Cities of the Philippines 246350 224065882 2008-07-07T04:02:43Z 208.186.134.105 /* City classification */ fifty million doesn't need to be in caps {{Politics of the Philippines}} A '''city''' ('''''lungsod''''', sometimes '''''siyudad''''', in [[Filipino language|Filipino]] and [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]) is a tier of local government in the [[Philippines]]. Cities are in the same hierarchical level as [[Philippine municipality|municipalities]], but under the Local Government Code of 1991, cities are given special treatment in terms of bigger share from the internal revenue allotment (IRA) which forms part of the city's budget. Cities, like municipalities, are composed of [[barangay]]s and are governed by elective officials such as Mayor as Local Chief Executive, Vice-Mayor, and councilors as well as appointive officials heading the different local offices under them. A number of cities in the country act independently from any province and are self-governing as decreed by Philippine Law through an Act of Congress. They are classified as highly-urbanized cities. A significant number of these highly urbanized cities are in Metro Manila. The second type of cities are component cities, which are part of a province and are thus governed as part of the latter. They do not have autonomy or representation in the Philippine Congress, as Chartered Cities do. They depend on their provincial government for support and representation. Examples are [[Tarlac City]] in [[Tarlac]] province, and [[Palayan City]], in [[Nueva Ecija]] province, and [[Pagadian City]] in [[Zamboanga del Sur]] province. There are, however, some component cities that are somewhat independent, like [[Ormoc City]] in [[Leyte province|Leyte]]. [[Quezon City]], in [[Metro Manila]] is the most populous city in the Philippines with over 2,000,000 residents. [[Davao City]], is one of the largest cities in the world in terms of land area, occupying more than 2,500 square kilometers. There are two [[metropolitan areas]] in the Philippines. [[Metro Manila]] is the largest [[conurbation]] or urban [[agglomeration]] in the country. It is composed of the city of [[Manila]] plus 15 neighboring cities and a municipality. The second is [[Metro Cebu]] in [[Cebu Province]]. It is centered on [[Cebu City]], the provincial capital plus 12 surrounding cities and municipalities. ==Classification== === City classification === Prior to the enactment of the Local Government Code in 1991, all cities were considered '''Chartered Cities''' ([[Filipino language|Filipino/Tagalog]]: ''Mga Kinartang Lungsod''). Chartered cities are those that have been created by an Act of Congress and are run as an independent government with the Mayor as its Chief Executive, a Vice-Mayor, City Council, one Congressional District and Representative per every 250,000 population count, a Police force, a common seal, and the power to take, purchase, receive, hold, lease, convey, and disposes of real and personal property for the general interests of the City, condemn private property for public use (eminent domain), contract and be contracted with, sue and exercise all the powers conferred to it by Congress. The Local Government Code of 1991 reclassified all cities into one of three categories: '''Highly Urbanized Cities''' ([[Filipino language|Filipino/Tagalog]]: ''Mga Lungsod na Mataas na Urbanisado'') - Cities with a minimum population of two hundred thousand (200,000) inhabitants, as certified by the National Statistics Office, and with the latest annual income of at least fifty million Pesos (P50,000,000.00) based on 1991 constant prices, as certified by the city treasurer. There are 32 highly urbanized cities in the Philippines. '''Independent Component Cities''' ([[Filipino language|Filipino/Tagalog]]: ''Mga Malayang Bahaging Lungsod'') - Cities whose charters prohibit their voters from voting for provincial elective officials. Independent component cities shall be independent of the province. There are four (4) independent component cities in the Philippines. '''Component Cities''' ([[Filipino language|Filipino/Tagalog]]: ''Mga Bahaging Lungsod'') - Cities which do not meet the above requirements shall be considered component cities of the province in which they are geographically located. If a component city is located within the boundaries of two (2) or more provinces, such city shall be considered a component of the province of which it used to be a municipality. There are 100 component citites in the Philippines. Definitions taken from [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_cityclass.asp National Statistical Coordination Board]. === Independent Cities === All Philippine cities are '''chartered cities''' - they have their own charters (in the form of the Acts/Commonwealth Acts/Republic Acts which created them) from which they derive their additional powers (powers that are not given to municipalities such