&ots=QUIBPMyIW5&sig=YTst6G_-qsFaAaOw9D7HwYj8jAA#PPA72,M1|accessdate = 2007-05-13| year = 2005| publisher = Thomas Dunne Books| location = New York| isbn =9780312352745| oclc = 59360110|pages = p. 72|chapter = The Duty of an Heir|}}</ref>}} Mountbatten had a unique qualification for offering advice to this particular heir to the throne; he had invited George VI and Queen Elizabeth to visit [[Britannia Royal Naval College|Dartmouth Royal Naval College]] with their daughters on [[22 July]] [[1939]], having also detailed [[Cadet]] Prince Philip of Greece to keep the young Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret company. This was the first recorded meeting of Charles's future parents.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/R/real_lives/prince_philip.html| title = The Real Prince Philip| accessdate = 2007-05-12| last = Edwards| first = Phil| date = 2000-10-31| format = TV documentary| work = Real Lives: channel 4's portrait gallery| publisher = Channel 4}}</ref> Mountbatten began corresponding with Charles about a potential marriage to his granddaughter, Hon. Amanda Knatchbull, early in 1974.<ref>Dimbleby, pp. 204-206</ref> It was at this time he also recommended that the 25 year-old prince get done with his bachelor's experimentation. Charles dutifully wrote to Amanda's mother (who was also his [[godparent|godmother]]), [[Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma|Patricia Brabourne]], about his interest. She replied approvingly, while suggesting that a [[courtship]] was premature.<ref>Dimbleby</ref> Undaunted, four years later Mountbatten obtained an invitation for himself and Amanda to accompany Charles on his planned 1980 tour of [[India]], where Mountbatten had served as last British [[viceroy]] and first Indian [[governor general]]. This time both fathers objected: Philip complained that the Prince of Wales would be eclipsed by his famous uncle. Amanda's father, [[John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne]], warned that a joint visit would rivet media attention on the cousins before they could decide on becoming a couple, potentially dashing the very prospect for which Mountbatten hoped.<ref name=dimbleby_263_265>Dimbleby, pp. 263-265</ref> But before Charles was to depart alone for India, Mountbatten was [[assassination|assassinated]], in August 1979. When Charles returned and proposed marriage to Amanda (who had been with her grandfather when he, her paternal grandmother, and her youngest brother, [[Nicholas Knatchbull|Nicholas]], were fatally wounded) she recoiled from the prospect of becoming a core member of the Royal Family.<ref name=dimbleby_263_265 /> In June 1980, Charles officially turned down [[Chevening|Chevening House]], placed at his disposal since 1974, as his future residence. A [[stately home]] in [[Kent]], Chevening was bequeathed, along with an [[financial endowment|endowment]], to the Crown by the last [[James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope|Earl Stanhope]], Amanda's childless great-uncle, in the hope that Charles would eventually occupy it.<ref>Dimbleby, pp. 299-300</ref> ==First marriage== <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Charles Diana wedding.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Prince and Princess of Wales return to [[Buckingham Palace]] following their wedding in [[St Paul's Cathedral]]. Source: BBCNews archive.]] -->Although Charles first met [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Lady Diana Spencer]] in 1977, while visiting her family's home, [[Althorp]], as the companion of her elder sister [[Lady Sarah McCorquodale|Lady Sarah]], apparently he did not consider her romantically until the summer of 1980. While sitting together on a bale of hay at a friend's barbecue in July, he mentioned Mountbatten's death a year earlier. Diana replied that he had looked forlorn and in need of care during his uncle's funeral. Soon, according to Charles's chosen biographer [[Jonathan Dimbleby]], "without any apparent surge in feeling, he began to think seriously of her as a potential bride."<ref>Dimbleby, p. 279</ref> She accompanied him on visits to the royal estates of [[Balmoral]] and [[Sandringham]], eliciting enthusiastic responses from most of his family members. Although the Queen offered Charles no direct counsel, Amanda Knatchbull's oldest brother, [[Norton Knatchbull, 8th Baron Brabourne|Norton, Lord Romsey]] and his wife, Penny, did. But their objections that Charles did not seem in love with Diana and that she seemed too awestruck by his position, angered him.<ref>Dimbleby, pp. 280-282</ref> Meanwhile, the couple continued dating, amidst constant press speculation and [[paparazzi]] coverage. When Prince Philip told him that the frenzied media focus would injure her reputation if he did not come to a decision about marrying her soon, and realising that Diana met the Mountbatten criteria (and, apparently, the public's) for a proper royal bride, Charles construed his father's advice as a warning to proceed without further delay.<ref>Dimbleby, pp. 281-283</ref> ===Engagement and wedding=== In February 1981, Charles proposed marriage to Diana, she accepted, and when he asked her father, [[John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer|John, the 8th Earl Spencer]], for her hand, he consented. After the [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|British]] and [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Canadian]] [[Privy Council]]s gave their approval for the union &ndash; as the coupling was expected to produce an heir to those countries' thrones &ndash; the [[Queen-in-Council]] gave the legally required assent. On [[29 July]] [[1981]], the couple were married at [[St Paul's Cathedral]] before 3,500 invited guests and an estimated worldwide television audience of 750 million people. All of the Queen's [[Governor-General|Governors-General]], as well as Europe's crowned heads attended (except for [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]], who was advised not to attend because the couple's honeymoon would involve a stop-over in the disputed territory of [[Gibraltar]]). So, too, did most of Europe's elected heads of state, with the exceptions of the [[President of Greece]]<!--Karamanlis was president, not prime minister, at the time. Don't change it.-->, [[Constantine Karamanlis]], who declined to go because Greece's exiled King, [[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine II]], a personal friend of the Prince, had been described in his invitation as "King of the Hellenes",<ref>The use of a deposed monarch's former constitutional title as a [[courtesy title]], though standard internationally, was viewed as unacceptable by the Greek government.</ref> and the [[President of Ireland]], [[Patrick Hillery]], who was advised by [[taoiseach]] [[Charles Haughey]] not to attend because of the dispute over the status of [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>The period when the advice was given coincided with a change of government. The new taoiseach, Dr. [[Garret FitzGerald]], indicated that he was unaware of his predecessor's advice. Traditionally Irish presidents and British royalty did not meet publicly because of the Northern Ireland issue. That changed in 1991 when the Duke of Edinburgh and Hillery's successor [[Mary Robinson]] met in what was the first of a constant series of meetings between presidents and royals.</ref> By marriage to the [[heir apparent]], Lady Diana received both the title of the [[Princess of Wales]] and the [[Style (manner of address)|style]] of "Her Royal Highness". The couple made their home at [[Highgrove]], near [[Tetbury]] in [[Gloucestershire]] and at [[Kensington Palace]]. Almost immediately, the Princess of Wales became a star attraction, chased by the ''[[paparazzi]]'', her every move closely followed by millions. [[Image:British coin 25p (1981) reverse.