Chişinău
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NawlinWiki
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Protected Chişinău: no reason to move this page w/o discussion [move=sysop]
{{Infobox Settlement
| official_name = Chişinău
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_skyline = Primaria Chisinau.jpg
||image_caption = Chişinău city hall
| image_flag = Flagge-Chisinau-01-11 (Flagge).png
| image_seal = Flagge-Chisinau-01-10.png
|image_map = Moldadm C.png
| map_caption = Location of Chişinău in [[Moldova]]
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 =
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name = [[Moldova]]
|subdivision_name1 =
|subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1436
| established_title2 =
| established_date2 =
| government_type =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Dorin Chirtoacă]], since 2007
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_total_km2 = 120
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_urban_km2 = 635
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of=2007
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 592,900
| population_urban = 785,000
| population_metro = 911,400
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_km2 = 4938
| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = MD-20xx
| area_code = +373 22
| latd = 47| latm = 0| lats =00 | latNS = N
| longd = 28| longm = 55 | longs = | longEW = E
| elevation_footnotes=
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_m = 85
| website = [http://www.chisinau.md www.chisinau.md]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chişinău''' ({{IPA2|ki.ʃi.'nəw}}) (also known as '''Kishinev''', {{lang-ru|Кишинёв}}, ''Kishinyov''), is the [[capital city]] and industrial and commercial center of [[Moldova]]. It is also the largest city of Moldova and is located in the center of the country, on the river [[Bîc River|Bîc]]. Economically, the city is the most prosperous in Moldova and is one of the main industrial centers and transportation hubs of the region. As the most important city in Moldova, Chişinău has a broad range of educational facilities. Additionally, the city has among the highest proportion of green spaces of any major city in [[Europe]].
==Name==
According to some historians, the name comes from the old Romanian word ''chişla'' ("spring", "source of water"; the word is not used anymore, but was replaced by ''cişmea'', which has the same meaning)<ref>[http://www.kishinev.info/history_ro/ Istoria] Kishinev.info Retrieved 2006, 11-28</ref> and ''nouă'' ("new"), because it was built around a small spring. Nowadays, the spring is located at the corner of Pushkin Street and Albişoara Street.
There is another city named [[Chişineu-Criş|Chişineu]] (alternative spelling: Chişinău) in Western [[Romania]], near the border with [[Hungary]], but its relation to Chişinău is highly disputed. Its [[Hungarian language]] name is Kisjenő (''kis'' "small" + the eponym "Jenő", the equivalent of the English "Eugene," pronounced ''yenə''), from which the Romanian name originates.
Chişinău is also known in [[Russian language|Russian]] as ''Кишинёв (Kishinyov)'', and in [[Polish Language|Polish]] as ''Kiszyniów''. It is written ''Kişinöv'' in the Latin [[Gagauz alphabet]]. During 1940–1941 and 1944–1989, it was also written as ''Кишинэу'' in the [[Moldovan alphabet|Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet]]. Historically, the English language name for the city was based on the modified Russian "Kishinev" since it entered the English language via Russian at the time Chişinău was part of the [[Russian Empire]] (e.g. [[Kishinev pogrom]]). Therefore, it remains a common English name in some historical contexts. Otherwise, however, Romanian-based "Chişinău" has been steadily gaining wider currency, especially in the written language.
[[Image:ChisinauGates.png|thumb|right|250px|Gates of Chisinau, [[Sectorul Botanica|Botanica sector]]]]
==The municipality==
[[Image:Sectoare Chişinău.png|left|thumb|200px|Administrative sectors of Chişinău]]
Moldova is administratively subdivided in 32 districts, 2 autonomous units, and 3 municipalities. Chişinău is one of the municipalities.<ref>[http://www.mapl.gov.md/index.php?ID=15 Moldovan Ministry for Local Public Administration], Moldovan Law 764-XV from December 27, 2001, ''Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova'', no. 16/53, December 29, 2001 </ref> Besides the city itself, the municipality comprises 34 other suburban localities, and is subdivided into 5 sectors, each comprising a part of the city itself and several suburbs.<ref>[http://www.mapl.gov.md/index.php?ID=15 Moldovan Ministry for Local Public Administration], Moldovan Law 431-XIII from April 19, 1995, ''Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova'', no. 31-32/340, June 9, 1995 </ref> The municipality in its totality elects a mayor and a local council, which then name 5 ''pretors'', one for each sector. The five sectors of Chişinău are:
*[[Sectorul Botanica|Botanica]]
*[[Sectorul Buiucani|Buiucani]]
*[[Sectorul Centru|Centru]]
*[[Sectorul Ciocana|Ciocana]]
*[[Sectorul Râşcani|Râşcani]]
As it can be noticed, only 18 of the 34 localities are incorporated (6 as cities and 12 as communes), electing a mayor and a local council, and they contain among them the remaining 16 localities.
