Chloride 66269 223450551 2008-07-04T03:34:15Z Munkel Davidson 7327965 turning the food you eat in energy. –> turning food into energy. The '''chloride [[ion]]''' is formed when the [[chemical element|element]] [[chlorine]] picks up one [[electron]] to form an [[anion]] (negatively-charged ion) '''Cl<small><sup>&minus;</sup></small>'''. The [[salt]]s of [[hydrochloric acid]] [[Hydrogen|H]][[Chlorine|Cl]] contain chloride ions and can also be called '''chlorides'''. An example is table salt, which is [[sodium chloride]] with the [[chemical formula]] NaCl. In [[water (molecule)|water]], it dissolves into Na<small><sup>+</sup></small> and Cl<small><sup>&minus;</sup></small> ions. The word '''chloride''' can also refer to a [[chemical compound]] in which one or more chlorine [[atom]]s are [[covalent bond|covalently bonded]] in the [[molecule]]. This means that chlorides can be either [[inorganic]] or [[organic compound]]s. The simplest example of an inorganic covalently-bonded chloride is [[hydrogen chloride]], HCl. A simple example of an organic covalently-bonded (an [[organochloride]]) chloride is [[chloromethane]] (CH<sub>3</sub>Cl), often called methyl chloride. In the [[petroleum industry]], the chlorides are a closely monitored constituent of the [[drilling fluid|mud system]]. The increase of the chlorides in the mud system could indicate the possibility of drilling into a high-pressure saltwater formation. Its increase can also indicate the poor quality of a target sand. Other examples of inorganic covalently-bonded chlorides that are used as [[reactant]]s are: *[[phosphorus trichloride]], [[phosphorus pentachloride]], and [[thionyl chloride]], all three of which reactive chlorinating [[reagent]]s that have been used in a [[laboratory]] *[[disulfur dichloride]] (S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>), used for [[vulcanization]] of [[rubber]]. ==Human health== Chloride is a chemical the human body needs for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy). It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of chloride in the blood is carefully controlled by the kidneys. ''Further reading:[[Renal chloride reabsorption]]'' Chloride ions have important [[physiology|physiological]] roles. For instance, in the [[central nervous system]], the inhibitory action of [[glycine]] and some of the action of [[GABA]] relies on the entry of Cl<small><sup>&minus;</sup></small> into specific neurons. Also, the [[chloride-bicarbonate exchanger]] biological transport [[protein]] relies on the chloride ion to increase the [[blood]]'s capacity of [[carbon dioxide]], in the form of the [[bicarbonate]] ion. The normal [[blood values|blood reference range]] of chloride for adults in most labs is 95 to 105 milliequivalents (mEq) per liter. The normal range may vary slightly from lab to lab. Normal ranges are usually shown next to your results in the lab report. The North American [[Dietary Reference Intake]] recommends a daily intake of between 2300 and 3600 mg/day for 25-year-old males. ==Other applications== Chloride is also a useful and reliable chemical indicator of river / groundwater fecal contamination, as chloride is a non-reactive solute and ubiquitous to sewage. {{fix|link=Wikipedia:Contents|text=citation needed}} [[Category:Anions]] [[Category:Chlorides| ]] [[Category:Leaving group]] [[Category:Dietary minerals]] [[Category:Oilfield terminology]] [[bg:Хлорид]] [[ca:Clorur]] [[cs:Chloridy]] [[de:Chloride]] [[et:Kloriidid]] [[es:Cloruro]] [[eo:Klorido]] [[fr:Chlorure]] [[id:Klorida]] [[it:Cloruro]] [[he:כלוריד]] [[ms:Klorida]] [[nl:Chloride]] [[ja:塩化物]] [[no:Klorid]] [[nn:Klorid]] [[pl:Chlorki]] [[pt:Cloreto]] [[simple:Chloride]] [[sk:Chlorid]] [[sr:Хлорид]] [[fi:Kloridi]] [[sv:Klorid]] [[tr:Klorür]] [[zh:氯化物]]