Chimaera 490225 220722019 2008-06-21T07:04:32Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. Initiated by [[User:Fconaway|Fconaway]]. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. {{about|fish|other uses|Chimera}} {{Taxobox | name = Chimaeras | fossil_range = [[Devonian]]–Recent | image = Hydrolagus colliei.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Hydrolagus colliei]]'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Chondrichthyes]] | subclassis = [[Holocephali]] | ordo = '''Chimaeriformes''' | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = See text for families, genera and species. }} '''Chimaeras''' are [[Chondrichthyes|cartilaginous fish]] in the order '''Chimaeriformes'''. They are related to the [[shark]]s and [[batoidea|rays]], and are sometimes called '''ghost sharks''', '''ratfish''' (not to be confused with the "[[rattail]]s"), or '''rabbitfishes'''. Chimaeras live in temperate [[ocean]] floors and grow up to two [[metre|meters]] long. Like other members of the class [[Chondrichthyes]], chimaeras have a [[skeleton]] constructed of [[cartilage]]. Their [[skin]] is smooth and lacks [[scale (zoology)|scales]], and their color can range from black to brownish gray. For defense, most chimaeras have a [[venom]]ous [[spine (biology)|spine]] located in front of the [[dorsal fin]]. Chimaeras resemble sharks in some ways: they employ [[clasper]]s for internal fertilization of females and they lay [[Egg (biology)|eggs]] with [[leather]]y cases. They differ from sharks in that their upper [[jaw]]s are fused with their [[skull]]s; they have separate [[anus|anal]] and [[urogenital]] openings; and they lack the many sharp and replaceable teeth of sharks, having instead a few large permanent grinding tooth plates. === Albino Puget Sound ratfish === A rare [[albino]] [[Puget Sound]] ratfish was discovered near [[Whidbey Island]], [[Washington]]. It is the only pure albino among the 7.2 million [[specimens]] in the [[University of Washington]]'s [[fish]] [[collection]]. <ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20961361/ Scientists discover rare albino ratfish]</ref> == Gallery == <gallery> Image:2542_aquaimages.jpg|Ratfish, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. Image:2535_aquaimages.jpg|Ratfish, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. Image:2534_aquaimages.jpg|Ratfish, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. Image:2537_aquaimages.jpg|Ratfish, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. </gallery> ==Classification== In some classifications the chimaeras are included (as subclass Holocephali) in the class [[Chondrichthyes]] of cartilaginous fishes; in other systems this distinction may be raised to the level of class. Chimaeras also have some [[characteristics]] of [[Osteichthyes|bony fishes]]. There are about forty species in six genera and three families: [[Image:Callorhinchus callorynchus.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[Elephantfish]], ''Callorhinchus callorynchus'']] Family [[Callorhinchidae]] * Genus ''[[Callorhinchus]]'' ** [[Elephant fish]], ''Callorhinchus callorynchus'' <small>([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small> ** [[Cape elephantfish]], ''Callorhinchus capensis'' <small>([[André Marie Constant Duméril|Duméril]], 1865)</small> ** [[Australian ghost shark]], ''Callorhinchus milii'' <small>[[Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent|Bory de Saint-Vincent]], 1823</small> * Genus ''[[Edaphodon]]'' **''[[Edaphodon agassizi]]'' <small>[[William Buckland|Buckland]], 1835</small> **''[[Edaphodon antwerpiensis]]'' <small>[[M. Leriche|Leriche]], 1926</small> **''[[Edaphodon bucklandi]]'' <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1843</small> **''[[Edaphodon eyrensis]] <small>[[J.A. Long|Long]], 1985</small> **''[[Edaphodon kawai]]'' <small>[[Christopher Consoli|Consoli]], 2006</small> **''[[Edaphodon laqueatus]]'' <small>[[Joseph Leidy|Leidy]], 1873</small> **''[[Edaphodon leptognathus]]'' - (''has not been formally classified'') <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]]</small> **''[[Edaphodon minor]]'' **''[[Edaphodon mirabilis]]'' - (''has not been formally classified'') **''[[Edaphodon mirificus]]'' <small>[[Joseph Leidy|Leidy]], 1856</small> **''[[Edaphodon sedgwicki]]'' **''[[Edaphodon smocki]]'' <small>[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]]</small> **''[[Edaphodon