==Geography and climate==
===Geography===
[[Image:RoseValley Chisinau.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Rose Valley.]]
The city is located on the river [[Bîc]], a tributary of the [[Dniester]], at {{coor dm|47|0|N|28|55|E|}}, with an area of 120 km². The whole [[municipality]] claims 635 km².
The city lies in the middle of the central area of Moldova.
Geographically convenient in the largely flat Eastern European country, the city is surrounded by a relatively level landscape with very fertile ground, offering the basis for the cultivation of [[grapevine]] and fruit since medieval times.
===Climate===
[[Image:P1010114.JPG|thumb|200px|Chişinău gardens]]
Chişinău has a [[continental climate]], characterized by hot dry summers and cold windy winters. Winter temperatures are often below 0°C, although they rarely drop below -10°C. In summer, the average temperature is approximately 25°C, however, temperatures sometimes reach 35-40°C in mid-summer in the city center. Although average [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] and [[humidity]] during summer is low, there are infrequent yet heavy storms. Spring and autumn temperatures vary between 16-24°C, and precipitation during this time tends to be higher than in summer, with more frequent yet milder periods of rain.
==History==
Founded in 1436 as a [[monastery]] town, the city was part of the [[Moldavia]]n Principality, which, starting with the 16th century fell under the [[suzerainty]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. At the beginning of the 19th century it was a small town of 7,000 inhabitants. In 1812 it was came under [[Russian Empire|Russian imperial]] administration, which made it the capital of the newly annexed [[gubernia]] of [[Bessarabia]]. Its population had grown to 92,000 by 1862 and to 125,787 by 1900.
===Industrial age===
[[Image:Chişinău 1889 1.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Chişinău, 1889.]]
[[Image:Chisinau SPOT 1107.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Chişinău seen from Spot Satellite]]
From 1834 an [[imperial]] townscape, with broad and long roads, emerged as a result of a generous town development plan, which divided the city roughly into two areas. The old part of the town - with its irregular building structures - and a newer City Center and station. Between 26 May 1830 and 13 October 1836 the architect [[Avraam Melnikov]] established the 'Catedrala Naşterea Domnului' (an Orthodox Cathedral) with a magnificent bell tower. In 1840 the building of the [[Triumphal Arch]], planned by the architect, Luca Zauşkevici, was completed. Following this the construction of numerous further buildings and landmarks began. The town also played an important part in the [[Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878|war between Russia and Turkey]] (1877–78), as the chief center of the Russian invasion.
===Pogrom and Pre-Revolution===
In the late 19th century, especially due to growing anti-semitic sentiment in [[Russia]] and better economic conditions, many Jews chose to settle in Chişinău. By the year 1900 43% of the population of Chişinău was [[Jewish]] - one of the highest numbers in Europe.
However, during 6 - 7 April 1903<ref name="pogrom">[http://kishinev.moldline.net/pogrom.html Virtual Kishinev, accessed 23 December 2007]</ref> a large [[anti-Semitic]] riot took place, which would later be known as the [[Kishinev pogrom]]. The events spanned three days of rioting, with 47-49 Jews killed, 92 severely wounded, and 500 suffering minor injuries. In addition several hundred houses and many businesses were plundered and destroyed. The pogroms are largely believed to have been incited by anti-Jewish propaganda in the only official [[newspaper]] of the time, 'Bessarabetz' (''Бессарабецъ''). The reactions to this incident included a petition to [[Tsar]] [[Nicholas II of Russia]] on behalf of the American people by the [[United States|US]] [[President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]] in July 1905.
