Chronology of colonialism
5090778
223982751
2008-07-06T20:32:46Z
99.246.60.201
/* 1963 to the fall of the Berlin Wall */ corrected Sovietic to Soviet
{{Original research|date=September 2007}}
This is a non-exhaustive '''[[chronology]] of [[colonialism]]'''-related events, which may recensed political events, cultural events, as well as important global events which have influenced the colonization and the [[decolonization]].
== 15th to 18th century ==
*[[1402]]: The [[Spanish empire]] begins with the invasion of the [[Canary Islands]]
*[[1415]]: The [[Portuguese empire]] begins with the capture of [[Ceuta]] ([[Morocco]])
*[[1419]]: The Portuguese discover [[Madeira]]
*[[1427]]: The Portuguese discover [[Azores]]
*[[1441]]: The first consignment of [[History of Slavery|slaves]] is brought to [[Lisbon]] (Portugal)
*[[1452]]: [[Papal Bull]] ''[[Dum diversas]]'' allows enslavement of pagans
*[[1455]]: [[Papal Bull]] ''[[Romanus Pontifex]]'' grants a trade monopoly for newly discovered countries in Africa and Asia to the Portuguese.
*[[1481]]: [[Papal Bull]] ''[[Aeterni regis]]''
*[[1482]]: The Portuguese build the [[Elmina Castle]] as the first trading point in [[Ghana]]
*[[1488]]: [[Bartolomeu Dias]] rounded the [[Cape of Good Hope]] for the [[kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese king]].
*[[1492]]: "Discovery" of the "[[New World]]" and symbolic date of the [[Age of Exploration|European Age of Exploration]]; beginning of the [[European colonization of the Americas|colonization of the Americas]] and of the [[Columbian Exchange]]
*[[1493]]: Papal Bull ''[[Inter caetera]]'' on [[May 4]]
*[[1494]]: [[Treaty of Tordesillas]] dividing the world outside of Europe in an exclusive duopoly between the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] and the [[Portuguese empire]] along a north-south meridian 370 leagues (1770 km; 1100 miles) west of the [[Cape Verde]] islands (off the west coast of Africa), roughly 46° 37' W. (This boundary was known as the [[Line of Demarcation]].) The lands to the east would belong to Portugal and the lands to the west to Spain.
*[[1498]]: [[Vasco da Gama]] sets foot on [[Goa]], starting the Portuguese presence in [[India]]
*[[1500]]: [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] sails to [[Brazil]] for the Portuguese king
*[[1511]]: The Portuguese capture [[Malacca]], in present day [[Indonesia]]
*[[1515]]: Spanish ''[[Leyes de Burgos]]'' on [[January 25]]
*[[1519]]: The Portuguese capture [[Ormus]], in the [[Strait of Hormuz]], in the [[Persian Gulf]]
*[[1542]]: Spanish ''[[New Laws|Leyes Nuevas]]'' ("New Laws")
*1542: Creation of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]]
*[[1550]]-[[1552]]: [[Valladolid Controversy]] and publication of ''[[A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies]]'' by Bishop of [[Chiapas]] [[Bartolomé de las Casas]]
*[[1600]]: Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] grants [[Royal charter]] to the [[British East India Company]]
*[[1602]]: Establishment of the [[Dutch East India Company]]
*[[1607]]: The [[British colonization of the Americas|first permanent British settlement]] in the North America at [[Jamestown, Virginia]]
*[[1612]]-[[1615]]: The Portuguese captured [[Bandar Abbas|Gamru Port]] and a few other places (like [[Hormuz Island]] ) in southern coast of [[Persia]].
*[[1615]]-[[1622]]: [[Abbas I of Persia|Abbas I]], king of Persia, battled the Portuguese with the aid of the [[Royal Navy]] and [[British East India Company]] and recaptured those lands.
*[[1619]]: The first [[Atlantic slave trade|African slaves]] arrive to Jamestown, Virginia
*[[1624]]: The [[British colonial empire|British]] set foot in [[Surat]]
*[[1625]]: [[Charles I of England]] receives [[Oldman]], king of the [[Mosquito Nation]], who was taken to England by the [[Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick|Earl of Warwick]].
