Cherry 54773 226159602 2008-07-17T02:27:08Z Gulmammad 5609264 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/24.34.41.154|24.34.41.154]] ([[User talk:24.34.41.154|talk]]) to last version by 71.170.88.141 {{otheruses}} {{redirect|Cherry tree}} {{Taxobox | name = Red Cherry | image = Cherry by Gulmammad 2.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Rosales]] | familia = [[Rosaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Prunoideae]] | genus = ''[[Prunus]]'' | subgenus = '''''Cerasus''''' | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = Several, including:<br/> ''[[Prunus apetala]]''<br/> ''[[Wild Cherry|Prunus avium]]'' (Wild/Sweet Cherry)<br/> ''[[Prunus campanulata]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus canescens]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus cerasifera]]''<br/> ''[[Sour Cherry|Prunus cerasus]]'' (Sour Cherry)<br/> ''[[Prunus concinna]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus conradinae]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus dielsiana]]''<br/> ''[[Bitter Cherry|Prunus emarginata]]'' (Bitter Cherry)<br/> ''[[Prunus fruticosa]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus ilicifolia]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus incisa]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus litigiosa]]''<br/> ''[[Saint Lucie Cherry|Prunus mahaleb]]'' (Saint Lucie Cherry)<br/> ''[[Prunus maximowiczii]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus nipponica]]''<br/> ''[[Pin Cherry|Prunus pensylvanica]]'' (Pin Cherry)<br/> ''[[Prunus pilosiuscula]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus rufa]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus sargentii]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus serrula]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus serrulata]]'' (Japanese Cherry)<br/> ''[[Prunus speciosa]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus subhirtella]]''<br/> ''[[Prunus tomentosa]]'' (Nanking Cherry)<br/> ''[[Prunus x yedoensis]]'' (Yoshino Cherry) }} {{nutritionalvalue | name=Cherries (sweet, edible parts) | kJ=263 | protein=1.1 g | fat=0.2 g | carbs=16 g | sugars=13 g | fibre=2 g | iron_mg=0.4 | vitC_mg=7 | source_usda=1 | right=1}} The word '''cherry''' refers to a fleshy [[fruit]] ([[drupe]]) that contains a single stony [[seed]]. The cherry belongs to the family [[Rosaceae]], genus ''[[Prunus]]'', along with [[almond]]s, [[peach]]es, [[plum]]s, [[apricot]]s and [[bird cherry (subgenus)|bird cherries]]. The subgenus, ''Cerasus'', is distinguished by having the [[flower]]s in small [[corymb]]s of several together (not singly, nor in [[raceme]]s), and by having a smooth fruit with only a weak groove or none along one side. The subgenus is native to the temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]], with two species in [[Americas|America]], three in [[Europe]], and the remainder in [[Asia]]. The word "cherry" comes from the [[French language|French]] word "cerise", which comes in turn from the [[Latin]] words ''cerasum'' and ''Cerasus''. == Background == The cherry is generally understood to have been brought to [[Rome]] from [[Persia]]. [[Giresun]] was known to the ancient Greeks as Choerades or Pharnacia and later as Kerasous or Cerasus, < Kerason < Kerasounta < Kerasus "horn" (for peninsula) in Greek + ounta "Greek toponomical suffix".