Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel
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{{Infobox Scientist
|name = Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel
|box_width =
|image =Mirbel, Charles-François Brisseau de 1776-1854.jpg
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|caption =Portrait of Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel
|birth_date = [[27 March]] [[1776]]
|birth_place = [[Paris]]
|death_date = [[12 September]] [[1854]]
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|nationality = [[France|French]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[botanist]] and [[politician]]
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|known_for = [[cytology]]
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'''Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel''' ([[27 March]] [[1776]] – [[12 September]] [[1854]]) was a [[France|French]] [[botanist]] and [[politician]]. He was a founder of the science of plant [[cytology]].
A native [[Paris]]ian, at the age of twenty, he became an assistant-naturalist with the French [[Muséum national d'histoire naturelle|National Museum of Natural History]]. While there he began to examine plant tissue under a microscope.
In 1802, Mirbel published his treatise ''Traité d'anatomie et de physiologie végétale'' which established his position as a founder of [[cytology]], plant [[histology]] and [[plant physiology]] in France. He proposed that all plant tissue is modified from [[parenchyma]] (supporting tissue). His observation, in 1809, that each plant cell is contained in a continuous membrane, remains a central contribution to cytology.
In 1803, Mirbel obtained the post of superintendent of the gardens of Napoleon's [[Château de Malmaison]]. There he studied and published on structure of plant tissue and the development of plant organs. He also studied and described the [[genus]] ''[[Marchantia]]'' of [[Marchantiophyta|liverwort]]s. His 1802 treatise and these publications enabled him, in 1808, to join the [[French Academy of Sciences]] and to become the chair of the botany department of the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]]. His combined tissue studies were published in 1815 as ''Eléments de physiologie végétale et de botanique''.
With the [[Bourbon Restoration]], Mirbel's friend [[Élie, duc Decazes]], then Minister of Interior, offered him the post of Secretary General. But the fall of the government in 1829, marked the end of Mirbel's political career, and he returned to a position with the National Museum of Natural History as head of the ''[[Jardin des Plantes]]'' in [[Paris]], and eventually became the Director of Culture (chaire de culture) for the museum. Mirbel was elected a foreign member of the British [[Royal Society]] of [[London]] in [[1837]].
In 1823 Mirbel married Lizinska Aimée Zoé Rue, a French painter of [[Portrait miniature|miniatures]]. He died in Champerret, [[France]] in 1854. The plant [[genus]] ''[[Mirbelia]]'' is named in his honor.
<div class="notice metadata" id="spoiler" style="border-top:2px solid #ddd; border-bottom:2px solid #ddd;"><center >The standard [[Binomial nomenclature#Authorship in scientific names|botanical author abbreviation]] '''Mirb.''' is applied to plants described by this [[botanist]], which abbreviation also appears on [[List of botanists by author abbreviation|this list]].</center ></div >
==Selected works==
* ''Traité d'anatomie et de physiologie végétale'', 1802
* ''Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière de plantes'', 1802-1806
* ''Exposition de la théorie de l'organisation végétale'', 1809
* ''Éléments de physiologie végétale et de botanique'', 1815
==References==
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<references/>
* Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.) (1970) "Mirbel, Charles Francois Brisseau De (1776-1854)" ''Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Volumes I-XIV'' Charles Scribner's Sons, New York;
::''This article is based in part on material from the [[:fr:Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel|French Wikipedia]]''.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brisseau de Mirbel}}
[[Category:Botanists with author abbreviations]]
[[Category:French botanists]]
[[Category:1776 births]]
[[Category:1854 deaths]]
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