*[[1630]]: [[Puritans]] establish [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
*[[1717]]: Creation of the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]]
*[[1775]]-[[1783]]: [[American War of Independence]]
*[[1776]]: Creation of the [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]]
*1776: The 13 original colonies of the [[United States]] [[Declaration of Independence (United States)|declare independence]] from Britain
*[[1784]]: Britain passes [[Pitt's India Act]]
*[[1791]]-[[1804]]: [[Haitian Revolution]] and [[abolitionism|abolition of slavery]] by the [[French First Republic]] (reestablished by [[Napoleon]] in 1804)
*[[1795]]: Britain invades the Cape region of present-day South Africa
== 19th century to World War I==
*[[1804]]-[[1813]]: [[First Serbian Uprising|Uprising in Serbia]] against the presence of the [[Ottoman Empire]]
*[[1810]]-[[1820]]s: [[South American Wars of Independence]]
*[[1810]]-[[1821]]: [[Mexican War of Independence]]
*[[1815]]-[[1817]]: [[Second Serbian Uprising|Serbian uprising]] leading to [[Serbia]]n [[Autonomous entity|autonomy]]
*[[1821]]-[[1823]]: [[Greek War of Independence]]
*[[1822]]: Independence of [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]] proclaimed by [[Dom Pedro I of Brazil|Dom Pedro I]]
*[[1823]]: British [[abolitionism|abolish slavery]] in the [[British West Indies|West Indies]]
*[[1830]]: Start of the [[French rule in Algeria|French conquest of Algeria]]
*[[1834]]: Beginning of the Boers' [[Great Trek]]
*1839-42: [[First Opium War]] and [[First Anglo-Afghan War]]
*[[1846]]-1848: [[Mexican-American War]], which results in the [[Mexican Cession]]
*[[1848]]: [[Revolutions of 1848|Spring of Nations]] in Europe
*1848: [[Decree-law]] [[Victor Schoelcher]] which abolish slavery (permanently) in the [[French colonial empire]]
*1852-60: [[Second Opium War]]
*1853-55: Publication of [[Arthur de Gobineau|Gobineau]]'s ''[[An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races]]'' (one of the first, major formulation of [[racial theories]] <ref> [[Pierre-André Taguieff]], ''La force du préjugé. Essai sur le racisme et ses doubles'', 1987 (p.22, 23, 125, 134, 136, 137, 150, 151, 158, 300, 307, 324, 338, 340, 499, 501, 522, 523, 524, 525, 530, 534, 535, 556, 582) {{fr icon}} </ref>)
*1854-56: [[Crimean War]]
*1854- [[Convention of Kanagawa]] after [[Matthew Calbraith Perry|Commodore Perry]]'s expedition to [[History of Japan|Japan]]
*1857: [[Indian rebellion of 1857|Uprising in India against British occupation]], which leads to the creation of the [[British Raj]]
*[[1861]]-[[1867]]: [[French intervention in Mexico]] ordered by [[Napoleon III]]
*1870: [[Franco-Prussian War]]
*1870-80s: [[Conquest of the Desert]] in [[History of Argentina|Argentina]], led by [[Julio Argentino Roca]]
*[[1877]]-[[1878]]: [[Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878|War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire]] and [[March 3]], [[1878]] [[Treaty of San Stefano]]
*[[1878]]: [[Treaty of Berlin, 1878|Treaty of Berlin]] recognising the independence of [[Romania]], [[Serbia]] and [[Montenegro]] and the autonomy of [[Bulgaria]]
*[[1878]]-[[1881]]: [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
*[[1879]]: [[Anglo-Zulu War]]
*[[1880]]-81: [[First Boer War]]
*[[1881]]: Indigenous Code in Algeria
*[[1882]]: [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] between [[History of Italy|Italy]] and the German-Austrian [[Dual Alliance, 1879|Dual Alliance]]
*[[1883]]: Publication of ''[[The Story of an African Farm]]'' by [[Olive Schreiner]]
*[[1884]]-85: [[Berlin Conference]] (UK, France, Germany) which sets the [[right of conquest]] for the [[scramble for Africa]]
*[[1885]]: Foundation of the [[Indian National Congress]]
*[[1885]]: [[Treaty of Simulambuco]] (between Portugal and the [[N'Goyo Kingdom]]).