as power to levy higher taxes, the right to have own congressional district, etc.). Highly-urbanized cities and independent component cities are independent in the sense that once they are classified as such: * They stop sharing their revenues with the province, and * their Sangguniang Panlungsod legislation becomes no longer subject to review and approval by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan. Component cities are the opposite. However, some independent cities still serve as the seat of government of the respective provinces in which they are geographically located: Bacolod (Negros Occidental), Butuan (Agusan del Norte), Cagayan de Oro (Misamis Oriental), Cebu City (Cebu), Iloilo City (Iloilo), Lucena (Quezon), Pasig (Rizal) and Puerto Princesa (Palawan). In such cases, the provincial government takes care of the expenses of maintaining its properties such as provincial government buildings and offices outside its jurisdiction by paying for the actual cost of running these facilities as well as providing the host city government with an annual amount (which the province determines at its discretion) to aid in relieving incidental costs incurred to the city. While all independent cities enjoy legal and fiscal autonomy from provinces, some have specific charter provisions that enable the city's residents to vote for and/or run for elective positions (governor, vice-governor, provincial board members) in the provincial government. * Independent cities whose residents are allowed to vote and run for provincial offices: Lucena, Mandaue * Independent cities whose residents are allowed to only vote for provincial officials: Lapu-Lapu, Puerto Princesa * Independent cities whose residents are allowed to only run for provincial offices: Dagupan, Iloilo, Naga (Camarines Sur) Registered voters of the cities of Bacolod, Baguio, Butuan, Cebu, Cotabato, Davao, General Santos, Olongapo, Ormoc, Santiago, Zamboanga, as well as all cities within Metro Manila are not qualified to vote for provincial officials or be elected to any position in the provincial government. Prior to 1980, the eligibility of cities to vote for provincial officials was determined by their respective charters. With the enactment of Batas Pambansa Bilang 51 on December 22, 1979, all cities that were classified as belonging to the newly-introduced "highly urbanized city" distinction lost their eligibility to participate in provincial elections regardless of what their charters indicated. As a result, the cities of Bacolod, Butuan, Cebu, Iloilo and Olongapo became ineligible to vote for provincial officials. Exceptions to this rule are the cities which were incorporated (chartered, i.e. given a charter) before 1980 but declared as highly urbanized after 1987 (Lapu-Lapu, Lucena, Mandaue and Puerto Princesa), as Section 452 (c) of the Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act 7160) guarantees this. The representation of a city in the House of Representatives (or lack thereof) is not a criterion for its independence from a province, as Congress is for national legislation and is part of the national government. While 21 independent cities have their own representive(s) in Congress (22 in 2010 when Navotas gets its own seat) some still remain as part of the partial representation of the province to which they belonged. Independent cities that do not vote for provincial officials are excluded in Sangguniang Panlalawigan districts, and the allotment of SP members is adjusted accordingly. For example, Agusan del Norte has eight SP members and 2 congressional districts. The seats of the SP are not distributed 4-4 between ADN's first and second congressional districts because its first congressional district contains Butuan City, which does not vote for provincial officials. The seats are distributed 1-7 to account for the small population of the first Sangguniang Panlalawigan district (comprised only of Las Nieves) and the bulk of the province's population being in the second district. Despite Antipolo and San Jose del Monte having their own representatives in Congress, they are still component cities of Rizal and Bulacan respectively. ===Income classification=== Cities are classified according to average annual income based on the previous 3 calendar years. [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_income.asp] *1st class - P300 million or more *2nd class - P240 million or more but less than P 300 million *3rd class - P180 million or more but less than P240 million *4th class - P120 million or more but less than P180 million *5th class - P60 million or more but less than P120 million *6th class - Below P 60 million ==League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP)== The League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP) is a non-profit organization and is not a government agency. It has a membership of 117 cities and was founded in 1988. The organization was