[1] The name later mutated into Kerasunt (sometimes written Kérasounde or Kerassunde). The English word cherry, French cerise, Spanish cereza, and Southern Italian dialect cerasa (standard Italian ciliegia) all come from Classical Greek κέρασος "cherry", which has been identified with Cerasus. The cherry was first exported to Europe from Cerasus in Roman times. <ref>A History of the Vegetable Kingdom - Page 334</ref> The [[Wild Cherry]] (''P. avium'') has given rise to the Sweet Cherry to which most cherry [[cultivar]]s belong, and the [[Sour Cherry]] (''P. cerasus'') is used mainly for cooking. Both species originate in [[Europe]] and western [[Asia]]; they do not cross-pollinate each other. The other species, although having edible fruit, are not grown extensively for consumption, except in northern regions where the two main species will not grow. Irrigation, spaying, labor, and the their propensity to damage from rain and hail make cherries relatively expensive. Nonetheless, there is high demand for the fruit. Major commercial cherry orchards in Europe extend from the [[Iberian peninsula]] east to [[Asia Minor]], and to a smaller extent may also be grown in the [[Baltic States]] and southern [[Scandinavia]]. In the [[United States]], most sweet cherries for fresh use are grown in [[California]] and [[Washington]]. Important sweet cherry cultivars include "[[Bing cherry|Bing]]", "Brooks", "Tulare", "King", and "[[Rainier cherry|Rainier]]". [[Oregon]] and [[Michigan]] provide light-coloured "Royal Ann" ('Napoleon'; alternately "Queen Anne") cherries for the [[maraschino cherry]] process. Most sour (also called tart) cherries are grown in four states bordering the [[Great Lakes (North America)|Great Lakes]], in [[Michigan]] (the largest producers of cherries among the states), [[New York]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Wisconsin]]; however, native and non-native cherries grow well in [[Canada]] ([[Ontario]] and [[British Columbia]]) as well. Sour cherries include Nanking and [[Evans Cherry]]. [[Traverse City, Michigan]] claims to be the "Cherry Capital of the World", hosting a [[National Cherry Festival]] and making the world's largest cherry pie. The specific region of Northern Michigan that is known the world over for tart cherry production is referred to as the "Traverse Bay" region. Farms in this region grown many varieties of cherries and companies like Traverse Bay Farms sell the fruit of the region. Likewise in [[Australia]] the [[New South Wales]] town of [[Young, New South Wales|Young]] is famous nationwide as the "Cherry Capital of [[Australia]]", and also hosts the internationally famous National Cherry Festival. Popular varieties include the "Montmorency", "Morello", "North Star", "Early Richmond", "Titans" and "Lamberts". Cherries have a very long growing season and can grow anywhere, including the great cold of the tundra. In Australia they are usually at their peak around [[Christmas]] time, in southern Europe in June, in America in June, and in the UK in mid July, always in the summer season. In many parts of North America they are among the first tree fruits to ripen; hence the colloquial term "cherry" to mean "new" or "the first", e.g. "in cherry condition". Annual world production (as of 2003) of domesticated cherries is about 45698 million [[tonne]]s, of which a third are sour cherries. Around 75 percent of world production originates in Europe. Besides the fruit, cherries also have attractive [[flower]]s, and they are commonly planted for their flower display in spring; several of the Asian cherries are particularly noted for their flower displays. The Japanese ''[[sakura]]'' in particular are a national symbol celebrated in the yearly [[Hanami]] festival. Many flowering cherry cultivars (known as 'ornamental cherries') have the [[stamen]]s and [[pistils]] replaced by additional [[petal]]s ("double" flowers), so are sterile and do not bear fruit. They are grown purely for their flowers and decorative value. The most common of these sterile cherries is the cultivar 'Kanzan'. Cherry trees provide food for the [[caterpillar]]s of several [[Lepidoptera]]. See [[List of Lepidoptera which feed on Prunus|List of Lepidoptera which feed on ''Prunus'']]. ==Medical benefits== Cherries contain [[anthocyanin]]s, the red pigment in berries. Cherry anthocyanins have been shown to reduce pain and inflammation in rats.