*[[1887]]: France creates the [[French Indochina|Indochinese Union]]
*[[1888]]: ''[[Lei Áurea]]'' ("Golden Law") on [[May 13]] in [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]] which abolish slavery
*[[1889]]: [[History of Brazil (1889-1930)|Foundation of the Republic of Brazil]]
*[[1889]]: [[British South Africa Company]] of [[Cecil Rhodes]] chartered by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] government to seek treaties and administer territory between the [[Limpopo River]] and [[African Great Lakes]].
*[[1890]]: [[Cecil Rhodes]] sends the [[Pioneer Column]] into [[Mashonaland]], starting the process of annexing the territory which became [[Southern Rhodesia]]
*[[1891]]: The [[Stairs Expedition to Katanga]] kills its king, [[Msiri]] and obtains treaties from his successors for the territory to become the possession of [[Leopold II of Belgium]]
*[[1894]]: [[Franco-Russian Alliance]], breaking France's isolation by [[Otto von Bismarck|Bismarck]]
*[[1895]]: [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] between [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] and [[Qing dynasty|China]] and [[Triple Intervention]]
*[[1895]]: Creation of [[French West Africa]] (AOF)
*1895-96: [[First Italo–Ethiopian War]]
*[[1896]]: [[Anglo-Zanzibar War]] (on [[August 27]])
*[[1897]]: ''[[Punitive Expedition]]'' led by British Admiral [[Harry Rawson]] against [[Benin City|Benin]], which brings to an end the highly sophisticated [[West Africa]]n [[Kingdom of Benin]]
*[[1898]]: [[Fashoda Incident]]
*[[1898]]: On July 25, 1898 at the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was invaded by the United States with a landing at Guánica. Following the outcome of the war, Spain was forced to cede Puerto Rico, along with Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam to the United States under the Treaty of Paris (1898)
*[[1899]]: Publication of [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s ''[[The White Man's Burden]]'', as well as [[Joseph Conrad]]'s ''[[Heart of Darkness]]'' <ref> [[Sven Lindqvist]], ''Exterminate all the brutes'', 1992 </ref>
*1899-[[1902]]: [[Second Boer War]]
*1899-[[1913]]: [[Philippine-American War]]
*[[1902]]: [[Anglo-Japanese Alliance]]: end of UK's [[Splendid isolation]]
*[[1902]]: Italy puts a supplement to the [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] concerning France
*[[1904]]: ''[[Entente Cordiale]]'' between France and the UK
*1904-05: [[Russo-Japanese War]]
*1904-07: [[Herero Genocide]]
*[[1905]]: [[Partition of Bengal]]
*1905: [[First Moroccan Crisis]] after the [[March 31]], [[1905]] visit of [[Wilhelm II of Germany|Kaiser Wilhelm]] to [[Tangiers]]
*[[1906]]: [[Algeciras Conference]] to mediate the [[First Moroccan Crisis|Tangier Crisis]] between France and Germany
*[[1907]]: [[Triple Entente]] between Russia, France and the UK
*[[1910]]: [[Mexican Revolution]] and overthrow of [[Porfirio Díaz]]'s [[dictatorship]]
*[[1910]]: Creation of [[French Equatorial Africa]] (AEF)
*[[1911]]: [[Agadir Crisis]]
*[[1911]]: [[Xinhai Revolution|Chinese Revolution]]
*[[1912]]: France establish a full [[protectorate]] over [[History of Morocco|Morocco]]
*[[1912]]-[[1913]]: [[Balkan Wars]] and [[Italo-Turkish War]] ([[Tripolitania]] and [[Cyrenaica]] are transferred from the Ottoman Empire to Italy)
*[[1914]]-[[1918]]: [[World War I]]
*[[1916]]: [[May 16]] [[Sykes-Picot Agreement]]
*[[1916]]-[[1918]]: [[Arab Revolt]] initiated by [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca|Hussein bin Ali]] and [[Emir]] [[Faisal I of Iraq|Faisal]]
*[[1917]]: [[October Revolution]]
*1918: [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s January 9 speech on the [[Fourteen Points]]
==Interwar period==