On 22 August 1905 another bloody event occurred, whereby the police opened fire on an estimated 3,000 demonstrating agricultural workers. Only a few months later, 19 - 20 October 1905, a further protest occurred<ref name="pogrom"/>, helping to force the hand of Nicholas II in bringing about the [[October Manifesto]]. However, these demonstrations suddenly turned into an attack on Jews wherever they could be found, resulting in 19 deaths.
===World War I===
Following the Russian [[October Revolution]] the country declared [[independence]] from the fallen empire, before joining the [[Kingdom of Romania]]. During this period, Chişinău was in the background, being regarded as no more than a large provincial city. Only with the advent of modern technology and industrialization, it slowly rose into prominence.
Between 1918 and 1940 the center of the city undertook large [[renovation]] work. In 1927 a monument to the famous prince [[Stephen III of Moldavia]], by the sculptor [[Alexandru Plămădeală]] was erected.
===World War II===
[[Image:Eternitate 02.jpg|thumb|200px|''Eternitate'' memorial complex, dedicated to the soldiers of the [[Red Army]] who fell during the [[Jassy-Kishinev Operation]] of World War II]]
In the chaos of the [[World War II|Second World War]] Chişinău was nearly completely destroyed. This began with the [[Soviet]] occupation led by the [[Red Army]] on 28 June 1940. As the city began to recover from the takeover, a devastating earthquake occurred on 10 November 1940. The [[epicenter]] of the quake, which measured 7.3 on the [[Richter magnitude scale|Richter scale]], was in eastern [[Romania]] and subsequently led to substantial destruction in the city.
After scarcely one year, the assault on the newly created [[Moldovan SSR]] by the [[Germany|German]] and Romanian armies began. Beginning with July 1941 the city suffered from large-scale shooting and heavy bombardments by Nazi air raids. The Red Army resistance held until Chişinău finally fell on 17 July 1941.
Following the occupation, the city suffered from the characteristic mass murder of predominantly Jewish inhabitants. As had been seen elsewhere in Europe, the Jews were transported on trucks to the outskirts of the city and then shot in partially dug pits. The number of Jews murdered during the occupation of the city is estimated at approximately 10,000 people.<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/MemKishIntro.html "''Memories of the Holocaust: Kishinev (Chisinau) (1941-1944)''" from jewishvirtuallibrary.org]</ref>
As the war drew to a conclusion, the city was once more pulled into heavy fighting as German troops retreated. Chişinău was taken by the Red Army on 24 August 1944 as a result of the [[Jassy-Kishinev Operation]]. By this point the city had lost about 70% of its buildings - the earthquake of 1940 and the air raids contributing to the largest part of this.
After the war, Bessarabia was fully integrated into the Soviet Union. Most of Bessarabia became the Moldavian SSR with Chişinău as its capital; smaller parts of Bessarabia became parts of the [[Ukrainian SSR]].
===Soviet Union===
In the years 1947 to 1949 the architect [[Alexey Shchusev]] developed a plan with the aid of a team of architects for the gradual reconstruction of the city.
The beginning of the 1950s saw a rapid population growth, to which the Soviet administration responded by constructing large-scale housing and palaces in the style of [[Stalinist architecture]]. This process continued under [[Nikita Khrushchev]], who called for construction under the slogan "good, cheaper and built faster". The new architectural style brought about dramatic change and generated the style that dominates today, with large blocks of flats arranged in considerable settlements.
The period of the most significant development of the city was from 1971, when the [[Council of Ministers]] of the Soviet Union has adopted a decision "On the measures for further development of the city of Kishinev", which secured more than one billion [[Soviet ruble|rubles]] of investments from the state budget, until 1991, when [[Moldova]] gained independence, after a series of Moldovan nationalistic riots against Russian-speaking population (Russians, Ukranians, Jews, Gagauz and others).
Many streets of Chişinău are [[Street Names of Chisinau|named after historic persons, places or events]]. The independence from the Soviet Union was followed by a large-scale renaming of streets and localities from a Communist thematic into a national one.