formed to help coordinate efforts to improve governance and local autonomy and to tackle issues such as preserving the environment and improving public works. ==List of Cities== :''For a full detailed sortable list, including population, area and density figures, please see [[List of cities in the Philippines]].'' As of [[September 5]], [[2007]], there were 136 cities in the Philippines. ===Largest cities=== The following is a list of the 10 largest cities in the country in terms of population, ordered according to their 2007 census population. {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Rank!!City!!Population<br>(2007 census)!!Population<br>!!Image!!Description |- | 1. |[[Quezon City]] | 2,679,450 | <ref name="ncr">[http://www.census.gov.ph/ncrII/Population%20Projection.htm NSO NCR Population Projections]</ref> | [[Image:Libisqc.jpg|150 px]] | This is the former capital of the country (1948-1976); largest city in Metro Manila and the Philippines |- | 2. | [[Manila City]] | 1,660,714 | <ref name="ncr"/> | [[Image: Big Manila.jpg|150 px]] | Capital of the country (from 1571-1948 and 1976-present). |- | 3. | [[Caloocan City]] | 1,378,856 | <ref name="ncr"/> | [[Image:Balintawak Toll Barrier.jpg|150 px]] | "The Nice City" |- | 4. | [[Davao City]] | 1,363,337 | <ref name="ru11">[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/RU11/products/statwatch/provincial_stats.htm NSCB Region 11 Statwatch]</ref> | [[Image: Landpryce2.jpg|150 px]] | "The Land of Promise"; The country's largest city based on land area |- | 5. | [[Cebu City]] | 798,809 | <ref name="wg">[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gadm&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-171&srt=npan&col=aohdq World Gazetteer]</ref> | [[Image:Southroadp.jpg|150px]] | "The Queen City of the South" |- | 6. | [[Zamboanga City]] | 774,407 | <ref name="nso9">[http://netaccess.com.ph/nso9/popprj.htm NSO Region 9 Population Projections]</ref> | [[Image: Climaco ave..jpg|150 px]] | "The City of Flowers"; branded as Asia's Latin City |- | 7. | [[Antipolo City]] | 633,971 | <ref name="wg"/> | | |- | 8. | [[Pasig City]] | 617,301 | <ref name="wg"/> | [[Image: C5-highway.jpg|150 px]] | This city is one of the top business districts in the metropolis. Much of the Ortigas Center, which is the second-most important CBD in the country, is mostly located in this city. |- | 9. | [[Taguig City]] | 613,343 | <ref name="wg"/> | [[Image: Taguig Bonifacio Skyline.jpg|150 px]] | "Home of the Global City" |- | 10. | [[Valenzuela City]] | 568,928 | <ref name="wg"/> | [[Image: DSC06311.jpg|150 px]] | "The Vibrant City" |} ===Defunct/dissolved cities=== *Dagu-cala City (1947) - President Roxas issued [http://www.dagupan.com/city/history5.htm Executive Order No. 96] fixing the city limits of Dagupan to include the towns of [[San Fabian]] and [[Calasiao]] but the residents of Calasiao rejected inclusion into the new city, causing controversy over the election that was held on Nov. 10, 1947. The Dagu-cala dispute was brought before the Supreme Court of the Philippines which subsequently validated the election and ruled that Dagupan became a city on June 20, 1947, when Roxas signed the charter into law. *Legazpi City (1948-1954) - Legazpi's cityhood was approved on June 18, 1948. Under [http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno306.html Republic Act 306], Legazpi was to become a city after the President of the Philippines proclaimed its cityhood. Comprising the present-day territories of [[Legazpi City]] and [[Daraga, Albay|Daraga]], the city was [http://www.angelfire.com/ar/Arimado/page2.html dissolved on June 8, 1954] when Legazpi and Daraga were made into separate municipalities. Legazpi eventually became a city on its own on June 12, 1959. *Basilan City (1948-1973) - formerly part of the city of [[Zamboanga City|Zamboanga]] until it was made a city on its own in 1948. Converted to the province of [[Basilan]] in 1973 by President [[Ferdinand Marcos]]. *Rajah Buayan City (1966) - under [http://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1965/ra_4413_1965.html Republic Act 4413], the then-municipality of General Santos in what was then the unified province of Cotabato was to be formally converted into a city named after Rajah Buayan (a former ruler in Mindanao) on January 1, 1966, provided that majority of qualified voters in the municipality vote in favor of cityhood in a plebiscite. In December 1965 the [[Commission on Elections]] (COMELEC) proclaimed the cityhood of Rajah Buayan, with 4,422 people voting for and 3,066 voting against. However, two residents of the new city challenged this by arguing in the courts that the number of people who voted in favor of cityhood did not form a majority in light of the fact that there were 15,727 voters in the city. The court issued an injunction on January 4, 1966 restraining city officers from performing any acts authorized by or pursuant to provisions in RA 4413. The [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] [http://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1966/oct1966/gr_l-25469_1966.html unanimously upheld this decision on October 29, 1966] and declared that the city charter was not accepted by majority of voters, thus rendering RA4413 null and void. The municipality of General Santos would later be converted into a [[General Santos City|city under the same name]] in 1968. ===Rejected cityhood=== <small>Note: This section only lists attempts that reached the stage where a Republic Act was enacted for the purpose of achieving cityhood.