Chromosome 11 (human)
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[[image:Chromosome_11.svg|125px|right]]
'''Chromosome 11''' is one of the 23 pairs of [[chromosome]]s in [[human]]s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 11 spans about 134.5 million [[base pair]]s (the building material of [[DNA]]) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in [[cell (biology)|cells]]. It is one of the most gene- and disease-rich chromosomes in the [[human genome]].
Identifying [[gene]]s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 11 likely contains between 1,300 and 1,700 genes.
A recent study <ref>{{cite journal | author=Taylor TD, Noguchi H, Totoki Y, Toyoda A, Kuroki Y, Dewar K, Lloyd C, Itoh T, Takeda T, Kim DW, She X, Barlow KF, Bloom T, Bruford E, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Eichler E, FitzGerald MG, Jaffe DB, LaButti K, Nicol R, Park HS, Seaman C, Sougnez C, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Zody MC, Birren BW, Nusbaum C, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Rogers J, Lander ES, Sakaki Y | title=Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification | journal=Nature | year=2006 | pages=497–500 | volume=440 | issue=7083 | pmid=16554811 | doi=10.1038/nature04632}}</ref> shows that 11.6 genes per megabase, including 1,524 protein-coding genes and 765 [[pseudogene]]s can be found on chromosome 11.
More than 40% of the 856 [[olfactory receptor]] genes in the human genome are located in 28 single- and multi-gene clusters along this chromosome.
==Genes==
The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 11:
* [[ACAT1]]: acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase)
* [[Ataxia telangiectasia mutated|ATM]]: ataxia telangiectasia mutated (includes complementation groups A, C and D)
* [[CPT1A]]: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)
* [[DHCR7]]: 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase
* [[HBB]]: hemoglobin, beta
* [[HMBS (gene)|HMBS]]: hydroxymethylbilane VIIA
* [[PAX6]]
* [[PTS (gene)|PTS]]: 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase
* [[SAA1]]: serum amyloid A1
* [[SBF2]]: SET binding factor 2
* [[SMPD1]]: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal (acid sphingomyelinase)
* [[TECTA]]: tectorin alpha (nonsyndromic deafness)
* [[tyrosine hydroxylase|TH]]: tyrosine hydroxylase
* [[USH1C]]: Usher syndrome 1C (autosomal recessive, severe)
==Diseases & disorders==
{{wikinews|Large study provides new insights in autism's genetic code}}
The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 11:
* [[autism|autism (neurexin 1)]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6369347.stm]
* [[aniridia]]
* [[acute intermittent porphyria]]
* [[ataxia-telangiectasia]]
* [[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]]
* [[beta-ketothiolase deficiency]]
* [[beta thalassemia]]
* [[bladder cancer]]
* [[breast cancer]]
* [[carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency]]
* [[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]]
* [[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4]]
* [[Denys-Drash syndrome]]
* [[familial Mediterranean fever]]
* [[Hereditary angioedema]] [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=106100]]
* [[Jacobsen syndrome]]
* [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]]
* [[Meckel syndrome]]
* [[methemoglobinemia, beta-globin type]]
* [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
* [[Hereditary Multiple Exostoses]]
* [[Niemann-Pick disease]]
* [[nonsyndromic deafness]]
* [[nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal dominant]]
* [[nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal recessive]]
* [[porphyria]]
* [[Romano-Ward syndrome]]
* [[sickle cell anemia]]
* [[Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome]]
* [[tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency]]
* [[Usher syndrome]]
* [[Usher syndrome type I]]
* [[WAGR syndrome]]
==References==
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* {{cite journal | author=Gilbert F | title=Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome | journal=Genet Test | year=2000 | pages=409–26 | volume=4 | issue=4 | pmid=11216668 | doi=10.1089/109065700750065180}}
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[[Category:Chromosomes]]
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