==Politics and administration==
[[Image:Chisinau GouvernamentalBuilding.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''The Government Building'' - seat of the Moldovan government]]
Chişinău is governed by the City Council and the City Mayor ({{lang-ro|Primar}}), both elected once every four years. The current [[mayor]] is [[Dorin Chirtoacă]]. His predecessor was [[Serafim Urechean]]. Under the Moldovan constitution, Urechean - elected to parliament in 2005 - was prevented from holding an additional post to that of an MP. The [[Electoral Bloc Democratic Moldova|Democratic Moldova Bloc]] leader subsequently accepted his mandate and in April resigned from his former position. During his 11 year term, Urechean committed himself to the restoration of the church tower of the ''Catedrala Naşterea Domnului'', as well as improvements in public transport. From 1994, Chişinău saw the construction and launch of new [[trolleybus]] lines, as well as an increase in capacities of existing lines, in order to better connect the urban districts.
Between 23 May and 10 June 2005, the [[Central Election Commission]] received the applications of possible candidates for the office of mayor. The elections took place on 10 July, 24 July, 27 November and 11 December 2005. On the first occasion only 26.93% of voters participated, below the one-third turnout necessary to validate the poll. Three subsequent attempts in July, November and December saw the election turnout fall further to 19.82%, 22.37% and 22.07% respectively. After several months in limbo it was announced that the momentary office holder Vasile Ursu, could continue to hold the position, until the next scheduled elections in 2007.
The last elections took place on 3 June 2007. Two candidates emerged from the first round - Viaceslav Iordan from the Moldovan Communist party and Dorin Chirtoacă from the Liberal party. The second round of the voting on 17 June 2007 saw the victory of Mr. Chirtoacă. 36,26 % of the voters took part in the voting, just over the validation threshold.
The first mayor of Chişinău was [[Angel Nour]] in 1817. In 1941 the office was abolished. After the Soviet era and the re-establishment of the office in 1990 [[Nicolae Costin]] became the first democratically elected mayor.
==Economy==
Chişinău is the most economically-developed and [[Industrialization|industrialized]] city in Moldova. Chişinău is a major industrial and services center; its main industries include consumer and electrical goods, building materials, machinery, [[plastic]]s, [[rubber]], and [[textiles]]. The main service fields are [[banks of Moldova|banking]] and shopping/commerce.
Chişinău's economy is mainly centered on [[industry]] and [[Tertiary sector of economic activity|services]], with services particularly growing in importance in the last ten years.
==Transport==
[[Image:Airport Chisinau.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Chişinău International Airport]]]]
===Airport===
The [[Chişinău International Airport]] offers connections to a number of major cities, including [[Athens]], [[Bucharest]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Istanbul]], [[Kiev]], [[Lisbon]], [[London]], [[Milan]], [[Moscow]], [[Paris]], [[Riga]], [[Rome]], [[Vienna]] and other. The airport handled 689.000 passengers in 2007. It has a 3 km long runway (8 and 26).
===Bus and minibus===
The most popular form of internal [[transport]] in Moldova is generally the [[bus]]. Bus service in Chişinău can be very inexpensive, ranging from 1 leu to 3 lei. Although the city has just three main terminals, buses generally serve as the means of transport between different cities within and outside of Moldova. Popular destinations include [[Tiraspol]], [[Odessa]] (Ukraine) and [[Bucharest]] (Romania).
Within Chişinău and its suburbs privately-operated minibuses, known as "maxi-taxis," generally follow the major bus routes and appear more frequently. A ride in a maxi-taxi costs 3 Lei within the city.
===Rail===
[[Image:Chisinau train station.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Railway Station exterior]]
[[Image:Chisinau Station.jpg|thumb|200px|Chisinau Railway Station]]
An international railway terminal exists with possible connections to [[Bucharest]], [[Kiev]], [[Minsk]], [[Odessa]] and [[Moscow]]. Due to the simmering conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized Transnistria republic the rail traffic towards Ukraine is occasionally stopped.
===Taxi===
Taxis are very widespread in the city. Most taxis are operated by a group of companies, although there are always "illegal" or owner/operators who skirt the law by operating within the city-limits without a permit. Many of the taxi companies have a 4-digit service hotline starting with 14-XX, e.g. 1400, 1402, 1406, 1407, 1408, ... 1422, ... 1441, 1447, 1499.