*[[1919]]: Foundation of the [[League of Nations]] at the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]] and creation of the [[League of Nations Mandate]]s ([[British Mandate of Iraq|Iraq]] and [[British Mandate of Palestine|Palestine]] — including [[Transjordan]] — are passed to Great Britain's control, [[French Mandate of Lebanon|Lebanon]] and [[French Mandate of Syria|Syria to France]]; the [[Cameroons]] and [[Togoland]] are split between the UK and France; [[Ruanda-Urundi]] goes to [[Belgium]] and [[Tanganyika]] to the UK; [[Nauru]] and [[New Guinea]] to [[Australia]]; the [[Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands]] and the [[South Pacific Mandate]] to [[Japan]]; [[Samoa]] to [[New Zealand]] and [[South West Africa]] to [[South Africa]])
*[[1919]]: [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]]
*[[1919]]: [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] led by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
*[[1920]]: [[San Remo conference]] in April
*[[1920]]: [[Treaty of Sèvres]] on [[August 10]] between the [[Triple Entente]] (UK, France and Russia) and the [[Ottoman Empire]]; [[Mustafa Kemal]] leads the [[Turkish War of Independence]] leading to the [[1923]] [[Treaty of Lausanne]]
*[[1922]]: Creation of the [[Soviet Union]]
*[[1923]]: Proclamation of the [[Republic of Turkey]] by Mustafa Kemal on [[October 29]]
*[[1924]]: [[British Empire Exhibition]]
*[[1925]]: Foundation of the Algerian [[Star of North Africa]] by [[Messali Hadj]]
*[[1921]]-[[1926]]: [[Rif War (1920)|Rif War]] in Morocco, led by [[Abd el-Krim]]
*[[1927]]: [[May 19]] [[Treaty of Jedda]] accords independence to [[Saudi Arabia]] led by [[Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia|king Abdul Aziz]]
*[[1927]]-[[1928]]: Publication of [[André Gide]]'s ''Travels to [[Congo]]'' <ref> [http://www.lire.fr/critique.asp/idC=31184/idR=219/idTC=3/idG=2 Voyage au Congo suivi du Retour du Tchad], in ''[[Lire]]'', July-August 1995 {{fr icon}} </ref>.
*[[1931]]: [[Paris Colonial Exposition]]
*1931: South Africa gains independence from Britain
*[[1932]]: Independence of [[Iraq]]
*[[1933]]: Portuguese Colonial Act
*1933: Publication of [[Gilberto Freyre]]'s ''Casa-Grande & Senzala'' ("The Great House and the Slave Quarters" - 1933 <ref> [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=62305FF2079A365A5ED8D15ADE26D363.tomcat1?fromPage=online&aid=98779 Raízes de Gilberto Freyre] by Thomas E. Skidmore in ''[[Journal of Latin American Studies]]'' (2002), 34: 1-20 Cambridge University Press </ref>)
*[[1934]]-[[1935]]: [[Long March]] by the [[Chinese Communist Army]]
*1935: [[Aimé Césaire]] coins the word ''[[Négritude]]''
*[[1936]]: [[Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence (1936)|Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence]] (never ratified by France)
*[[1936]]-[[1939]]: [[Great Uprising|Great Arab Revolt]] in the [[British Mandate of Palestine]]
*1935-36: [[Second Italo-Abyssinian War]]
*1937-45: [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]
== World War II : Cold War until the Détente ==
*[[World War II]]
*[[1941]]: [[Atlantic charter]] signed by president [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]
*1941: Foundation of the [[Viet Minh]] by [[Ho Chi Minh]]
*1941: [[Syria]] proclaims its independence from [[Vichy France]], which is recognized in [[1944]]
*[[1942]]: [[Quit India Movement]] called for by Gandhi on [[August 9]]
*[[1943]]: Independence of [[Lebanon]]
*[[1944]]: Nelson Mandela joins the [[African National Congress]]
*[[1945]]: [[Sétif massacre]] in Algeria on [[May 8]]
*1945: [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam|Proclamation of the independence of Vietnam]] by Ho Chi Minh
*1945: Foundation of the [[Arab League]] on [[March 22]] ([[Egypt]], [[Iraq]], [[Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Syria]] and [[Yemen]])
*1945: Fifty states sign the [[Charter of the United Nations]] on [[June 26]]
*1945-[[1950]]: [[Chinese Civil War]] between the nationalist [[Kuomintang]] and the [[Communist Party of China|Communist Party]] led by [[Mao Zedong]]
*1946-54: [[First Indochina War]]
*[[1947]]: Official start of the [[Cold War]] (see [[Cold War (1947-1953)]] and [[Cold War (1953-1962)]])
*1947: [[Partition of India|Independence of India and of Pakistan]] on [[August 15]]
*1947: [[1947 UN Partition Plan|UN Resolution 181 on the partition of Palestine]] in favor of a [[Two-state solution]].
