Choro 608423 223602726 2008-07-04T20:54:50Z Lightbot 7178666 Units/dates/other [[Image:Instrumentos choro.jpg|thumb|Instruments commonly played in chôro]] '''''Chôro''''' ({{IPA2|'ʃo.ɾu}}, literally "cry" in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], meaning "lament"), traditionally called '''''chorinho''''' ("little cry" or "little lament"), is a [[Music of Brazil|Brazilian popular music]] style. Its origins are in 19th century [[Rio de Janeiro]]. ==Choro instruments== Originally ''choro'' was played by a trio of [[flute]], [[guitar]] and [[cavaquinho]] (a small [[chordophone]] with four strings). Other instruments commonly played in choro are the [[mandolin]], [[clarinet]], and [[saxophone]]. These melody instruments are backed by a rhythm section composed of guitar, 7-string guitar (playing bass lines) and light percussion, such as a [[pandeiro]]. The cavaquinho appears sometimes as a melody instrument, other times as part of the rhythm. ==Compositional structure== Structurally, a ''choro'' composition usually has three parts, played in a [[rondo]] form: AABBACCA, with each section typically in a different key. There are a variety of choros in both major and minor keys. ==History== Much of the success of this style of music came from the early days of radio, when bands performed live on the air. By the 1960s, it had evolved into urban samba. However, in the late 1970s there was a successful effort to revitalize the genre, through TV-sponsored nation-wide festivals in 1977 and 1978, which attracted a new, younger generation of musicians. Thanks in great part to these efforts, chôro music remains strong in Brazil. More recently, chôro has attracted the attention of musicians in the United States, such as [[Mike Marshall (bluegrass musician)|Mike Marshall]], who have brought this kind of music to a new audience. ==Notable Brazilian choro musicians== * [[Altamiro Carrilho]] * [[Benedito Lacerda]] * [[Chiquinha Gonzaga]] * [[Chôro das 3]] * [[Dino 7 Cordas]] * [[Ernesto Nazareth]] * [[Garoto (musician)|Garoto]] * [[Hamilton de Holanda]] * [[Henrique Cazes]] * [[Irineu de Almeida]] * [[Israel Bueno de Almeida]] * [[Izaias Bueno de Almeida]] * [[Jacob do Bandolim]] * [[Luiz Otavio Braga]] * [[Luizinho 7 Cordas]] * [[Mauricio Carrilho]] * [[Maurita Murphy Mead]], Professor of [[Clarinet]] at the [[University of Iowa]], is one of the most notable American Choro players. * [[Milton Móri]] * [[Oscar Castro Neves]] * [[Paulo Bellinati]] * [[Paulo Moura]] * [[Pixinguinha]] * [[Raphael Rabello]] * [[Waldir Azevedo]] * [[Zé Barbeiro]] ==Notable choro compositions== * "Brejeiro" ([[Ernesto Nazareth]]) * "Apanhei-te Cavaquinho" ([[Ernesto Nazareth]]) * "Odeon" ([[Ernesto Nazareth]]) * "Carinhoso" ([[Pixinguinha]]) * "Lamentos" (Pixinguinha) * "Segura Ele" (Pixinguinha) * "Um a zero" (Pixinguinha) * "Vou Vivendo" (Pixinguinha) * "Brasileirinho" ([[Waldir Azevedo]]) * "Pedacinhos do Céu" (Waldir Azevedo) * "Doce de Coco" ([[Jacob do Bandolim]]) * "Noites Cariocas" (Jacob do Bandolim) * "[[Tico-Tico no Fubá]]" ([[Zequinha de Abreu]]) * "Meu caro amigo" ([[Chico Buarque]] e [[Francis Hime]]) * "Bebê" ([[Hermeto Pascoal]]) ==Suggested Reading== Livingston-Isenhour, T. & Garcia, T.G.C. (2005). Choro: A Social History of a Brazilian Popular Music. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: Indiana University Press. ==External links== *[http://www.choronamanga.com Choro na Manga, italian Choro duet] *[http://www.choronamanga.com/ita/rodas/ 'Rodas de Choro' Club di Choro di Torino (Italy)] *[http://www.dirtylinen.com/linen/92/brazil.html Dirty Linen Brief History of Choro] *[http://www.samba-choro.com.br Agenda do Samba & Choro] *[http://www.allbrazilianmusic.com/en/Styles/Styles.asp?Status=MATERIA&Nu_Materia=894 All Brazilian Music] *[http://www.maria-brazil.org/choros.htm Maria-Brazil - Brazilian Culture on the Web] *[http://www.ChoroMusic.com ChoroMusic.com Play Along Brazilian Choro] *[http://www.pedecana.com Pe de Cana, choro trio band from Vancouver-Canada] *[http://www.chorodas3.com.br Choro das 3, three young sisters' group] {{Lusophonemusic}} [[Category:Choro]] [[Category:Brazilian styles of music]] [[Category:Lusophone music| ]] {{Brazil-stub}} {{music-genre-stub}} {{Link FA|pt}} [[de:Choro]] [[es:Choro (música)]] [[fa:شورو]] [[fr:Choro]] [[it:Choro]] [[he:שורו (מוזיקה)]] [[ja:ショーロ]] [[pl:Choro (muzyka)]] [[pt:Choro]] [[fi:Choro]]