Other useful (local) short numbers: 901 - Fire Emergency Service, 902 - Police, 903 - Ambulance, 904 - Gas Emergency Service.
==Education==
The city is home to 12 public and 11 private [[university|universities]], to the [[Academy of Sciences of Moldova]], as well as to a number of institutions offering both high-school education, as well as 1-2 years of college education.
Since the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]], the city has become a relatively lively and well-provisioned capital, with a much higher standard of living than most rural areas.
{{see also|List of public schools in Chişinău}}
==Architecture==
[[Image:SkyTower Chisinau.JPG|thumb|The Sky Tower building in the center of the city]]
In the XIX-th century the plan of growth of the city was developed. Many buildings were designed and built in a beautiful architectural frame, a lot of which embellish the city till nowadays. In 1836 the construction of the Cathedral and Belfry was finished.
During soviet time, the Belfry was demolished and only after regaining the independence, following the initiative of renowned people, the Municipality of Chisinau and thousands of citizens, the Belfry was rebuilt and the Cathedral was renovated.
===Modern architecture===
Actually, a lot of modern styled buildings are built in the city. As usual there is the living blocks. There are also a lot of office and shopping modern renovated or new built complexes. These are Kentford, SkyTower, [[Union Fenosa]] headquarter, etc.
==People and culture==
[[Image:CiufleaChurch.jpg|thumb|200px|Ciuflea [[Orthodox Church]]]]
===Demographics===
Total population: 647,513<ref>[http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&dat=200&srt=pnan&col=aohdqcfbeimg&geo=-136 Moldova: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population] World Gazetteer</ref>
The census held in 2004 reported the following ethnic composition:<ref>[http://www.statistica.md/recensamint.php?lang=ro 2004 census results in Moldova]</ref>
* 67.6% [[Moldovans]]*
* 13.9% [[Russians]]
* {{spaces|2}}8.3% [[Ukrainians]]
* {{spaces|2}}4.5% [[Romanians]]*
* {{spaces|2}}1.2% [[Bulgarians]]
* {{spaces|2}}0.9% [[Gagauz people|Gagauzians]]
* {{spaces|2}}1.6% others
* {{spaces|2}}1.9% undeclared
<!-- Please! Keep OFFICIAL Data. Thanks for your comprehension! -->
: *Official census data showed 67.6% ''Moldovans'' and 4.5% ''Romanians''; however, due to the contested status of the Moldovan ethnicity and [[OSCE]] objections over procedure, organizations such as the [[CIA World Factbook]] present them together. A group of international census experts described<ref>[http://azi.md/news?ID=34282 Experts Offering to Consult the National Statistics Bureau in Evaluation of the Census Data], ''Moldova Azi'', May 19, 2005, story attributed to [[AP Flux]]. Retrieved October 11, 2005.</ref> the 2004 Moldovan census as "generally conducted in a professional manner", while remarking that that "a few topics… were potentially more problematic", in particular, that the census includes at least some Moldovans who had been living abroad over one year at the time of the census and that the precision of numbers about nationality/ethnicity and language was questioned. Some enumerators apparently encouraged respondents to declare that they were "Moldovan" rather than "Romanian", and even within a single family there may have been confusion about these terms. Also it is unclear how many respondents consider the term "Moldovan" to signify an ethnic identity other than "Romanian".
===Sport===
[[Image:Presidential hotel Chisinau.JPG|thumb|right|200px|The presidential palace.]]
[[Image:Zimbru Stadium.JPG|thumb|left|200px|[[FC Zimbru Chişinău|FC Zimbru]] Stadium]]
There are four professional [[soccer|football]] clubs in Chişinău, all playing in the ''[[Divizia Naţională]]'' (national league): [[FC Zimbru Chişinău]], [[FC Dacia Chişinău]], [[FC Politehnica Chişinău]] and [[CSCA-Steaua Chişinău]], ranked respectively 4th, 5th, 7th and 8th tn the 2004/5 season. Of the larger football stadiums in the city, the ''Stadionul Republican'' (Republican Stadium) has 7687 seats<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/competitions/EURO/Teams/Team=57160/index.html Moldova] on UEFA website. Accessed 9 November 2006.</ref> and the ''Stadionul Dinamo'' (Dinamo Stadium) has a capacity of 2,692. The [[Zimbru Stadium|''Zimbru'' stadium]], opened in May 2006 with a capacity of 10,500 siting places, meets all the requirements for holding official international matches.