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Charles and Diana's wedding commemorated on a 1981 British [[British twenty-five pence coin|twenty-five pence coin]].]] ===Problems and separation=== However, the marriage soon became troubled. The continued presence of [[Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall|Camilla Parker-Bowles]] in the events and circumstances of the couple became intolerable to the Princess. Allies of the Prince who spoke publicly, if anonymously, against the Princess alleged that Her Royal Highness was unstable and temperamental; one by one she apparently sacked each of the Prince of Wales's longstanding staff members and fell out with numerous friends and members of her family &ndash; her [[Edward Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer|father]], her [[Frances Shand Kydd|mother]], her [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|brother]], and [[Sarah, Duchess of York|The Duchess of York]]. The Princess sought counsel outside of the generally acceptable sources of advice, to the chagrin of the palace, and in response to the succor sought by the Prince, responded in kind. The Prince of Wales, too, was blamed for the marital troubles, as he resumed his [[adultery|adulterous]] affair with Camilla Parker-Bowles. Within five years of the wedding, the "fairytale" marriage was already on the brink of collapse. Ironically, the Prince and Princess of Wales were similar in some respects: both had had troubled childhoods, both took their public roles seriously and devoted much of their time to charity work, becoming highly regarded for it; the Princess of Wales notably devoted much time to helping [[AIDS]] sufferers, while the Prince of Wales devoted much effort to marginalised groups in urban centres through [[The Prince's Trust]] charity and to victims of mines. Though they remained publicly a couple, they had effectively separated by the late 1980s, he living in Highgrove, she in Kensington Palace. The media noted their increasing periods apart and their obvious discomfort at being in each other's presence and aired evidence and recriminations of infidelity in the [[news]]. Diana said that "My husband made me feel inadequate in every possible way that each time I came up for air he pushed me down again".<ref> Bradford, Sarah, ''Diana''(2006), p.189</ref> By 1992, it was obvious that the marriage was over in all but name. In December 1992, [[John Major]] announced the couple's formal separation in parliament, and the news media began to take sides in what became known as the [[War of the Waleses]]. In October 1993, Diana wrote to a friend that she believed her husband was now in love with [[Tiggy Legge-Bourke]] and wanted to marry her.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/monarchy/story/0,,2236744,00.html Diana affair over before crash, inquest told] in ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[7 January]] [[2008]] (accessed [[30 January]] [[2008]])</ref> ===Divorce=== The marriage of The Prince and Princess of Wales formally ended in divorce on [[28 August]] [[1996]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/20/newsid_2538000/2538985.stm Charles and Diana Timeline (BBC)]</ref> It had produced two sons, [[Prince William of Wales]], and [[Prince Henry of Wales]], who is known as Harry. ===Death of Diana, Princess of Wales=== [[Diana, Princess of Wales]], was killed in a car crash in [[Paris]] along with her companion [[Dodi Fayed]] and driver [[Henri Paul]] on [[31 August]] [[1997]]. The Prince of Wales was praised by some for his handling of the events and their aftermath,{{Fact|date=July 2007}} in particular his over-ruling of palace [[Protocol (diplomacy)|protocol]] experts (and, indeed, the Queen) who argued that as Diana, Princess of Wales, was no longer a member of the Royal Family, the responsibility for her funeral arrangements belonged to her blood relatives, [[Spencer family|the Spencers]]. The Prince of Wales, against advice, flew to Paris along with Diana's sisters to accompany his ex-wife's body home and insisted that she be given a formal royal funeral; a new category of formal funeral was especially created for her. {{details|Death of Diana, Princess of Wales}} ==Relationship with Camilla Parker Bowles== During a 1994 television interview, Charles admitted that he had committed adultery "once it was clear the marriage had broken down". The timing of the affair's resumption may or may not be accurate by the Prince's account; Prince Charles also held during the same interview that his own father [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|The Duke of Edinburgh]] approved of the taking of a mistress. This assertion was vehemently denied by the Duke, and the implication of condoned adultery caused a significant rift between father and son. It was later confirmed that the third party was Camilla Parker-Bowles. This public confession by Charles resulted in Andrew Parker-Bowles' immediate demand for divorce from Camilla, although he had heretofore remained silent on the subject of his wife's ongoing affair with the Prince. In fact in 1993, the British tabloids got hold of tapes (still unexplained) of a 1989 mobile telephone conversation allegedly between Prince Charles and Camilla, in which Prince Charles expressed regret for all the indignities she endured because of their relationship. That same taped conversation also revealed rather graphic expressions of an undeniable physical relationship between the two.<ref>http://www.textfiles.com/phreak/camilla.txt</ref> After his divorce from Diana, Princess of Wales, The Prince of Wales's relationship with [[Camilla, The Duchess of Cornwall|Camilla]] eventually became openly acknowledged, and she became his unofficial companion. With the death of Diana in 1997, Camilla's gradual emergence in the public eye came to a temporary halt. However, in 1999, after a party celebrating the 50th birthday of Camilla's sister, Annabel Elliott, Charles and Camilla were photographed in public together. Many saw this as a sign that their relationship was now regarded as "official". In a further effort to gain acceptance of the relationship, Camilla met the Queen in June 2000. Eventually in 2003, Camilla moved into Charles's homes at Highgrove and [[Clarence House]], although Buckingham Palace points out that public funds were not used in the decoration of her suites. Marriage remained elusive, with two main issues requiring resolution and acceptance. As future [[Supreme Governor of the Church of England]], the prospect of his marrying Camilla, with whom he had had a relationship while both were married, was seen as controversial by some. Both the Prince and Camilla had divorced their spouses, but as [[Andrew Parker Bowles|her former husband]] was still alive (although re-married to his long-time mistress), her remarriage was likely to be problematic. Over time, opinion &mdash; both public and within the Church &mdash; shifted somewhat to a point where a civil [[marriage]] would be acceptable. ===Second marriage=== On [[10 February]] [[2005]], it was announced by [[Clarence House]]<ref>[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/news/2005/02.feb/marriage.php]</ref> that the Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles would marry on [[8 April]] of that year, in a civil ceremony at [[Windsor Castle]], with a subsequent religious blessing at the castle's [[St. George's Chapel, Windsor|St George's Chapel]]. Subsequently, the location was changed to the [[Guildhall, Windsor]], possibly because of the discovery that Windsor Castle might have to become available for other people's weddings, should theirs be performed there. On Monday [[4 April]], it was announced that the wedding would be delayed for one day to [[9 April]] to allow the Prince of Wales and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the [[funeral of Pope John Paul II]]. It was announced by royal authorities that after the marriage, as the wife of the Prince of Wales, Camilla would be styled "Her Royal Highness The [[Duchess of Cornwall]]", and that, upon the Prince's accession to the thrones, she would not be known as "Queen Camilla", but as "Her Royal Highness The [[Princess consort|Princess Consort]]". This form of address is believed to be based on that used by [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]'s husband [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha|Prince Albert]], who was styled as [[Prince consort|Prince Consort]]. Some constitutional experts, however, believe that the wishes of Camilla and the Prince create a constitutional confusion.{{Fact|date=June 2007}} The British Department of Constitutional Affairs has stated that unless parliament passes legislation dictating her status, Camilla will become Queen Camilla in the United Kingdom upon her husband's succession; as the spouse of the monarch in other [[Commonwealth realm]]s is accorded a courtesy title only, and this is usually that which is used in the United Kingdom, Camilla may not necessarily be styled as Queen in any of her husband's countries beyond the UK. A spokesman for the Prince concedes that the government may have to formalise Camilla's status at the time of the succession. It is also reported that the Prince hopes by the time he succeeds public attitudes will have changed, and Camilla can become Queen.