Charles W. Woodworth
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[[Image:Charles W. Woodworth reading.jpg|thumb|right]]
'''Charles W. Woodworth''' ([[April 28]], [[1865]] – [[November 19]], [[1940]]) was an American [[Entomology|entomologist]]. He founded of the [[Entomology]] Department at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], and made many valuable contributions to that science during his career.
==Birth and early life==<!-- This section is linked from [[Declaration of Sentiments]] -->
He was born in [[Champaign, Illinois]] on [[April 28]]th, [[1865]] to Alvin Oakley Woodworth and Mary Celina (Carpenter) Woodworth. His father, was a merchant but died when Charles was about five. Some years later, his mother married Alvin's older brother Stephen Elias Woodworth to help raise Charles and his older brother Howard. Stephen had earlier been a resident of [[Seneca Falls (village), New York|Seneca Falls, New York]] and was a [[List of signatories of the Declaration of Sentiments|signatory]] of the 1848 Seneca Falls [[Declaration of Sentiments]].
==Career overview==
Charles graduated with a [[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in [[1885]] and an [[Master's degree|MS]] in [[1886]] from the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]. The funds received from the judgment in the 1884 U.S. Supreme Court Case, [[New England Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Woodworth]], may have helped pay for his education. During the period of [[1884]]-[[1886]], he was assistant to S.A. Forbes. From [[1886]] to [[1888]] and again from [[1900]] to [[1901]], he studied at [[Harvard University]] under H.A. Hagen, who, at the time, was the leading entomologist of the U.S. In [[1888]], he was appointed entomologist and [[botany|botanist]] at the [[University of Arkansas]]'s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. On September 4, 1889, he married Leonora Stern in [[Rolla, Missouri]], the city where her parents, Edward Stern and Lizzie Hardin Evans Stern, lived. Charles suffered from successive attacks of [[malaria]] while in [[Arkansas]]. He left there in [[1891]] to become assistant in entomology at the [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California (now UC Berkeley)]] where he founded and built up the Division of Entomology. He also participated in the development of the Agricultural Experiment Station, now known as [[University of California, Davis|UC Davis]], and is also considered the founder of the Entomology Department there.
At Berkeley, he rose to be Assistant Professor in [[1891]], Associate Professor in [[1904]], Professor in [[1913]], and was named Emeritus Professor upon his retirement in [[1930]].
==His suggestion of the use of Drosophila==
He is credited with first breeding [[Drosophila melanogaster|Drosophila]] in quantity while he was at Harvard. [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]]'s [[Nobel Prize]] biography says that C.W. Woodworth suggested to [[William E. Castle]] that Drosophila might be used for genetical work. Castle and his associates used it for their work on the effects of inbreeding, and through them F. E. Lutz became interested in it and the latter introduced it to Morgan, who was looking for less expensive material that could be bred in the very limited space at his command. Shortly after he commenced work with this new material (1909), a number of striking mutants turned up. Morgan's subsequent studies on this phenomenon ultimately enabled the determination of the precise behaviour and exact localization of genes.
==Four years in China==
While on sabbatical leave in [[1918]], he was a lecturer at the [[University of Nanking]] and honorary professor of entomology at the [[Nanjing University|National Southeastern University]] at [[Nanking, China]]. During his year there he effected a practical control of mosquitoes for the first time in that city's history. He returned for a three year period in [[1921]]-[[1924]]. During this period he organized the Kiangsu Provincial Bureau of Entomology as well as many other things. In the words of the president of the University of Nanking, "He served China in a magnificent way."
==His publications and public policy efforts==
His publications were very extensive and included nearly every field of entomology. A few of his most outstanding works are: "A List of the Insects of California ([[1903]]), The Wing Veins of Insects" ([[1906]]), "Guide to California Insects" ([[1913]]), and "School of Fumigation ([[1915]]). He was the first editor and first contributor to the University of California Publications in Entomology.