The Republican Stadium has been designated as the venue for [[Moldova national football team|Moldova's]] [[Euro 2008]] for the qualifying matches.
===Media===
The majority of Moldova's media industry is based in Chişinău. The only national broadcaster in the country is the state-owned ''[[Moldova 1]]'', which has its head office in the city. The broadcasts of ''[[TeleradioMoldova]]'' have been criticized by the Independent Journalism Center as showing 'bias' towards the authorities<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.ijc.md/en/about/Raport_septembrie_eng.pdf Monitoring of programs on Radio Moldova and TV Moldova 1]}}</ref>. There are some hopes that a new broadcasting code will resolve some of these issues.
The [[Romania]]n ''[[Pro TV]] Chişinău'' also broadcasts locally - was repeatedly thwarted in its attempts to obtain a national license by the government. The station broadcasts a mixture of independent local news, in addition to entertainment and documentary programs from Romania. ''Pro TV'' remains on air despite numerous threats<ref>[http://www.freemedia.at/cms/ipi/freedom_detail.html?country=/KW0001/KW0003/KW0072/&year=2003 2003 World Press Freedom Review]</ref> from [[Communist]] officials to close it down.
Other TV channels are ''Antena C'', ''CTC'', ''[[DTV (Moldovan TV channel)|DTV]]'', ''Euro TV'', ''[[MTV]]'', ''MuzTV'', ''NIT'' and ''TV 7''. In addition to television, most [[radio]] and newspaper companies have their HQ's in the city. Broadcasters include the national radio, ''Antena C'', ''BBC Moldova'', ''Europa Libera'', ''Kiss FM'', ''Pro FM'', ''Radio 21'', ''Fresh FM'' (Romanian radio station ''Naţional FM''), ''Radio Nova'', ''Russkoe radio'', ''Hit FM'', and many of others.
===Music and nightlife===
Chişinău is home to Moldova's largest recording labels, and is often the residence of Moldovan, and more recently [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]], musicians. The city's music scene is quite [[Eclecticism in music|eclectic]]. Many Moldovan rock bands of the 1970s and 1980s continue to be popular, particularly with the middle-aged, while since the 1990s there has been growth in the [[boy band]] and [[hip hop music|hip hop]] genres.
A famous band, Lăutarii, was established and also operates successfully in Chişinău.
There is also a renowned dance group, [[Codreanca]], which participates and wins prizes in international festivals.
==Twin cities==
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Iaşi]], [[Romania]]
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], [[USA]] (designated by [http://www.sister-cities.org/ Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI)])
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], [[France]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Mannheim]], [[Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]], [[Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Akhisar]], [[Turkey]]
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Odessa]], [[Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Reggio Emilia]], [[Italy]]
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Patras]], [[Greece]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Kraków]], [[Poland]]
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Greensboro, North Carolina]], [[USA]]
* {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia]]
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]]
==Gallery==
<center>
<gallery>
Image:Chisinau Center4.jpg|Chişinău City Center
Image:Chisinau SalaCuOrga.jpg|Sala Cu Orgă
Image:Chisinau Winter.jpg|Winter in Chişinău
Image:Chisinau center 08 11 2005.jpg|City Center
Image:Stefan Chisinau.jpg|Monument to Saint Stephen the Great of Moldova
Image:Vorota kishineva.jpg|"Gates of the city", Chişinău, Moldova
Image:Chi stefan park.jpg|Ştefan cel Mare Central Park
Image:Chisinau Piata Centrala.JPG|Piaţa Centrală
</gallery>
</center>
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal
| quotes =
| last = Hamm
| first = Michael F.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| date =
| year = 1998
| month = March
| title = Kishinev: The character and development of a Tsarist Frontier Town
| journal = [[Nationalities Papers]]
| volume = 26
| issue = 1
| pages = 19–37
| issn =
| pmid =
| doi =
| id =
| url =
| language =
| format =
| accessdate =
| laysummary =
| laysource =
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}}
== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|Chişinău}}
{{WikinewsPortalMoldova}}
{{Portal|Moldova}}
*[http://www.chisinau.md www.chisinau.md - official site of Chişinău] {{ro icon}};
*[http://www.virtualchisinau.com/ www.virtualchisinau.com - Chisinau photo gallery by districts and other useful information] {{ro icon}}, {{en icon}};
*[http://cam.info.md cam.info.md - Chisinau Live Webcam] some information in {{ro icon}}, {{en icon}}, {{ru icon}};
*[http://kishinev.lk.net/pictures.html Old (1995) Chişinău Photo-Gallery] - a lot of artistic photos;
*[http://www.nomer.org/kishinev/ Chişinău telephone directory] (primarily in {{ru icon}}, some minimal content in {{en icon}}, {{fr icon}}, {{de icon}});
*[http://www.kishinev.org Jewish community of Chişinău] {{en icon}}.
