Chin augmentation 1505801 221527707 2008-06-24T22:10:35Z 208.113.236.112 /* External links */ removing spam from Citizendium members '''Chin augmentation''' using [[Implant (medicine)|surgical implants]] can alter the underlying structure of the [[face]], providing better balance to the facial features. This operation is often, but not always, performed at the time of [[rhinoplasty]] to help balance the facial proportions. Chin augmentation may be achieved by manipulation of the jaw bone (mandible) and augmentation utilizing this technique usually provides a more dramatic correction than with the use of prosthetic implants. [[Chin]] implants are to build a better profile.<Ref>Aufricht, G: combined plastic surgery of the nose and chin; resume of twenty seven years’ experiences. Am J Surg 1958 Feb;95(2): 231-6</ref> Patients’ own bone is donated from ribs and from part of the pelvis (the ilium.) Unfortunately, use of donated bone implants in chin augmentation, even the patient’s own, appears to be associated with a higher rate of [[infection]], even after the implant has been in place for decades. Chin augmentation is still popular because it’s a relatively easy operation for the patient while producing noticeable changes in the [[silhouette]] of the face. This type of surgery is usually performed by a either an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, otolaryngologist, or plastic surgeon. ==Potential risks and side effects== The usual complications are relatively minor and include swelling, [[hematoma]] (blood pooling) and numbness of the lower lip which usually does not last long. Other, less common risks include infection, bony changes and displacement of the implant.<ref>Costantino PD. FriedmanCD: Soft-tissue augmentation and replacement in the head and neck. General considerations, Ontolaryngol Clin North Am 1994 Feb;27(1): 1-12</ref> ==Chemical compositions== Gore-tex used in plastic surgery and other operations is known by an abbreviation of its chemical name, [[ePTFE]] (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) or Gore S.A.M. (subcutaneous augmentation material.)<ref>Gore Medical Products Maas CS, Merwin GE, Wilson J, et al: Comparison of biomaterials for facial augmentation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990 May; 116(5): 551-6.</ref> ePTFE is used in medicine because it is [[biocompatible]] and does not cause problems inside the human body. Because ePTFE is flexible and soft but very strong, it is inserted during operations in trimmed sheets and carved blocks and held to the bone by [[titanium]] screws. But because the material is [[porous]], the force that really holds the implant in place is soft tissue and bone growing through and into the implant. Another chin augmentation implant material is commercially known as AlloDerm and known to physicians as acellular human cadavertic derms. AlloDerm comes from tissue donors; just after death, technicians remove a thin layer of skin and use [[antibiotics]] and other substances to remove the cells and donor [[DNA]] that may cause rejection. The [[graft]] that emerges is often used to cover chin implants. Other typical types of chin implants include [[silicone]] implants in varying degrees of softness; silicone [[elastomers]] (any of various polymers having the elastic properties of natural rubber) and porous [[polyethylene]] implants. Other common implant materials include Supramid, a braided nonabsorbale synthetic suture material in polymer shell and Mersiline, a mesh-like material that provides a scaffold on the bone.<ref>Guyuron B, Raszewski RL: A critical comparison of osteoplasic and alloplastic augmentation genioplasty. Aesthhetic Plast Surg 1990 Summer, 14(3): 199-206</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==See also== *[[Chin sling]] *[[Orthognathic surgery]] *[[Maxillofacial Surgery]] *[[Plastic Surgery]] *[[Otolaryngology]] ==External links== *[http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/519835_print Combining Chin-Jowl Implants with Local Anesthesia Facial Rejuvenation] *[http://www.facialplasticsurgery.net/forum/forum.php?category=5 Facial Plastic Surgery Network Discussion Forum] <BR><BR> {{Treatment-stub}} [[Category:Implants]] [[Category:Plastic surgery]] [[Category:Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]