He had much to do with the responsible use of pesticides. He proposed and drafted the first California Insecticide Law in [[1906]], was largely instrumental in securing its passage in [[1911]], and administered the law until July 1, [[1923]]. Entomological campaigns which he conducted in California concerned the codling moth, the peach twig-borer, citrus insects, grasshoppers, and citrus white fly eradication.
==His family and home==
Charles and Leonora had four children: Lawrence, Harold, Charles, and Elizabeth. His son, [[Charles E. Woodworth|Dr. Charles E. Woodworth]], also became an Entomologist; he worked for the [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]] focusing on the [[wireworm]] and served as an Entomologist with the [[United States Army|Army]] in the Pacific during WWII with the rank of Major, commanding a unit which cleared swamps.
Their home at 2237 Carleton Street in [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], that he designed, was designated a Berkeley Landmark in 1993. He had many avocations including making telescopes, analyzing chess positions, and researching his extended family's genealogy.
==The C.W. Woodworth Award==
C.W. was an [[1889]] charter member of the American Association of Economic Entomologists. This group merged with the [[Entomological Society of America]], founded [[1906]], in [[1953]]. The Pacific Branch of the [[Entomological Society of America]] gives an annual award for achievement in Entomology in the Pacific region of the U.S. over the previous ten years called the [[C. W. Woodworth Award]] [[C. W. Woodworth Award|(list of winners)]]. This award is principally sponsored by his great-grandson, Brian Holden, and his wife, Joann Wilfert, with additional support by Dr. Craig and Kathryn Holden, and Dr. Jim and Betty Woodworth.
==See also==
* [[History of model organisms]]
* [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]]
* [[William E. Castle]]
* [[Timeline of Entomology - Post 1900]]
==External links==
*''[http://dynaweb.oac.cdlib.org:8088/dynaweb/uchist/public/inmemoriam/inmemoriam1940/@Generic__BookTextView/430 From 1940, University of California: In Memoriam]''
*''[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40D16F63C5C10728DDDA80A94D9415B8088F1D3 11/21/1940 NY Times Obituary]''
*''[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/search?src=hw&site_area=sci&fulltext=%22Charles+William+Woodworth%22&search_submit.x=11&search_submit.y=6 12/20/1940 Science Magazine Obituary]
*''[http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/campuses/ucb/departments_e.html History of Entomology at UC Berkeley]''
*''[http://entomology.ucdavis.edu/dept/history.cfm History of Entomology at UC Davis]''
*''[http://entomology.uark.edu/history/ History of Entomology at the University of Arkansas]''
*''[http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-bio.html T.H. Morgan's Nobel Prize biography mentioning C. W. Woodworth]''
*''[http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/onlineservice/planning/landmarks.pdf City of Berkeley Landmark listing of his home]''
*''[http://www.berkeleyheritage.com/berkeley_landmarks/images/2237_Carleton.jpg Photo of the Woodworth family home in Berkeley which he designed]''
*''[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10612FA3E5E10728DDDA90B94DB405B808FF1D3 3/30/1930 NY Times archive article about the multi-element telescope that he was building]''
*''[http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=brian2003&id=I642 Family tree of Charles W. Woodworth - this tree used his geneaology research as its starting point]''
*[http://dlxs2.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=cdl;idno=cdl151 Guide to California insects] Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection. {Reprinted by} [http://www.amazon.com/dp/1429739878/?tag=corneunivelib-20 Cornell University Library Digital Collections]
[[Category:1865 births|Woodworth, Charles W.]]
[[Category:1940 deaths|Woodworth, Charles W.]]
[[Category:American entomologists|Woodworth, Charles W.]]
[[Category:University of California, Davis|Woodworth, Charles W.]]
[[Category:People associated with the University of Arkansas|Woodworth, Charles W.]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty|Woodworth, Charles W.]]
[[Category:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign alumni|Woodworth, Charles W.]]
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