Chlorine pentafluoride
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{{Chembox new
| Name = Chlorine pentafluoride
| ImageFile = Chlorine-pentafluoride-2D-dimensions.png
| ImageFile1 = Chlorine-pentafluoride-3D-vdW.png
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 13637-63-3
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = ClF<sub>5</sub>
| MolarMass = 130.45 g mol<sup>−1</sup>
| MeltingPt = −103 °C
| BoilingPt = −13.1 °C
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −238.49 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Entropy = 310.73 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup><!--
| [[Heat capacity]] C<sub>p</sub>
| 89.16 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>-->
}}
}}
'''Chlorine pentafluoride''' has formula ClF<sub>5</sub>. It was first synthesized in 1963.<ref>{{cite journal
|author = Smith D. F.
| title = Chlorine Pentafluoride
| journal = [[Science]]
| year = 1967
| volume = 141
| issue = 3585
| pages = 1039–1040
| doi = 10.1126/science.141.3585.1039
| pmid = 17739492}}</ref>
Its square pyramidal structure with C<sub>4v</sub> symmetry was confirmed by its high resolution<sup>19</sup>F NMR spectrum.<ref name=Pilipovich>{{cite journal
|author = Pilipovich, D., Maya, W., Lawton, E.A., Bauer, H.F., Sheehan, D. F., Ogimachi, N. N., Wilson, R. D., Gunderloy, F. C., Bedwell, V. E.
| title = Chlorine pentafluoride. Preparation and Properties
| journal = [[Inorganic Chemistry]]
| year = 1967
| volume = 6
| issue = 10
| pages = 1918
| doi = 10.1021/ic50056a036}}</ref>
==Preparation==
Initially, a common method for synthesis of this [[hypervalent molecule]] was to react [[chlorine trifluoride|ClF<sub>3</sub>]] with [[fluorine|F<sub>2</sub>]] at high temperatures and high pressures. Also, reacting metal fluorides, MClF<sub>4</sub> (i.e. KClF<sub>4</sub>, RbClF<sub>4</sub>, CsClF<sub>4</sub>) with F<sub>2</sub> produced ClF<sub>5</sub> and the corresponding MF.{{ref_label|Pilipovich|1|}} In 1981, researchers found that [[nickel(II) fluoride|NiF<sub>2</sub>]] is an excellent catalyst for generating ClF<sub>5</sub>.<ref>{{cite journal
| author = Šmalc, A., Žemva, B., Slivnik, J., and Lutar K.
| title = On the Synthesis of Chlorine Pentafluoride
| journal = Journal of Fluorine Chemistry
| year = 1981
| volume = 17
| pages = 381–383
| doi = 10.1016/S0022-1139(00)81783-2}}</ref>
==Reactions==
ClF<sub>5</sub> reacts readily with water to produce [[fluorine perchlorate|FClO<sub>4</sub>]] and [[hydrogen fluoride|HF]]. It also a strong fluorinating agent. While unreactive with first row [[nonmetal]]s except carbon, it reacts readily with second and third row nonmetals at room temperature except [[chlorine]].<ref name=Pilipovich />
==See also==
* [[Hypervalent molecule]]
==References==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
==External links==
*[http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/44.html National Pollutant Inventory - Flouride and compounds fact sheet]
*[http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C13637633 WebBook page for ClF5]
[[Category:Fluorides]]
[[Category:Chlorine compounds]]
[[Category:Interhalogen compounds]]
[[Category:Rocket oxidizers]]
[[ru:Пентафторид хлора]]