*1947: [[History of Madagascar|French repression of the Malagasy uprising]]. 90 to 100 000 killed.
*[[1948]]: [[Declaration of the establishment of the State of Israel]] on [[May 14]] and first [[1948 Arab-Israeli War|Arab-Israeli War]]
*1948: Colonial exhibition in Belgium
*[[1949]]: Proclamation of the [[People's Republic of China]] by [[Mao Zedong]]
*1951: Publication of [[Hannah Arendt]]'s ''[[The Origins of Totalitarianism]]'' (second section dedicated to imperialism)
*1952: [[Alfred Sauvy]] coins the term "[[Third World]]"
*1953: US [[Operation Ajax]] against [[Mossadegh]] in [[History of Iran|Iran]]
*1954: US [[Operation PBSuccess]] against [[History of Guatemala|Guatemalean]] president [[Jacobo Arbenz Guzman|Arbenz]]
*1954-62: [[Algerian War of Independence|Algerian War]]
*[[1955]]: '''[[Bandung Conference]]'''
*1955: Creation of the [[Latin American Episcopal Conference]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]]
*[[1956]]: [[Suez Crisis]] between Israel, the UK and France against Egypt, after [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]]'s [[nationalisation]] of the [[Suez Canal Company]]
*[[1957]]: [[Algeria]]n independence militant [[Larbi Ben M'Hidi]] murdered in prison, early March
*[[1958]]: Foundation of the [[United Arab Republic]] as a first step toward a [[Pan-arabism|Pan-arab]] nation; it is formed by Egypt and Syria (until [[1961]]). Creation also of the short-term [[Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan]].
*[[1959]]: [[Cuban Revolution]]
*1959: Independence of [[History of Morocco|Morocco]] and [[History of Tunisia|Tunisia]]
*[[1960]]: Independence of French colonies in Africa; the [[United Nations]] (UN) reach 99 members states
*[[1961]]: Assassination of [[Patrice Lumumba]], first prime minister of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], on [[January 17]]
*1961: Formation of the ''[[Conferência das Organizações Nacionalistas das Colónias Portuguesas]]'' on [[April 18]] in [[Casablanca]], [[Morocco]] ([[PAIGC]], [[MPLA]], [[FRELIMO]] and [[MLSTP]])
*1961: Creation of the '''[[Non-Aligned Movement]]'''
*1961: [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]]
*1961: [[Soviet Union|Soviet premier]] [[Nikita Khrushchev|Khrushchev]] declares that the Soviet Union would support all "[[national liberation movements]]"
*1961: Publication of [[Frantz Fanon]]' ''[[The Wretched of the Earth]]''
*1961: [[Paris massacre of 1961|October 17 Paris massacre]]
*1961-74: [[Portuguese Colonial War]]; See also [[Angolan War of Independence]] (1961-[[1989]])
*[[1962]]: [[Evian Accords|March 18 Evian Accords]] put an end to the Algerian War
*1962: [[Sino-Indian War]] from September to November
*1962: [[Cuban missile crisis]] in October, which marks the climax of the Cold War and leads to the ''[[Détente]]''
== 1963 to the fall of the Berlin Wall ==
*[[1963]]: Assassination of [[Sylvanus Olympio]] on January 13, first president of [[Togo]]; he is replaced by [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]], who ruled over Togo until his death in 2005
*[[1965]]-[[1973]]: [[Vietnam War]]
*1965: Assassination of [[Mehdi Ben Barka]], leader of the [[National Union of Popular Forces|UNPF]] and of the [[Tricontinental Conference]]
*1965: [[Joseph Mobutu]] becomes the dictator of the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] until his overthrow in 1997 by [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]
*[[1967]]: Assassination of [[Che Guevara]] in Bolivia.