<ref>{{cite news |author=Pierce, Andrew & Gibb, Frances |date=[[14 February]] [[2005]] |title=Camilla might still become Queen |work=The Times |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article514274.ece}}</ref> The Prince of Wales and the [[Camilla, The Duchess of Cornwall|Duchess of Cornwall]] spent their first wedding anniversary in [[Scotland]], where they are styled the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay. {{see|Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles}} ==Personal interests== [[Image:Dubya n royals.jpg|left|thumb|250px|The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall are greeted by President [[George W. Bush]] and First Lady [[Laura Bush]] on a November 2005 visit to the United States.]] The Prince of Wales has a wide array of interests and activities, some of which have not been fully appreciated by the public. His popularity has fluctuated,{{Fact|date=February 2007}} but he is one of the most active Princes of Wales for centuries,{{Fact|date=February 2007}} and has devoted his time and effort to charity work and working with local communities. The Prince is President of eighteen charities, sixteen of which he personally founded. Together these not-for-profit organisations form a loose alliance called [[The Prince's Charities]], which claim to raise over £110 million annually.<ref> [http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/atwork/theprincescharities/ The Prince's Charities web page lists the 21 core charities and provides links to their web sites]</ref> The Prince is also [[Patron]] of over 350 other charities.<ref>[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/patronages/index.html Official list of all the organisations the Prince of Wales is Patron or President of.]</ref> The Prince has ties with at least one associated charity—and sometimes several—in each of his main areas of interest described below. This activity is not confined to the United Kingdom. For example, as heir to the [[Monarchy in Canada|Canadian throne]], he has aimed to use his tours of that country as a way to help draw attention to relevant issues, including youth, the disabled, the environment, the arts, medicine, the elderly, heritage conservation and education.<ref>[http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/special/royalvisit/biography.htm Department of Canadian Heritage: His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales]</ref> {{See|Royal visits to Canada}} The Prince is regarded by some as an effective advocate for the United Kingdom. On a visit to the [[Republic of Ireland]], for example, he delivered a personally researched and written speech on [[Anglo-Irish]] affairs that was warmly received by Irish politicians and the media. ===Alternative medicine=== The Prince has long been known to be interested in greater exploration of [[alternative medicine]],<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9D03E6DE163BF93AA35752C0A963948260 Barnaby J Feder, [[9 January]] [[1985]], "More Britons trying holistic medicine", New York Times, retrieved on [[3 August]] [[2007]]. Quotes a speech the Prince made in December 1982 to the British Medical Association]</ref> drawing fire from the medical establishment and those who consider such "[[complementary therapies]]" to be [[pseudoscience]] at best and outright [[fraud]] at worst. In April 2008 [[The Times]] published a letter from Edzard Ernst, Professor of Complementary Medicine asking Prince Charles and his Foundation for Integrated Health to recall two guides that promote "alternative medicine." The letter said "The majority of alternative therapies appear to be clinically ineffective, and many are downright dangerous."[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/alternative_medicine/article3760857.ece] ===Architecture=== Charles has frequently shared his views about the built environment in public forums. In essence, these views might be thought of as being part of the intellectual tradition of English town planning that descends from [[Ebenezer Howard]] and [[Raymond Unwin]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}} The Prince claims to "care deeply about issues such as the environment, architecture, inner-city renewal, and the quality of [[personal life|life]]" and is known for being an advocate of the neo-traditional ideas of architects such as [[Christopher Alexander]] and [[Leon Krier]]. In 1984, he delivered a blistering attack on the profession of [[architecture]] in a speech given to the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]], describing the proposed extension to the National Gallery in London as a "[[monstrous carbuncle]]". Despite criticism from the professional architectural press, he has continued to put forward his views in numerous speeches and articles on traditional urbanism, the need for human scale, concern to restore historic buildings as an integrated element in new developments and [[Sustainable design|green design]]. These ideas are furthered through two of the Prince's Charities in particular: The Prince's Regeneration Trust and The Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment. His Regeneration Through Heritage and Phoenix Trust merged in 2006 to form The Prince's Regeneration Trust, which develops his ideas about historic buildings and heritage-led regeneration by supporting and carrying out exemplar projects. To put his ideas on architecture and [[urban planning]] into practice, the Prince of Wales is developing the village of [[Poundbury]], in [[Dorset]], which is built from a master plan by Krier. Prior to commencing work on Poundbury, Prince Charles published a book and produced a documentary entitled ''A Vision for Britain'', both being critiques of modern architecture. In 1992, he also established [[The Prince of Wales's Institute of Architecture]], and began the publication of a magazine dealing with architecture, but the latter has since ceased independent operation after being merged with another charity to create the [[Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment]] in 2001. Prince Charles assisted with the establishment of a National Trust for the built environment in Canada, after lamenting the unbridled destruction of many of Canada's historic urban cores when in the country in 1996. He offered to help the [[Department of Canadian Heritage]] create a trust modelled after the British National Trust. With the passing of the [[2007 Canadian federal budget|2007 federal budget]] by [[Governor General of Canada|his mother's representative in Canada]], a National Trust was finally fully implemented.<ref>[http://www.torontosun.com/News/Columnists/Copps_Sheila/2007/03/21/3796784.html Copps, Sheila; ''Toronto Sun'': Cheer for Tories' heritage cash; [[21 March]] [[2007]]]</ref> Since 1999, [[Heritage Canada]] has awarded The Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership, given annually to a municipal government that has shown sustained commitment to the conservation of its historic places.<ref>[http://www.heritagecanada.org/eng/services/winners.html#pow The Heritage Canada Foundation: The Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership]</ref> The Prince also has had a particular interest in the Romanian countryside since the 1980s, when, under the rule of the [[Romania Communist Party|Communist]] dictator [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]], Romanian villages were destroyed to move farmers to apartment buildings in cities. Since 1997 he has been visiting Romania regularly and has shown a great personal interest in Romania's Orthodox monasteries<ref>[http://www.evz.ro/article.php?artid=120139 "Miscellaneous," Evenimentul Zilei, [[13 May]], [[2003]]]</ref><ref>[http://www.jurnalul.ro/articol_33799/prince_charles_tours_monasteries_in_southern_romania.html "Prince Charles Tours Monasteries in Southern Romania", Jurnalul National, [[12 May]] [[2005]]]</ref> as well as in the fate of the [[Transylvanian Saxons|Saxon]] villages of [[Transylvania]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1971271.stm BBC News]</ref><ref>[http://www.ihbc.org.uk/context_archive/75/Charles/Charles.html IHBC]</ref> where he purchased a house.