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Tall JM, Seeram NP, Zhao C, Nair MG, Meyer RA, Raja SN |title=Tart cherry anthocyanins suppress inflammation-induced pain behavior in rat |journal=Behav. Brain Res. |volume=153 |issue=1 |pages=181–8 |year=2004 |pmid=15219719 |doi=10.1016/j.bbr.2003.11.011}}</ref> Anthocyanins are also potent antioxidants under active research for a variety of potential health benefits.<ref>Gross PM (2007). Scientists zero in on health benefits of berry pigments. Natural Products Information Center 2007 Jul 9. [http://www.npicenter.com/anm/templates/newsATemp.aspx?articleid=18944&zoneid=201]</ref> According to a study presented at the Experimental Biology 2008 meeting in San Diego, rats that received whole tart cherry powder mixed into a high-fat diet didn’t gain as much weight or build up as much body fat, and their blood showed much lower levels of indicators of the kind of inflammation that has been linked to heart disease and diabetes. In addition, they had significantly lower blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides than the other rats.<ref>[http://newswise.com/articles/view/539490/ Tart Cherries May Reduce Heart/Diabetes Risk Factors] Newswise, Retrieved on July 7, 2008.</ref> ==See also== *[[Sour Cherry of Kleparow]] *[[Acerola]] *[[Fruit tree forms]] *[[Fruit tree propagation]] *[[Fruit tree]] *[[Marasca cherry]] *[[Pruning fruit trees]] *[[Sakura]] ==References== <references/> ==Photo gallery== <gallery> Image:Cherry by Gulmammad 1.jpg Image:Cherry by Gulmammad 3.jpg Image:Cherry by Gulmammad 5.jpg Image:Cherry by Gulmammad 4.jpg Image:Cherry by Gulmammad 6.jpg Image:Kirsche.jpg Image:Cherry Stella444.jpg|Stella, [[Prunus avium]] Image:Cherries.jpg|Ripe cherries, stacked and on display for sale on a market in [[Barcelona]] Image:Cerisier3.1s.JPG|Formation of the cherry fruit at beginning of May (France) Image:Cherry flowers.jpg|White Cherry Flowers Image:Cherry.jpg|Cherry blossoms Image:Washington C D.C. Tidal Basin cherry trees.jpg|Washington, D.C. Tidal Basin showing cherry trees in flower Image:Cherry tree blossoms.jpg|Cherry tree flowers Image:Cherry tree blossoms.JPG|White Cherry Tree Blossoms Image:Cherries1.jpg|Cherries (variety Lambert) - watercolor 1894 Image:Cherry closeup.jpeg|Cherries with leaf Image:YamagataCherries.jpg|[[Yamagata]] cherries Image:Kirschbluete001.jpg|Cherry tree flowers Image:442898701_88b12bf42e.jpg|Pink Cherry Tree Blossoms Image:Cherry_IMG_2655.jpg|Cherry opened. Image:Prunus avium1.jpg|''Prunus avium'' ripening fruit Image:Ripe cherries served.JPG|Cherries served in a bowl Image:Life is just a . . . ..jpg|A bowl of cherries Image:Cherry petiole glands.JPG|A Cherry leaf with nectary glands on the stalk. Image:Young Cherry leaf.JPG|A young Gean or Wild Cherry leaf Image:Cherry Leaf tip glands.JPG|Leaf tip nectary glands Image:Cherry_Tree_Leb_New.jpg|Cherry tree from the village of [[Aita al-Foukhar]] in [[Lebanon]] </gallery> ==External links== {{Commons|Cherry}} {{wiktionary|cherry}} {{Cherries}} [[Category:Cherries| ]] [[Category:Medicinal plants]] [[Category:Prunus]] [[Category:Symbols of Utah]] [[als:Kirsche (Frucht)]] [[ar:كرز]] [[bg:Череша]] [[cs:Třešně]] [[da:Kirsebær (frugt)]] [[de:Kirsche (Frucht)]] [[el:Κερασιά (φυτό)]] [[es:Cerasus]] [[eo:Ĉerizo]] [[eu:Gereziondo]] [[fa:گیلاس]] [[fr:Cerise]] [[gl:Cereixa]] [[id:Ceri]] [[it:Ciliegia]] [[he:דובדבן]] [[ka:ალუბალი]] [[ht:Seriz]] [[la:Cerasus (pomum)]] [[lt:Vyšnia]] [[hu:Cseresznye]] [[ml:ചെറി]] [[nl:Kers]] [[ja:サクランボ]] [[nap:Cerasa]] [[pl:Wiśnia]] [[pt:Cerejeira]] [[ru:Вишня]] [[simple:Cherry]] [[sl:Češnja]] [[fi:Cerasus]] [[sv:Körsbär]] [[wa:Ceréjhe]] [[bat-smg:Vīšnė]] [[zh:樱桃]] [[tr: kiraz]]