stenobryus]]'' <small>[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]]</small> **''[[Edaphodon tripartitus]]'' <small>[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]]</small> [[Image:Chimaera monstrosa.png|thumb|right|240px|''[[Chimaera monstrosa]]'']] Family [[Chimaeridae]] * Genus ''[[Chimaera (fish)|Chimaera]]'' ** ''[[Chimaera cubana]]'' <small>Howell Rivero, 1936</small> ** ''[[Chimaera jordani]]'' <small>Tanaka, 1905</small> ** [[Carpenter's chimaera]], ''Chimaera lignaria'' <small>Didier, 2002</small> ** ''[[Chimaera monstrosa]]'' <small>[[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758</small> ** ''[[Chimaera owstoni]]'' <small>Tanaka, 1905</small> ** ''[[Chimaera panthera]]'' <small>Didier, 1998</small> ** [[Silver chimaera]], ''Chimaera phantasma'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Snyder, 1900</small> [[Image:Hydrolagus affinis.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Smalleyed rabbitfish]], ''Hydrolagus affinis'']] * Genus ''[[Hydrolagus]]'' ** [[Smalleyed rabbitfish]], ''Hydrolagus affinis'' <small>(de Brito Capello, 1868)</small> ** [[African chimaera]], ''Hydrolagus africanus'' <small>(Gilchrist, 1922)</small> ** ''[[Hydrolagus alberti]]'' <small>Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951</small> ** ''[[Hydrolagus alphus]]'' <small>Quaranta et al., 2006</small>.<ref>{{cite journal | journal = Zootaxa | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01377p045f.pdf | volume = 1377 | year = 2006 | pages = 33–45 | title = A new species of chimaeroid, Hydrolagus alphus sp. nov. (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from the Galapagos Islands | author = Quaranta et al.}}</ref> ** ''[[Hydrolagus barbouri]]'' <small>([[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1908)</small> ** [[Pale ghost shark]], ''Hydrolagus bemisi'' <small>Didier, 2002</small> ** [[Spotted ratfish]], ''Hydrolagus colliei'' <small>(Lay & Bennett, 1839)</small> ** [[Philippine chimaera]], ''Hydrolagus deani'' <small>(Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)</small> ** ''[[Hydrolagus eidolon]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Hubbs, 1925)</small> ** [[Blackfin ghostshark]], ''Hydrolagus lemures'' <small>(Whitley, 1939)</small> ** ''[[Hydrolagus macrophthalmus]]'' <small>de Buen, 1959</small> ** ''[[Hydrolagus matallanasi]]'' <small>Sotto & Vooren, 2004</small> ** ''[[Hydrolagus mccoskeri]]'' ** ''[[Hydrolagus media]]'' <small>([[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1911)</small>. ** [[Large-eyed rabbitfish]], ''Hydrolagus mirabilis'' <small>(Collett, 1904)</small> ** Spookfish, ''[[Hydrolagus mitsukurii]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Snyder, 1904)</small>. ** [[Dark ghost shark]], ''Hydrolagus novaezealandiae'' <small>(Fowler, 1911)</small> ** ''[[Hydrolagus ogilbyi]]'' <small>(Waite, 1898)</small> ** ''[[Hydrolagus pallidus]]'' <small>Hardy & Stehmann, 1990</small> ** [[Purple chimaera]], ''Hydrolagus purpurescens'' <small>(Gilbert, 1905)</small> ** [[Pointy-nosed blue chimaera]], ''Hydrolagus trolli'' <small>Didier & Séret, 2002</small> ** ''[[Hydrolagus waitei]]'' <small>Fowler, 1908</small> Family [[Rhinochimaeridae]] * Genus ''[[Harriotta]]'' ** [[Smallspine spookfish]], ''Harriotta haeckeli'' <small>Karrer, 1972</small> ** [[Narrownose chimaera]], ''Harriotta raleighana'' <small>Goode & Bean, 1895</small>.[[Image:Harriotta raleighana.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Narrownose chimaera]], ''Harriotta raleighana'']] * Genus ''[[Neoharriotta]]'' ** ''[[Neoharriotta carri]]'' <small>Bullis & Carpenter, 1966</small> ** [[Sicklefin chimaera]], ''Neoharriotta pinnata'' <small>(Schnakenbeck, 1931)</small> ** ''[[Neoharriotta pumila]]'' <small>Didier & Stehmann, 1996</small> * Genus ''[[Rhinochimaera]]'' ** ''[[Rhinochimaera africana]]'' <small>Compagno, Stehmann & Ebert, 1990</small> ** [[Spearnose chimaera]], ''Rhinochimaera atlantica'' <small>Holt & Byrne, 1909</small> ** [[Pacific spookfish]], ''Rhinochimaera pacifica'' <small>(Mitsukuri, 1895)</small> ==References== * {{FishBase order | order = Chimaeriformes | month = January | year = 2006}} <references/> {{Chondrichthyes}} [[Category:Chimaeriformes| ]] [[Category:Cartilaginous fishes]] [[bs:Himere]] [[de:Seekatzen]] [[es:Chimaeriformes]] [[fr:Holocephali]] [[it:Holocephali]] [[mk:Химера]] [[nl:Zeekatten (vissen)]] [[no:Helhodefisker]] [[oc:Holocephali]] [[pl:Zrosłogłowe]] [[ru:Цельноголовые]] [[sr:Химере]] [[fi:Koppapäiset]] [[zh:银鲛目]]