<ref>[http://www.blackenterprise.com/yb/ybopen.asp?section=ybrs&story_id=98900022&ID=blackenterprise "A Little Bite of Transylvania," Daily Mail, 10-06-2006]</ref><ref>[http://www.hotnews.ro/articol_58302-Cum-merg-afacerile-printului-Charles-in-Romania.htm "How Are Prince Charles's Romanian Businesses Doing?" (in Romanian), euROpeanul, [[19 October]], [[2006]]]</ref> He is patron to two built environment organisations that are active in Romania: the [[Mihai Eminescu]] Trust,<ref>[http://www.mihaieminescutrust.org/content/nd_standard.asp?n=114 "Prince of Wales - Royal visit, 2006", The "Mihai Eminescu" Trust]</ref> which manages the restoration of Romanian architecture and INTBAU (the International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture, and Urbanism), an advocate of architecture that respects cultural tradition and identity. In November 2005, the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall, visited the [[United States]]. Besides visiting [[Washington D.C.]] and [[President]] [[George W. Bush]], the Prince and Duchess toured southern [[Mississippi]] and [[New Orleans]] to highlight the need for financial assistance in rebuilding these areas damaged by [[Hurricane Katrina]]. Prior to their visit to New Orleans, the Prince received [[National Building Museum]]’s [[Vincent Scully Prize]] in [[Washington D.C.]] The Prince donated $25,000 (£14,000) of the Scully Prize to help restore communities damaged by [[Hurricane Katrina]]. ===Arts=== [[Image:Rsc president prince charles.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Prince of Wales attending a production by the [[Royal Shakespeare Company|RSC]] in December 2007.]] Prince Charles is a [[watercolour]] artist, having exhibited and sold a number of paintings, and a published writer. He is also reportedly a fan of Canadian singer and song writer [[Leonard Cohen]].<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/montreal/story/2006/05/19/qc-cohen20060519.html CBC News: ''Leonard Cohen a wonderful chap: Prince Charles''; [[19 May]] [[2006]]]</ref> Prince Charles is also currently President of the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] and chairs the Company's Annual General Meetings. ===Cars=== The Prince is known to have a keen interest in cars, particularly the British marque [[Aston Martin]]. He has collected numerous Aston models over the years and has tight connections with the brand, so much so that special "Prince of Wales" Edition Aston Martins have been created over the years, sporting his favourite colour and trim combinations. He is a frequent visitor to the factory and its service department, and has been a guest of honour at most of the company's special launch events. ===Canadian First Nations=== As Prince of Wales, Prince Charles has paid seventeen visits to [[Canada]], beginning in 1970. Five years later, while serving aboard [[HMS Hermes (R12)|HMS ''Hermes'']] in Canadian waters, the prince spent a week in the [[Northwest Territories]]; the Canadian North remains an area that holds a special attraction for him. Reflecting the Prince's interest in [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|aboriginal]] peoples, members of the [[First Nations]] community have conferred on him special titles: In [[Winnipeg]], [[Cree]] and [[Ojibway]] students named the Prince "Leading Star" in 1996, and in 2001 he was named ''Pisimwa Kamiwohkitahpamikohk'', or "the sun looks at him in a good way", during his first visit to the province of [[Saskatchewan]]. Charles also meets with aboriginal leaders; sometimes taking time to walk and meditate with tribal elders.<ref name="CMN" /> ===Environment=== The Prince has taken a keen interest in environmental issues, and has taken a leadership role in promoting environmentally sensitive thinking, within business practice as well as urban planning and design. The latter ties in with his Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment. In December 2006, Charles announced plans to make his household's travel plans more eco-friendly. Later, in 2007, he also published in his annual accounts the details of his own [[carbon footprint]], as well as targets for reducing his household's [[Greenhouse gas|carbon emissions]].<ref name="BBCenv" /> That same year, Charles received the 10th annual Global Environmental Citizen Award from [[Harvard Medical School]]'s Centre for Health and the Global Environment, presented by former [[Vice President of the United States|US Vice President]] [[Al Gore]] and actress [[Meryl Streep]]. Eric Chivian, director of the Centre, stated: "For decades The Prince of Wales has been a champion of the natural world... He has been a world leader in efforts to improve energy efficiency and in reducing the discharge of toxic substances on land, and into the air and the oceans".<ref>[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/the_prince_of_wales_is_presented_with_the_10th_global_enviro_1663716754.html The Prince of Wales: ''The Prince of Wales is presented with the 10th Global Environmental Citizen Award in New York''; [[28 January]] [[2007]]]</ref> The Prince's travel to the United States via commercial airliner caused some controversy amongst environmental activists &ndash; with the Plane Stupid climate change action group's campaigner Joss Garman saying: "It is frustrating and disappointing that someone who styles himself as a green leader and should be leading an example, behaves in such a manner when everyone else is doing their best to cut [[Greenhouse gas|emissions]]".<ref name="BBCenv">[http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23390946-details/Charles+'the+hypocrite'+flies+to+Scotland/article.do; [[30 March]] [[2007]]]</ref> The Prince continues to be involved in numerous public events pertaining to the environment.<ref>[http://www.propertyweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=297&storycode=3083480&c=1 Prince to open climate change roadshow that will be rolled out at more than 50 shopping centres.] Laura Chesters, ''Property Week'', [[20 March]] [[2007]].</ref> ===Organic and sustainable agriculture=== The Prince grows and promotes organic food, although he drew some ridicule when he joked about sometimes talking to his house plants.<ref> [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20070308/ai_n18720254 She's a natural] [[The Independent]]; Adams, Guy; [[8 March]] [[2007]]; accessed [[25 June]] [[2007]] </ref> In the early 1980s, the Prince moved to the Highgrove country estate in Gloucestershire, and became increasingly interested in organic farming &ndash; particularly in how to make it more economically viable. This culminated in 1992 with the launch of his own organic brand, Duchy Originals, the name of which reflects his title as the Duke of Cornwall.<ref> [http://www.duchyoriginals.com/public/duchy/ourstory/default.aspx# Duchy - Our Story] Duchy Originals; Accessed 03-08-07 </ref> The company sells a range of more than 200 organic and sustainably produced products, from garden furniture to food. All the profits go to The Prince's Charities Foundation, raising £6 million so far.<ref> [http://www.duchyoriginals.com/public/duchy/charity/ Duchy - Charity and sponsorship] Duchy Originals; Accessed 03-08-07 </ref> He is also patron of [[Garden Organic]] (formerly the Henry Doubleday Research Association), a campaigning UK charity dedicated to promoting organic growing and living. The Prince regularly meets with farmers to discuss their trade. In [[Saskatchewan]] in 2001 the [[Foot-and-mouth disease|foot-and-mouth]] epidemic in the UK prevented Charles from visiting farms, however organic farmers came specifically to meet him at the [[Assiniboia, Saskatchewan|Assiniboia]] town hall.<ref name="CMN" /> He is co-author, with Charles Clover, environment editor of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' (London), of ''Highgrove: An Experiment in Organic Gardening and Farming'', published by [[Simon & Schuster]] in 1993. In 2004, the Prince founded the [[Mutton Renaissance Campaign]], which aims to make [[mutton]] more attractive to Britons and hence support British [[sheep]] farmers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.muttonrenaissance.org.uk/index.php |title= What is The Mutton Renaissance |accessdate=2008-01-23 |format= |work=[[Mutton Renaissance Campaign]] }}</ref> He also called mutton his favorite dish.<ref name="ado">{{cite news |first=R.W. |last=Apple Jr. |title=Much Ado About Mutton, but Not in These Parts |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/29/dining/29mutt.html |work= [[New York Times]] |date=[[29 March]] [[2006]] |accessdate=2008-01-23 |quote=The Prince of Wales recently launched a crusade to reawaken Britain's taste for mutton, which he calls "my favorite dish." }}</ref> ===The Orthodox Church=== Prince Charles is also interested in [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Christianity.