Children's Hospital Boston 1493152 224602805 2008-07-09T16:42:48Z CHBPlastic4964 7448664 {{Hospital | Name = Children's Hospital Boston| Location = [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] | State = [[Massachusetts]] | Country = United States | Beds = 397 licensed beds (as of April 2008) | HealthCare = Private | Type = Independent, non-profit pediatric hospital specializing in secondary through quaternary care | Affiliation = [[Harvard Medical School]]| Certification = [[Level I trauma center|Level I Regional Pediatric Trauma Center ]] | Speciality = [[Pediatrics]] and pediatric subspecialties | Founded = 1869 | Website = http://www.childrenshospital.org | childrenshospital.org |}} [[Image:tch-boston.jpg|thumb|''Main entrance (on Longwood Avenue) to Children's Hospital Boston.'']] '''Children's Hospital Boston''' is a [[children's hospital]] located in the [[Longwood Medical and Academic Area]] of [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. Located at 300 Longwood Avenue, Children's is adjacent both to its teaching affiliate, [[Harvard Medical School]], and to [[Dana-Farber Cancer Institute]]. (Dana-Farber and Children's jointly operate [http://www.danafarberchildrens.org/default.html Dana-Farber/Children’s Hospital Cancer Care], a 60-year-old partnership established to deliver comprehensive care to children with and survivors of all types of childhood [[cancers]].) In 2008, for the 19th year in a row, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' rated Children's Hospital Boston one of the nation's top two hospitals specializing in pediatric care. Children's also ranked in the top 4 of all subspecialty categories: #1 in heart & heart surgery and in digestive disorders; #2 in cancer care and neurology & neurosugery; #3 in neonatal care; and #4 in respiratory disorders.<ref>[http://health.usnews.com/sections/health/best-childrens-hospitals/index.html "Best Hospitals 2008 Specialty Search: Pediatrics"] ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', Accessed October 8, 2007.</ref> Children's was the first stand-alone pediatric hospital in New England to be awarded [http://www.nursecredentialing.org/magnet/ Magnet]status by the [[American Nurses Credentialing Center]].<ref>[http://www.nursecredentialing.org/ancc/magnet/getdetail.cfm?magnetid=2140 Magnet-Designated Facility Information], Accessed April 7, 2008.</ref> One of the largest pediatric medical centers in the United States, Children's offers a complete range of health care services for children from birth through 21 years of age. Its [http://www.childrenshospital.org/afcc Advanced Fetal Care Center] can begin interventions at 15 weeks gestation, and in some situations--e.g., [[congential heart disease]] and [[strabismus]]--Children's treats adults. The hospital's clinical staff includes approximately 963 active [[medical]] and [[Dentistry|dental]] staff, 897 residents and fellows, 1,571 full-time [[nurses]], and 5,200 other full and part-time employees. A trained team of more than 800 volunteers devote thousands of hours each year to support the hospital staff and patients. Dr. [[James Mandell]], is the current president and CEO. The [http://www.childrenshospital.org/international/Site1396/mainpageS1396P1sublevel2.html International Center] at Children's Hospital Boston serves patients from more than 100 countries including coordination of visits, medical records, travel, accommodation, and immigration. Children's is part of the consortium of hospitals that operates [[Boston MedFlight]]. ==History== Children's was founded in 1869 as a 20-bed facility at 9 Rutland Street in Boston's South End neighborhood and became affiliated with Harvard Medical School in 1903. Below is a partial list* of historic milestones: 1891 - Children's establishes the nation's first laboratory for the modification and production of [[bacteria-free milk]]. 1920 - Dr. William Ladd devises procedures for correcting various [[congenital defects]] such as [[intestinal]] malformations, launching the specialty of [[pediatric surgery]]. 1938 - Dr. Robert Gross performs the world's first successful surgical procedure to correct a congenital [[cardiovascular defect]], ushering in the era of modern pediatric [[cardiac surgery]]. 1947 - Dr.Sidney Farber,Pediatric Pathologist, requested Dr. Yellapragada Subbarow of Lederle lab and formerly his friend and colleague in Harvard Medical School, to supply Aminopterin and later Amithopterin( Methotrexate) to conduct trials on Acute leukemic children. He achieves the world's first partial remission of acute leukemia. He goes on to co-found the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in 1950. 1954 - Dr. [[John Enders]] and his colleagues win the [[Nobel Prize]] for successfully culturing the [[polio virus]] in 1949, making possible the development of the Salk and Sabin [[vaccines]]. Enders and his team went on to culture the [[measles virus]]. 1971 - Dr. [[Judah Folkman]] publishes "[[Tumor]] [[angiogenesis]]: therapeutic implications" in the [[New England Journal of Medicine]]. It is the first paper to describe Folkman's theory that tumors recruit new [[blood vessels]] in order to grow. 1983 - Children's physicians report the first surgical correction of [[hypoplastic left heart syndrome]], a defect in which an infant is born without a left [[Ventricle (heart)|ventricle]]. The procedure is the first to correct what previously had been a fatal condition. 