</small> *[[Batangas City|Batangas]] (1965) - A majority of the voters in the then-municipality of Batangas rejected cityhood in a plebiscite conducted on the same day as the [[Philippine general election, 1965|1965 Philippine general elections]], as mandated by [http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno4586.html RA 4586]. The city would have been named Laurel City in honor of [[Jose P. Laurel]], the [[Philippine president|president]] of the [[Japan|Japanese]]-sponsored [[Second Philippine Republic|Second Republic]]. The municipality of Batangas would later be converted into a [[Batangas City|city under the same name]] in 1969. *[[Tarlac City|Tarlac]] (1969) - The city charter of Tarlac ([http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno5907.html RA 5907]) was approved on June 21, 1969. Cityhood was rejected in a plebiscite held on November 11, 1969 by a majority the municipality's voters. Tarlac would later become a city in 1998. *[[Ilagan, Isabela|Ilagan]] (1999) - [http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno8474.html Republic Act 8474], which converted Ilagan to a component city of [[Isabela (province)|Isabela]], was approved on February 2, 1998. However, majority of Ilagan's voters rejected cityhood in a plebiscite held on March 14, 1999. *[[Quezon City#Novaliches|Novaliches]] (1999) - On February 23, 1998 the controversial City Charter of Novaliches ([http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno8535.html RA 8535]) was approved, which sought to create a new city out of the 15 northern barangays of [[Quezon City]]. Historically a separate municipality, Novaliches was distributed between Quezon City and northern [[Caloocan City|Caloocan]] in 1948. In a plebiscite held on October 23, 1999, majority of Quezon City's voting residents rejected the cityhood of Novaliches. *[[Meycauayan]] (2001) - Cityhood was rejected by majority of Meycauayan's voters in a plebiscite that sought to ratify [http://elibrary.supremecourt.gov.ph/republic_acts.php?doctype=Republic%20Acts&docid=a45475a11ec72b843d74959b60fd7bd6460d99f64e6d6 Republic Act 9021]. Meycauayan would become a city five years later with the enactment of RA 9356 and its ratification through a plebiscite on December 10, 2006. ===Former names=== <small>Note: This section only lists name changes made upon or since cityhood.</small> *[[Cagayan de Oro City]] - the municipality of Cagayan de Misamis was converted to the city of Cagayan de Oro in 1950 by virtue of R.A. 521. *[[Lapu-Lapu City]] - the municipality of Opon was converted to a city named after [[Lapu-Lapu]], hero of the [[Battle of Mactan]] in 1961 by virtue of R.A. 3134. *[[Marawi City]] - inaugurated as the City of Dansalan in 1950, renamed to Marawi on June 16, 1956 by virtue of R.A. 1552. *[[Ozamiz City]] - the municipality of Misamis was converted to a city named after [[José Ozámiz]], the first governor of [[Misamis Occidental]], in 1948 by virtue of R.A. 321. *[[Pasay City]] - inaugurated as Rizal City in 1947, reverted to Pasay on June 7, 1950 by virtue of R.A. 437. *[[Roxas City]] - in 1951 the municipality of Capiz was converted to a city named after [[Manuel A. Roxas]], the first president of the Third Philippine Republic and town native by virtue of R.A. 603. ==References== {{reflist}} ==See also== *[[List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines]] ==External links== *[http://www.lcp.org.ph League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP)] *[http://www.cleancities.net/ Philippine Clean Cities Project] *[http://www.citymayors.com/government/philippines_government.html CityMayors.com article] *[http://www.world-gazetteer.com/s/p_ph.htm Location map of the largest cities (World Gazeteer)] (somewhat inaccurate) {{Philippine cities}} {{Philippines political divisions}} {{Philippines topics}} [[Category:Cities in the Philippines]] <!-- The below are interlanguage links. --> [[ceb:Dakbayan (Pilipinas)]] [[de:Städte auf den Philippinen]] [[it:Città delle Filippine]] [[mk:Градови на Филипините]] [[pam:Ding Lakanbalen ning Filipinas]] [[nl:Filipijnse stad]] [[pt:Lista de cidades nas Filipinas]] [[fi:Luettelo Filippiinien kaupungeista]] [[tl:Mga lungsod ng Pilipinas]] [[uk:Список міст Філіппін]] [[vi:Thành phố của Philippines]] [[war:Mga Syudad han Pilipinas]]