<ref>[http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/hrh.htm "Is HRH the Prince of Wales considering entering the Orthodox Church?", Orthodox England on the web, 2002]</ref><ref>[http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/princem.htm THE PRINCE AND THE MOUNTAIN: WHAT PRICE SPIRITUAL FREEDOM? - Orthodox England on the web, 2004]</ref> Each year he spends time in the Orthodox [[monastery|monasteries]] of [[Mount Athos]] in Greece,<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1214522,00.html "Has Prince Charles found his true spiritual home on a Greek rock?", The Guardian, [[12 May]] [[2004]]]</ref> and has also visited monasteries in Romania.<ref>[http://www.evz.ro/article.php?artid=120139 "Miscellaneous," Evenimentul Zilei, [[13 May]] [[2003]]]</ref><ref>[http://www.jurnalul.ro/articol_33799/prince_charles_tours_monasteries_in_southern_romania.html "Prince Charles Tours Monasteries in Southern Romania", Jurnalul National, [[12 May]] [[2005]]]</ref> With his father, [[Prince Philip]], who was born and raised [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]], he is a patron of the "The Friends of Mount Athos" organisation. Prince Charles was also the patron of the "21st International Congress of [[Byzantine]] Studies,"<ref>[http://www.byzantinecongress.org.uk/spons.html 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies]</ref> a forum dedicated to the study of the history and art of the Orthodox [[Byzantine Empire]]. ===Philosophy=== Another of the Prince's greatest areas of interest continues to be [[philosophy]], especially the [[Eastern philosophy|philosophy of Asian and Middle Eastern nations]], as well as so-called [[New Age]] theology. He had a friendship with author Sir [[Laurens van der Post]], whom outsiders called the "guru to Prince Charles", starting in 1977 until van der Post's death in 1996; such was his friendship with van der Post that the author was named [[godparent|godfather]] to [[Prince William of Wales|Prince William]]. In 2006, the Prince praised "that wonderful [[Kabbalah|Kabbalistic]] diagram of the [[Tree of life (Kabbalah)|Tree of Life]]", as expounded by [[Warren Kenton]], a teacher at the [[Temenos Academy]].<ref>{{cite web | work=sacredweb.com | title= Sacred Web Conference: An introduction from His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales |url= http://www.sacredweb.com/conference06/conference_introduction.html| accessdate=2006-01-13}}</ref> In 2008 he wrote, in ''Lighting a Candle: Kathleen Raine and Temenos,'' a short memorial for [[Kathleen Raine]], the Neoplatonist poet, who died in 2003.<ref>''Lighting a Candle: Kathleen Raine and Temenos,'' Temenos Academy Papers, no. 25, pub. [http://www.temenosacademy.org/ Temenos Academy], 2008, pp. 1-7</ref> ===Youth=== The [[Prince's Trust]], which he founded, is a charity that works mainly with young people, offering loans to groups, businesses and people (often in deprived areas) who had difficulty receiving outside support. Fundraising concerts are regularly held for the [[Prince's Trust]], with leading pop, rock, and classical musicians taking part. Charles also supports the FARA Foundation,<ref>[http://www.faracharity.org/ FARA Charity]</ref> which runs Romanian orphanages. During Charles's tour of Canada in 1998, with his two sons, he participated in the ceremonies marking the [[International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]].<ref>[http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/special/royalvisit/biography.htm Department of Canadian Heritage: His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales]</ref> Later, in 2001, he drew attention to youth and education while touring Saskatchewan, where he helped launch the Canadian Youth Business Foundation in Saskatchewan, and he visited Scott Collegiate, an inner-city school in [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]].<ref name="CMN">[http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/summer017.htm Jackson, Michael; ''Canadian Monarchist News'': Saskatchewan Honours Future King; Summer 2001]</ref> ==Military career== On [[8 March]] [[1971]], the Prince flew himself to Royal Air Force (RAF) Cranwell in Lincolnshire, to train as a jet pilot. At his own request, The Prince had received flying instruction from the RAF during his second year at Cambridge. In September 1971, after the passing out parade at Cranwell, the Prince embarked on a naval career, following in the footsteps of his father, grandfather and both his great-grandfathers. The six-week course at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, was followed by service on the guided missile destroyer {{HMS|Norfolk|D21|6}} and two frigates. The Prince qualified as a helicopter pilot, in 1974, before joining 845 Naval Air Squadron, which operated from the Commando carrier {{HMS|Hermes|R12|6}}. On [[9 February]] [[1976]], the Prince took command of the coastal minehunter {{HMS|Bronington|M1115|6}} for his last nine months in the Navy. With both qualification as a helicopter and fighter pilot, the Prince served in both the [[Royal Air Force]] and [[Royal Navy]]. He came to fly the following aircraft: *[[De Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk|Chipmunk]] basic pilot trainer *[[Hawker Siddeley Harrier|Harrier T Mk.4]] V/STOL fighter *[[BAC Jet Provost]] jet pilot trainer *[[Hawker-Siddeley Nimrod|Nimrod]] maritime patrol aircraft *[[F-4 Phantom II]] fighter jet *[[Avro Vulcan]] jet bomber *[[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire]] classic WWII fighter Prince Charles served in the [[Royal Navy]] for five years: * 1971&ndash;72: {{HMS|Norfolk|D21|6}} * 1972&ndash;73: {{HMS|Minerva|F45|6}} * 1974: {{HMS|Jupiter|F60|6}} * 1974&ndash;75: Helicopter flying training at [[RNAS Yeovilton]] * 1975: Pilot with 845 NAS on {{HMS|Hermes|R12|6}} * 1976: Captain, {{HMS|Bronington|M1115|6}} The Prince's involvement as [[Colonel-in-Chief]] of [[Canadian Forces]] regiments permits him to be informed of their activities, and allows him opportunity to pay visits while in Canada or overseas. In 2001, Charles placed a specially-commissioned wreath, made from vegetation taken from [[France|French]] battlefields, at the [[Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]]. The Prince also became patron of [[Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum]] in 1981. The Prince serves as [[Colonel-in-Chief]], [[Air Commodore|Air-Commodore-in-Chief]], or Honorary Air Commodore of various regiments throughout the [[Commonwealth Realm]]s. In the United Kingdom, Prince Charles also holds the ranks of [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] ([[British Army]]), [[Admiral (United Kingdom)|Admiral]] ([[Royal Navy]]) and [[Air Chief Marshal]] ([[Royal Air Force]]), having been promoted to these ranks on his 58th birthday. :''See also: [[List of titles and honours of Charles, Prince of Wales#Honorary military positions|Honorary military positions of Charles, Prince of Wales]] and [[List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage]]'' ==Official residence== The Prince of Wales's official London residence is [[Clarence House]], former London residence of the late [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother]] (the nineteenth century building has undergone major restoration and renovation to equip it for use by him, his wife, and their personal and office staffs). His previous official residence was an apartment in [[St. James's Palace]]. He also has a private estate, [[Highgrove]] in [[Gloucestershire]] and in Scotland he has use of the [[Birkhall]] estate near [[Balmoral Castle]] which was previously owned by Queen Elizabeth. Some previous Princes of Wales resided in [[Marlborough House]]. It is no longer a royal residence. After its last royal resident, [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]]'s widow Queen [[Mary of Teck|Mary]], died in 1953, Queen Elizabeth II gave it to the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth Secretariat]], which has used the building as its headquarters since 1965.[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/34467/marlborough_house/] In 2007, Charles bought a property in [[Carmarthenshire]]. Charles applied for permission to convert his newly-purchased farm, although according to their neighbours the application clearly flouted local planning regulations. The application is pending while a report is drafted on how the changes would affect the local bat population.