*[[1969]]: Assassination of [[Eduardo Mondlane]], leader of the [[FRELIMO]]
*[[1970]]s: Independence of the former Portuguese colonies, following the [[April 25]], [[1974]] [[Carnation Revolution]] and the [[Portuguese Colonial War]]
*[[1971]]: Independence of [[History of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] following the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|war with Pakistan]]
*1971: Publication of [[Eduardo Galeano]]'s ''[[Open Veins of Latin America]]'' <ref>[http://www.inthesetimes.com/site/main/article/2699/ "Writer Without Borders"] July 14, 2006 ''[[In These Times]]'' {{en icon}} </ref>
*1971: Publication of [[Gustavo Gutiérrez]]'s ''A [[Theology of Liberation]]: History, Politics, Salvation'' <ref> [http://www.agenciaperu.com/sociedad/2003/abr/gutierrez_premio.htm Gustavo Gutiérrez gana premio Príncipe de Asturias], ''[[Agencia Peru]]'', 30 April 2003 {{es icon}}</ref>
*[[1973]]: Assassination of [[Amilcar Cabral]], leader of the [[African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde]] (PAIGC) on [[January 20]]
*1973: The PAIGC proclaims the independence of [[Guinea-Bissau]] on [[September 24]]
*[[1975]]: [[History of Portugal|Portugal]] recognizes [[Mozambique]]'s independence on [[June 25]] and [[Angola]] on [[November 11]]
*November 1975: [[Green March]] during which Morocco annexes [[Western Sahara]], formerly part of [[Spanish Morocco]].
*[[1979]]: [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]] and start of the [[Cold War (1979-1985)|"Second Cold War"]]
*[[1980]]: The UN reach 154 member states
*1980: Assassination of [[Óscar Romero]], [[prelate]] [[archbishop]] of [[San Salvador]] and proponent of the [[Liberation theology]], on [[March 24]]
*[[1982]]: [[Latin American debt crisis]] (in particular in [[Mexico]], [[Brazil]] and [[Argentina]])
*[[1983]]: [[Invasion of Grenada]]
*[[1984]]: [[Bhopal disaster]] in India
*[[1988]]: Assassination of [[Dulcie September]], member of the [[African National Congress]]
*[[1989]]: [[Operation Just Cause]] against [[Manuel Noriega]]
*[[1990]]: Independence of [[Namibia]], the UN reach 159 states.
== 1990s-2000s ==
*[[1994]]: [[Nelson Mandela]] becomes president of [[South Africa]] in the nation's first all-race election
*[[2001]]: [[Christiane Taubira|French law recognizing slavery and the Atlantic slave trade as crimes against humanity]] (Taubira Law)
*[[2005]]: [[French law on colonialism|February 23 French law]] on the "positive aspects" of "French presence abroad, in particular in North Africa"
*[[2006]]: Repeal of the February 23, 2005 French law, following criticisms of [[historical revisionism (negationism)|historical revisionism]]
== See also ==
*[[Colonialism]]
*[[Historiography]]
*[[Wars of national liberation]]
*[[Decolonization]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:History of colonialism]]
[[Category:Colonialism]]
[[Category:European colonisation in Africa]]
[[de:Chronologie des Kolonialismus]]