*{{wikitravel}}
===Maps===
* [http://citymap.md/map_en.php Interactive Map of Chişinău] (en, ro, ru)
* [http://www.allmoldova.com/map.php?lang=en Map of Chişinău]
{{Geolinks-cityscale|47.0107|28.8687}}
{{Municipality of Chişinău, Moldova|nested=yes}}
{{Administrative divisions of Moldova|nested=yes}}
{{European capitals}}
<!--[[mo:Кишинэу]]-->
[[Category:1436 establishments]]
[[Category:Capitals in Europe]]
[[Category:Chişinău| ]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Moldova]]
[[Category:Settlements established in the 1430s]]
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[[af:Chişinău]]
[[am:ኪሺንው]]
[[ar:كيشيناو]]
[[be-x-old:Кішынёў]]
[[bs:Kišinjev]]
[[bg:Кишинев]]
[[ca:Chişinău]]
[[cv:Кишинёв]]
[[cs:Kišiněv]]
[[co:Chisinau]]
[[cy:Chişinău]]
[[da:Chişinău]]
[[de:Chişinău]]
[[et:Chişinău]]
[[el:Κισινάου]]
[[es:Chisinau]]
[[eo:Kiŝinevo]]
[[eu:Chisinau]]
[[fo:Chişinău]]
[[fr:Chişinău]]
[[gv:Chişinău]]
[[gd:Chişinău]]
[[gl:Chisinau - Chişinău]]
[[ko:키시너우]]
[[hy:Քիշնև]]
[[hi:चिशिनाउ]]
[[hr:Kišinjev]]
[[io:Chisinau]]
[[id:Kishinev]]
[[is:Kisínev]]
[[it:Chişinău]]
[[he:קישינב]]
[[ka:კიშინიოვი]]
[[sw:Kishineu]]
[[ht:Chisinaou]]
[[la:Chisinau]]
[[lv:Kišiņeva]]
[[lt:Kišiniovas]]
[[lij:Chişinău]]
[[hu:Chişinău]]
[[nl:Chisinau]]
[[ja:キシナウ]]
[[no:Chişinău]]
[[nn:Chişinău]]
[[nov:Kishinau]]
[[oc:Chişinău]]
[[pms:Chişinău]]
[[pl:Kiszyniów]]
[[pt:Chişinău]]
[[ro:Chişinău]]
[[rm:Chişinău]]
[[qu:Chişinău]]
[[ru:Кишинёв]]
[[sa:चिशिनौ]]
[[sq:Chişinău]]
[[scn:Chişinău]]
[[simple:Chişinău]]
[[sk:Kišiňov]]
[[sr:Кишињев]]
[[sh:Kišinjev]]
[[fi:Chişinău]]
[[sv:Chişinău]]
[[tl:Chişinău]]
[[th:คีชีเนา]]
[[vi:Chişinău]]
[[tg:Кишинёв]]
[[tr:Kişinev]]
[[uk:Кишинів]]
[[vec:Chişinău]]
[[diq:Kişinew]]
[[zh:基希讷乌]]