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/6727951.stm BBC NEWS | Wales | South West Wales | Objection to prince's house plan<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==Titles, styles, honours and arms== {{infobox hrhstyles| image=[[Image:Crown of George, Prince of Wales.svg|100px]]| royal name=The Prince of Wales| dipstyle=[[Royal Highness|His Royal Highness]]| offstyle=Your Royal Highness| altstyle=Sir|}} ===Titles and styles=== * ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Charles of Edinburgh, [[14 November]] [[1948]]–[[6 February]] [[1952]] * ''His Royal Highness'' The Duke of Cornwall, [[6 February]] [[1952]]–[[26 July]] [[1958]]<ref name="pow" /> * ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince of Wales, [[26 July]] [[1958]]<ref name="pow" />– ** in Scotland, ''His Royal Highness'' The Duke of Rothesay, [[6 February]] [[1952]]–present ** in Scotland, ''His Grace'' The Lord High Commissioner. May 2000-present {{further|[[List of titles and honours of Charles, Prince of Wales]]}} The Prince's style in full (rarely used): ''His Royal Highness'' '''The Prince Charles''' Philip Arthur George, '''Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland''', ''Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Great Master and First and Principal Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Member of the Order of Merit, Knight of the Order of Australia, Companion of the Queen's Service Order, Honorary Member of the Saskatchewan Order of Merit, Chief Grand Commander of the Order of Logohu, Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty.''<ref name="pow-tit">[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/abouttheprince/titles/ Prince of Wales - Titles]</ref> In Canada, the [[Inuit]] gave Prince Charles the distinctive title '''''Attaniout Ikeneego''''', meaning "The Son of the Big Boss,"<ref>[http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/special/royalvisit/kids-zone-answers.htm Are You an "Ace" at Kings and Queens?: A children's quiz on monarchy in Canada]</ref> serving as a reasonable equivalent to the term "heir apparent" in the [[Inuktitut]] language of [[Nunavut]]. The [[Cree]] and [[Ojibwa]]y in Winnipeg named Prince Charles '''''Leading Star'''''.<ref>[http://www.monarchist.ca/redbox/royalinvolvement.doc Royal Involvement With Canadian Life]</ref> ====Regnal==== If Prince Charles succeeds his mother as monarch and uses his first given name as his [[regnal name]], he would become known as Charles III. However, there has been speculation that he may choose a different name, due to the unfortunate association the name "Charles" has in British royal history. [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] was beheaded in 1649 following the [[English Civil War]], at the start of [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s short-lived republic. The executed monarch's son, [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], spent 18 years in exile and returned to England in 1660 but was nicknamed "The Merry Monarch" because of his string of mistresses. ''Charles III'' is partially associated with the [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] [[pretender]], [[Charles Edward Stuart]] (called ''Bonnie Prince Charlie''), an enduring [[Scottish people|Scottish]] romantic figure, who claimed the throne as that style in the 18th century. Choosing a regnal name different from the first given name would not be unusual. Three of the past six British monarchs, [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]], [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]], and [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]], chose a regnal name that was not their first given name.<ref>[[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]]'s first given name was Alexandrina, but she was known as "Princess Victoria" before her accession; [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]] and [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]] were both known as "Prince Albert", and altered their regnal names out of respect for [[Albert, Prince Consort]], who was denied the title of "king" in his lifetime.</ref> The most discussed alternative style has been '''"George VII"''', in honour of Charles's grandfather.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article782407.ece "Call me George, suggests Charles"], ''[[The Times]]'', [[24 December]] [[2005]]. Retrieved [[28 March]] [[2008]]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article782424.ece "Change of name will follow a long royal tradition"], ''[[The Times]]'', [[24 December]] [[2005]]. Retrieved [[28 March]] [[2008]].</ref>, although the prince has denied this.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/dec/27/monarchy.michaelwhite ''The Guardian'' "Charles denies planning to reign as King George", Michael White, political editor; [[27 December]] [[2005]]]</ref> ===Honours=== {{main|List of titles and honours of Charles, Prince of Wales}} ===Arms=== [[Image:Prince of Wales Arms.svg|150px|thumb|right|[[Coat of arms]] of Prince Charles]] The Prince's own [[coat of arms]] are those of the [[Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom]] with a label for difference. The version used everywhere but Scotland is blazoned ''Quarterly (by quarters): :'''1st''' and '''4th''', Gules three Lions passant guardant in pale Or (England). (The first and fourth quarters display the three lions, representing England.) :'''2nd''' quarter is Or a lion rampant within a Double Tressure floury counterflory Gules (Scotland). (The second quarter, displays a red lion in a yellow field with a double border coloured red, this represents Scotland.) :''' 3rd''', Azure a Harp Or stringed Argent (Ireland). (The third quarter shows a harp against a blue background, this represents Ireland.) The whole differenced by a plain Label of three points Argent, as the eldest child of the sovereign, and an [[inescutcheon]] of the ancient [[Coat of Arms of the Principality of Wales]]. ==Controversy== The prince has been involved in a number of controversial incidents through the years. In 1999, the League Against Cruel Sports accused him of making a 'Political statement' after Charles took Princes [[Prince William of Wales|William]] and [[Prince Henry of Wales|Harry]] with him on the Beaufort Hunt at a time when the government were trying to ban fox hunting with hounds.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/496138.stm |title=Prince Charles takes sons hunting |date=[[1999-10-30]] |publisher=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=2007-06-19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1055062002 |title=Prince : I'll leave Britain over fox hunt ban |date=[[2002-09-22]] |publisher=[[Scotland on Sunday]] |author=Jeremy Watson |accessdate=2007-06-19 }}</ref> In 2004, doctors were widely reported speaking out against the Prince’s backing of coffee enemas as a treatment for cancer.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,1248282,00.html |title=Now Charles backs coffee cure for cancer |date=[[2004-06-27]] |publisher=[[The Observer]] |accessdate=2007-06-19 }}</ref> His defence of controversial therapies, [[London]]’s ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported more recently on [[23 May]] [[2007]], had prompted [[Edzard Ernst]], professor of complementary medicine at [[Exeter]]’s Peninsula Medical School to say: "It has been wholly inappropriate because it is not his role as Prince of Wales to mingle in health politics."[http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/story/0,,2086193,00.html] An open microphone on [[31 March]] [[2005]] caught him muttering to his sons about the media during an officially-arranged press photo-call: "I hate doing this...These bloody people". About the [[BBC]]'s royal reporter [[Nicholas Witchell]] in particular, he confided: "I can't bear that man. I mean, he's so awful, he really is".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4397667.stm |title=Transcript: Princes' comments |date=[[2005-03-31]] |publisher=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=2007-06-19 }}</ref> Even the Prince's organic farming efforts have attracted media criticism. According to London's [[The Independent]] daily in October, 2006 '... the story of ''Duchy Originals'' has involved compromises and ethical blips, wedded to a determined merchandising programme'.