1986 - Children's surgeons perform the hospital's first [[heart transplant]]. Later in the year, a 15-month-old patient becomes the youngest person in New England to receive a heart transplant. '''In the last twenty years:''' 1989 - Researchers in [[Neurology]] and [[Genetics]] discover that [[beta amyloid]], a protein that accumulates in the brains of people with [[Alzheimer's disease]], is toxic to neurons, indicating the possible cause of the degenerative disease. 1997 - [[Endostatin]], one of the most potent inhibitors of angiogenesis, is discovered by Drs. Michael O'Reilly and Judah Folkman. In mice, endostatin has shown promise in slowing some cancers to a dormant state. Phase I clinical trials began at three centers in 1999. 1998 - [http://www.childrenshospital.org/research/mrrc/investigators/snyder/ Dr. Evan Snyder] clones the first neural [[stem cells]] from the human central nervous system, offering the possibility of cell replacement and gene therapies for patients with [[neurodegenerative disease]], neural injury or [[paralysis]]. 1999- Children's establishes its [http://www.childrenshospital.org/afcc Advanced Fetal Care Center] to provide diagnostic services, genetic and obstetrical counseling, and prenatal or immediate postpartum intervention for fetuses with complex birth defects. 1999 - [http://www.childrenshospital.org/cfapps/research/data_admin/Site170/mainpageS170P0.html Larry Benowitz, PhD] grows [[nerve cells]] in the damaged [[spinal cords]] of rats, a significant step in the treatment of [[spinal cord injuries]]. The next year, Benowitz discovers [[inosine]], an important molecule in controlling axon regeneration in nerve cells. '''Since 2000:''' 2000 - Children's performs its 100th [[heart transplant]]. 2001 - Children's performs the world's first successful fetal repair of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in a 19-week-old fetus. 2002 - [http://children.photobooks.com/directory/profile.asp?dbase=main&setsize=5&last=pomeroy&pict_id=9902970 Dr. Scott Pomeroy] and [http://children.photobooks.com/directory/profile.asp?dbase=main&setsize=5&last=golub&pict_id=9903570 Dr. Todd Golub] use [[microarray gene expression]] profiling to identify different types of [[brain tumors]] and predict clinical outcome. This allows [[radiation]] and [[chemotherapy]] to be tailored to kill cancer cells while leaving healthy tissue alone. 2003 - [http://children.photobooks.com/directory/profile.asp?dbase=main&setsize=5&last=kim&pict_id=1764234 Dr. Heung Bae Kim] and [http://children.photobooks.com/directory/profile.asp?dbase=main&setsize=5&last=jaksic&pict_id=9905760 Dr. Tom Jaksic] develop, test and successfully perform the world's first-ever [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1993/mainpageS1993P9.html serial transverse enteroplasty procedure], a potential lifesaver for patients with [[short bowel syndrome]]. 2004 - Children's surgeons perform New England's first multivisceral organ transplant when 11-month-old Abdullah Alazemi receives a [[stomach]], [[pancreas]], [[liver]] and [[small intestine]] from a single donor. 2005 - In the best-documented effort to date, [http://www.childrenshospital.org/cfapps/research/data_admin/Site2236/mainpageS2236P0.html Felix Engel, PhD], and [http://www.childrenshospital.org/cfapps/research/data_admin/Site199/mainpageS199P0.html Dr. Mark Keating] successfully get adult heart-muscle cells to divide and multiply in mammals, the first step in regenerating heart tissue. They are now investigating whether their technique can improve heart function in animal models of cardiac injury. 2006 - [http://children.photobooks.com/directory/profile.asp?dbase=main&setsize=5&last=umetsu&pict_id=1812303 Dr. Dale Umetsu], [http://www.childrenshospital.org/cfapps/research/data_admin/Site2222/mainpageS2222P0.html Dr. Omid Akbari] and colleagues report that a newly recognized type of [[immune cell]], [http://www.childrenshospital.org/cfapps/research/data_admin/Site1201/Documents/CD1dpaper2003NKTcells.pdf NKT], may play an important role in causing [[asthma]], even in the absence of conventional [[T-helper cells]]. Moreover, NKT cells respond to a different class of [[antigens]] than are currently recognized to trigger asthma. 2006 - Dr. Larry Benowitz and colleagues discover a naturally occurring growth factor called [http://www.childrenshospital.org/newsroom/Site1339/mainpageS1339P1sublevel206.html oncomodulin] that stimulates regeneration in injured [[optic nerves]], raising the possibility of treating blindness due to optic-nerve damage and the hope of achieving similar regeneration in the spinal cord and brain. *A more complete list of milestones is available [http://www.childrenshospital.org/about/Site1394/mainpageS1394P2.html here]. *Visit the [http://www.childrenshospital.org/archives Children's Hospital Boston Archives Web Page] to learn more about the history of Children's. ==Clinical Services== Children's records approximately 22,600 discharges each year. The 200 outpatient programs have more than 471,000 visits annually, while those in Children’s Department of [[Emergency Medicine]] treat more than 55,000 annually. The hospital performs 22,000 surgical procedures and 170,000 radiological examinations every year. Among the hospital's features are: * a Level IV [http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site1736/mainpageS1736P0.html Neonatal Intensive Care Unit] * a Hematopoietic [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1977/mainpageS1977P0.html Stem Cell Transplantation Unit] * a [http://www.childrenshospital.org/cfapps/research/data_admin/Site2205/mainpageS2205P0.html Neuroscience] Unit (including the first [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site2131/mainpageS2131P4.html mobile MRI] suite in a pediatric hospital) * a Level I [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1436/mainpageS1436P0.html Pediatric Trauma Center] * a [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site457/mainpageS457P0.html Cardiovascular Program] named as a national Center of Excellence * two [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1860/mainpageS1860P5.html da Vinci Surgical Systems for robotic surgery] * a 30 bed Medical Surgical Intensive Care Unit * a [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1935/mainpageS1935P0.html Department of Plastic Surgery] dedicated to inpatient procedures as well as outpatient consultation and ongoing treatment for a host of conditions. Most inpatient rooms include accommodations for a parent to stay overnight and have wireless Internet access; all floors have lounges and activity areas for patients and families. The more than 160 outpatient programs at Children’s range in focus area from general pediatrics to subspecialty programs. Key clinical programs and facilities include: * the [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site2021/mainpageS2021P0.html Advanced Fetal Care Center] * the [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site2224/mainpageS2224P0.html Center for Communication Disorders] * the [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1921/mainpageS1921P0.html Developmental Medicine Center] * a world renowned multi-disciplinary [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1964/mainpageS1964P0.html Vascular Anomalies Center] which utilizes specialists from seventeen differing medical disciplines. * one of the largest [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1858/mainpageS1858P0.html Cleft Lip and Palate Programs] in the United States, which treats almost 600 patients a year. The program includes specialists from the [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1935/mainpageS1935P0.html Department of Plastic Surgery] as well as [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1919/mainpageS1919P0.html Dentistry] and [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site2145/mainpageS2145P0.html Speech and Language Pathology]. * a multi-disciplinary [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1862/mainpageS1862P0.html Craniofacial Anomalies Program] which treats over 500 patients (250 of them new), every year. The program diagnoses and treats a host of cranifacial conditions as well as those syndromes that may include side craniofacial side effects. A complete list of department, programs and services is available [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices.cfm here]. Children’s is also an active participant in a number of cooperative programs, including the Boston Center for Heart Transplantation and the [http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1991/mainpageS1991P0.html Dana-Farber/Children’s Hospital Cancer Care Program]. == Research== With more than {{convert|680000|sqft|m2|-3}} of state-of-the-art laboratory space, Children's is home to the world's largest research enterprise based at a pediatric medical center. Its discoveries have benefited both children and adults [http://www.childrenshospital.org/research/Site2031/mainpageS2031P5.html since 1869]. More than 741 scientists, including eight members of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]], nine members of the [[Institute of Medicine]] and nine members of the [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]], comprise Children's research community. Children’s current initiatives have attracted a record US $120 million in funding, which includes more federal funding than is awarded to any other pediatric facility. In the John F. Enders Pediatric Research laboratories, named for the Children's researcher and Nobel Prize recipient who cultured the polio and measles viruses, hundreds of laboratory researchers and physician investigators search for answers to some of the most perplexing diseases. In 2003, Children's dramatically increased its research capacity with the opening of the {{convert|295000|sqft|m2|-2|sing=on}} [http://www.childrenshospital.org/patientsfamilies/Site1393/mainpageS1393P185sublevel186Flevel196.html Karp Family Research Laboratories]. The Karp family gift is just one of many important gifts that support Children's vital research enterprise. Through the years, scientists at Children’s have set the pace in pediatric research, identifying treatments and therapies for many debilitating diseases, including those of adulthood. ==Nobel Prizes== Children's Hospital scientist Dr. [[John Enders]] and his team were first to successfully culture the polio virus and were awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1954. Dr. [[Joseph Murray]], chief plastic surgeon at Children's Hospital Boston from 1972-1985 was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1990 for his research on [[immunosuppression]]. ==References== <references/> ==External links== *[http://www.childrenshospital.org/ Children's Hospital Boston website] *[http://www.childrenshospital.org/research/ Research at Children's Hospital Boston] *[http://www.childrenshospital.org/giving/ Children's Hospital Trust, the philanthropic resource of Children's Hospital Boston] [[Category:Children's hospitals in the United States]] [[Category:Teaching hospitals in the United States]] [[Category:Hospitals in Massachusetts]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Boston, Massachusetts]] [[zh:波士頓兒童醫院]]