<ref> [http://www.independent.co.uk/living/food_and_drink/features/article1816837.ece John Walsh, [[7 October]] [[2006]], " Oatcakes at dawn: The truth about Duchy Originals", The Independent, retrieved on [[3 August]] [[2007]]. Asks "But are his business practices as wholesome as his stoneground bread?"] </ref> February 2007 saw Duchy products themselves under attack, with the tabloid Daily Mail claiming that Prince Charles's own brand food was "unhealthier than Big Macs".<ref> [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=438997&in_page_id=1770 Sean Poulter, [[27 February]] [[2007]], "Hypocrite Prince Charles' own brand food unhealthier than Big Macs", Daily Mail, retrieved on [[3 August]] [[2007]]. Claims "The Duchy Originals Cornish Pasty carries more calories, fat and salt on a gram for gram basis than a Big Mac."] </ref> ===Mugabe handshake incident=== On [[April 8]], [[2005]], Prince Charles attended the [[funeral of Pope John Paul II]] in Vatican City. While shaking hands with people during the service, [[President of Zimbabwe]], [[Robert Mugabe]] surprised Prince Charles by shaking his hand during the service. Afterwards, the Prince's office released a statement saying, "The Prince of Wales was caught by surprise and not in a position to avoid shaking Mr Mugabe’s hand. The Prince finds the current Zimbabwean regime abhorrent. He has supported the Zimbabwe Defence and Aid Fund which works with those being oppressed by the regime. The Prince also recently met [[Pius Ncube]], the Archbishop of Bulawayo, an outspoken critic of the government."<ref name="charlesshake">{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article378880.ece|title=Charles shakes hands with Mugabe at Pope's funeral|accessdate=2007-07-08|publisher=''Times''}}</ref> ==Ancestry== {{ahnentafel top|width=100%}} {{ahnentafel-compact5 |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; |border=1 |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. '''Charles, Prince of Wales''' |2= 2. [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark]] |3= 3. [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]] |4= 4. [[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]] |5= 5. [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]] |6= 6. [[George VI of the United Kingdom]] |7= 7. [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]] |8= 8. [[George I of Greece]] |9= 9. [[Olga Konstantinovna of Russia]] |10= 10. [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven]] |11= 11. [[Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine]] |12= 12. [[George V of the United Kingdom]] |13= 13. [[Mary of Teck]] |14= 14. [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] |15= 15. [[Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck]] |16= 16. [[Christian IX of Denmark]] |17= 17. [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel]] |18= 18. [[Grand Duke Constantine Nicholaievich of Russia]] |19= 19. [[Alexandra Iosifovna of Altenburg]] |20= 20. [[Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine]] |21= 21. [[Julia von Hauke]] |22= 22. [[Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse]] |23= 23. [[Alice of the United Kingdom|Princess Alice of the United Kingdom]] |24= 24. [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] |25= 25. [[Alexandra of Denmark]] |26= 26. [[Francis, Duke of Teck]] |27= 27. [[Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge]] |28= 28. [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] |29= 29. [[Frances Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Frances Dora Smith]] |30= 30. [[Charles William Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck]] |31= 31. [[(Caroline) Louisa Cavendish-Bentinck|Caroline Louisa Burnaby]] }}</center> {{ahnentafel bottom}} ===Patrilineal descent=== Charles's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in most royal houses, and can be traced back through the generations—which means that if Charles were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be '''Oldenburg'''/'''Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg''',{{Fact|date=March 2008}} as all his male-line ancestors have been members. '''House of Oldenburg''' #Egilmar I of Lerigau, dates unknown #Egilmar II of Lerigau, d. 1142 #Christian I of Oldenburg, d. 1167 #Moritz of Oldenburg, d. 1209 #Christian II of Oldenburg, d. 1233 #John I, Count of Oldenburg, d. 1275 #Christian III, Count of Oldenburg, d. 1285 #John II, Count of Oldenburg, d. 1314 #Conrad I, Count of Oldenburg, 1300&ndash;1347 #[[Christian V, Count of Oldenburg]], 1340&ndash;1423 #[[Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg]], 1398&ndash;1440 #[[Christian I of Denmark|Christian I, King of Denmark]], 1426&ndash;1481 #[[Frederick I of Denmark|Frederick I, King of Denmark]], 1471&ndash;1533 #[[Christian III of Denmark|Christian III, King of Denmark]], 1503&ndash;1559 #[[John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg]], 1545&ndash;1622 #[[Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg]], 1573&ndash;1627 #[[August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck]], 1612&ndash;1675 #[[Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck]], 1653&ndash;1728 #[[Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck]], 1696&ndash;1775 #[[Karl Anton August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck]], 1727&ndash;1759 #[[Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck]], 1757&ndash;1816 #[[Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]], 1785&ndash;1831 '''House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg''' (Danish and Greek Royal Houses) #[[Christian IX of Denmark|Christian IX, King of Denmark]], 1818&ndash;1906 #[[George I of Greece|George I, King of Greece]], 1845&ndash;1913 #[[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]], 1882&ndash;1944 #[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], 1921&ndash; #[[Charles, Prince of Wales]], 1948&ndash; ==Legacy== ===Popular culture=== Charles wrote a children's book, ''[[The Old Man of Lochnagar]]'', and even read it on the BBC's ''[[Jackanory]]'' programme. Charles has a keen interest in illusionism, and is a member of [[The Magic Circle]]. He passed his audition by performing the [[cups and balls]] effect.<ref>[http://www.themagiccircle.co.uk/main_nav/index.php?Link_ID=A0020001 The Magic Circle - Photo Gallery<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In 1977, Charles was interviewed on the Australian Broadcasting Commission rock and roll music program, [[Countdown]] by Ian (Molly) Meldrum. In 2000, he made an appearance in the UK soap, ''[[Coronation Street]]'', to celebrate the show's 40th anniversary on [[ITV1]].<ref>{{cite web | work=bbc.co.uk | title= Prince stars in live soap |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1061585.stm| accessdate=2006-09-02}}</ref> In 2005, Prince Charles appeared as himself in the [[New Zealand]] adult cartoon series ''[[Bro'Town]]''. The episode aired on [[TV3 (New Zealand)|TV3]] on Wednesday [[26 October]] and was the final episode in the second series of the popular show. Prince Charles agreed to record some impromptu audio for Series Two while attending a performance from the show's creators during a visit to [[New Zealand]]. After some enthusiastic encouragement from [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] [[Helen Clark]] (who also appears in the episode), the Prince gave a royal rendition of the ''[[Bro'Town]]'' catch-cry "Morningside 4 Life!" In 2006, a court case was filed by Prince Charles against the ''[[Daily Mail|Mail on Sunday]]'' after publication of extracts from his personal journals. Lawyers for the Prince argued that he was as entitled to keep private documents as any other person. Various revelations were made, including his opinions on the takeover of [[Hong Kong]] by the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1997, in which he described Chinese government officials as "appalling old waxworks". His ex-private secretary also alleged that the Prince considers himself a [[dissident]], working against majority political opinions.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4734798.stm BBC News.]</ref> On Saturday [[20 May]] [[2006]], [[ITV]] presented the 30th birthday of [[The Prince's Trust]]. It included songs from [[Embrace (UK band)|Embrace]] and their song 'World at our Feet' and [[Annie Lennox]] and also an interview with [[Charles, Prince of Wales|Prince Charles]], [[Prince Henry of Wales|Prince Harry]] and [[Prince William of Wales|Prince William]] by [[Ant and Dec]]. Prince Charles is sometimes referred to in the popular press as "Chazza" (along the lines of "[[Paul Gascoigne|Gazza]]", "[[Michael Heseltine|Hezza]]" and similar coinages). Prince Charles has been criticised for publishing a memo on ambition and opportunity.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4035181.stm BBC Article Regarding the Prince's Memo on Ambition & Opportunity]</ref> This memo was widely understood to criticise meritocracy for creating a competitive society. In humorist [[Lynne Truss]]'s critique of British manners entitled ''Talk to the Hand'',<ref>[http://www.roycecarlton.com/speakers/truss_book.html Humorist Lynn Truss, (Reviewed Charles's Memo)]</ref> Charles's memo is evaluated with respect to the putative impact of meritocracy on British boorishness. Truss came to the conclusion that the prince might have a point, that the positive motivational impact of meritocracy might be balanced against the negative impact of a competitive society. The [[Prince of Wales Hospital]] in [[Hong Kong]] was named in his honour in 1984. Charles is often parodied by Scottish-American comedian [[Craig Ferguson]] on ''[[The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson|The Late Late Show]]''. ==See also== * [[Bibliography of Charles, Prince of Wales]] * [[Order of the Oak Crown]] ==Notes== {{reflist|2}} ==References== *{{cite book | last=Dimbleby| first = Jonathan| authorlink = Jonathan Dimbleby| title = The Prince of Wales: A Biography| location = New York| publisher = William Morrow and Company| year = 1994| ISBN 0-688-12996-X}} *{{cite book |last=Paget |first=Gerald. |title=The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (2 vols) |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Charles Skilton |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-284-400161}} ==External links== {{commons2}} {{wikiquote}} {{wikisource author}} *[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/ Official website of HRH The Prince of Wales] *[http://www.monarchywales.org.uk Monarchy Wales - leading campaign organisation] *[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/about/bio_armed_services.html Military Career] *[http://www.familyforest.com/Royal_Wedding.html Family Ties to the Royal Wedding] [[9 April]] [[2005]] *[http://www.princes-trust.org.uk/ Official website of 'The Prince's Trust'] *[http://www.david-griffiths.co.uk/ View an image of an official portrait of Prince Charles by David Griffiths] *[http://www.pch.gc.ca/special/royalvisit/english.htm The Prince's Official Canadian Visit (2001)] *[http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/summer017.htm "Saskatchewan Honours Future King" (2001)] *[http://www.sicc.sk.ca/saskindian/a01fal03.htm Significance of Treaties Reaffirmed Through Historic Royal Visit (2001)] *[http://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=3295860392688412292&hl=en-GB/ View clip from Prince Charles interview by David Frost in 1969] *[http://www.math.utsa.edu/sphere/salingar/Charles.html Sympathetic appraisal of the Prince's contributions to architecture] *[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/speeches/architecture_30051984.html Text of the Prince's 1984 speech criticizing Modern architecture] *{{imdb name| id=0697608|title=The Prince of Wales}} {{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Windsor]]|14 November|1948|||[[House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]}} {{s-roy|uk}} {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Princess Elizabeth,<br />Duchess of Edinburgh]]<br /><small>''later became Queen Elizabeth II''</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of heirs to the English and British thrones|Heir to the Thrones]]'''<br />''as [[heir apparent]]''|years='''1952 – present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-new|first|reason=[[Heir Apparent]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Line of succession to the British Throne]]'''<br />1<sup>st</sup> position|years=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Prince William of Wales]]}} {{s-hon}} {{s-bef|before=[[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Great Master of the Order of the Bath]]|years=10 June 1974 – present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-reg|uk}} |- {{s-vac|last=[[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Prince Edward, Duke of Cornwall]]<br /><small>''later became King Edward VIII''</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Wales]]|years=[[26 July]] [[1958]] – present}} {{s-inc|heir=[[Prince William of Wales]]|heir-type=Presumed next holder}}<!-- Prince of Wales is a non-hereditary title (cf. George III) --> {{s-prec|uk}} {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[United Kingdom Order of Precedence|Gentlemen]]'''<br />''HRH The Prince of Wales''|years=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Prince Andrew, Duke of York]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[United Kingdom Order of Precedence|Gentlemen]]'''<br />''in [[United Kingdom order of precedence#Current practice|current practice]]''|years=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Prince William of Wales]]}} {{s-end}} {{CPW|*}} {{Diana, Princess of Wales}} {{UK Order of Precedence (Gentlemen)}} {{British princes}} {{Princes of Wales}} {{Dukes of Cornwall}} {{Dukes of Rothesay}} {{British dukes}} {{portal| Biography | Crystal_personal.svg}} {{Lifetime|1948||Charles, Wales, Prince of}} {{Persondata |NAME=Wales, Charles |ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Mounbatten-Windsor, Charles Philip Arthur George |SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Heir apparent]] and [[Prince of Wales]] |DATE OF BIRTH=[[14 November]] [[1948]] |PLACE OF BIRTH=[[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |DATE OF DEATH= |PLACE OF DEATH= }} [[Category:Alumni of Aberystwyth University]] [[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Companions of the Queen's Service Order]] [[Category:Current heirs apparent]] [[Category:Dukes of Cornwall|026]] [[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of England]] [[Category:Dukes of Rothesay|023]] [[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of Scotland]] [[Category:English Anglicans]] [[Category:English and British princes]] [[Category:English gardeners]] [[Category:English polo players]] [[Category:Grand Companions of the Order of Logohu]] [[Category:Heirs to the English and British thrones]] [[Category:House of Glücksburg]] [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau]] [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav]] [[Category:Knights of the Elephant]] [[Category:Knights of the Garter]] [[Category:Knights of the Order of Australia]] [[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Mountbatten-Windsor family]] [[Category:Old Geelong Grammarians]] [[Category:Old Gordonstounians]] [[Category:People associated with Swansea University]] [[Category:People associated with the Royal Agricultural College]] [[Category:People associated with the University of Wales]] [[Category:People from Westminster]] [[Category:Princes of Wales]] [[Category:RAF College Cranwell graduates]] [[Category:Royal Air Force air marshals]] [[Category:Royal Fellows of the Royal Society]] [[Category:Royal Navy admirals]] [[Category:Traditionalism]] {{Link FA|ms}} [[ar:الأمير تشارلز]] [[bs:Charles, princ od Velsa]] [[bg:Чарлз (принц на Уелс)]] [[cs:Charles, princ z Walesu]] [[cy:Y Tywysog Siarl, Tywysog Cymru]] [[da:Charles, prins af Wales]] [[de:Charles Mountbatten-Windsor, Prince of Wales]] [[et:Charles Mountbatten-Windsor]] [[es:Carlos, Príncipe de Gales]] [[eo:Princo Karlo]] [[fa:چارلز، شاهزاده ولز]] [[fr:Charles de Galles]] [[gd:Prionnsa Tearlach, Prionnsa a' Chuimrigh]] [[ko:영국의 웨일스 공 찰스 왕세자]] [[hr:Karlo, kraljević od Walesa]] [[id:Charles dari Wales]] [[is:Karl Bretaprins]] [[it:Carlo, principe del Galles]] [[he:צ'ארלס, נסיך ויילס]] [[ka:ჩარლზ მაუნტბატენ-უინძორი]] [[kw:Charlys, Pryns Kembra]] [[la:Carolus Princeps Cambriae]] [[ms:Charles, Putera Wales]] [[nl:Charles, prins van Wales]] [[ja:チャールズ (プリンス・オブ・ウェールズ)]] [[no:Charles, prins av Wales]] [[nn:Prins Charles av Wales]] [[pl:Karol Mountbatten-Windsor]] [[pt:Carlos, Príncipe de Gales]] [[ro:Charles, Prinţ de Wales]] [[ru:Чарльз, принц Уэльский]] [[sco:The Prince Charles, Duke o Rothesay]] [[simple:Charles, Prince of Wales]] [[sl:Charles, waleški princ]] [[fi:Walesin prinssi Charles]] [[sv:Charles av Storbritannien]] [[th:เจ้าฟ้าชายชาร์ลส์ เจ้าชายแห่งเวลส์]] [[vi:Thái tử Charles, Hoàng tử xứ Wales]] [[zh:查爾斯 (威爾斯親王)]]