Citril Finch
1007355
223616265
2008-07-04T22:14:35Z
Iridescent
937705
Cleanup/[[WP:AWB/T|typo fixing]] using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]]
{{Taxobox
| name = Citril Finch
| status = LC
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passerine|Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Fringillidae]]
| genus = ''[[Carduelis]]''
| species = '''''C. citrinella'''''
| binomial = ''Carduelis citrinella''
| binomial_authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], [[1764]])<!-- check in which genus originally described and if Carduelis, remove parentheses -->
| synonyms =
''Serinus citrinella''
}}
The '''Citril Finch''' ''(Carduelis citrinella)'' is a small [[songbird]] and member of the [[finch]] [[family]]. For a long time, it was placed in the [[genus]] ''Serinus'', but it is apparently more closely related to the [[European Goldfinch]] (Arnaiz-Villena ''et al.'', 1998, ''contra'' van den Elzen & Khoury, 1999).
This [[bird]] is a resident breeder in the mountains of southwestern [[Europe]] from Spain to the [[Alps]]. Its northernmost breeding area is found in the [[Black Forest]] (Förschler & Kalko 2006)
The 12 cm long Citril Finch is greyish above, with a brown tinge to the back, which also has black streaks. The underparts and the double wing bars are yellow. It shares with its relatives a bright face mask which is also yellow in this species.
Sexes are similar, although young females may be greyish below, and juvenile birds, unlike in European ''[[Serinus]]'' species, are brown, lacking any yellow or green in the plumage.
The [[bird song|song]] is a silvery twittering resembling that of the [[European Goldfinch|Goldfinch]] and the [[European Serin|Serin]]. The main call is a ''tee-ee'' quite similar to the [[Eurasian Siskin|Siskin]].
The [[Corsican Finch]] was formerly regarded a [[subspecies]] of the Citril Finch, but it differs in [[morphology (biology)|morphology]] and vocalization (Cramp & Perrins, 1994, Förschler & Kalko 2007) as well as [[mtDNA]] [[DNA sequence|sequence]] (Sangster, 2000, ''contra'' Pasquet & Thibault, 1997) and they are now considered distinct species (Sangster ''et al.'', 2002).
The two forms differ in their [[habitat (ecology)|habitat]] selection. While the mainland Citril Finch is rather restricted to high level mountain [[conifer]]ous forests and alpine meadows (Förschler & Kalko 2006, Förschler et al. 2006), the insular Corsican Finch may be found in different habitats from sea level to the highest mountain slopes (Förschler & Kalko 2006). The Citril Finch [[bird nest|nest]]s mainly in conifers such as [[Pine]]s and [[Spruce]]s while the Corsican Finch as well in lower bushes such as [[tree heath|Tree Heath]], [[Juniper]] and [[Bramble]] (Förschler & Kalko 2006).
==References==
* '''Arnaiz-Villena''', A.; Álvarez-Tejado, M.; Ruiz-del-Valle, V.; García-de-la-Torre, C.; Varela, P.; Recio, M. J.; Ferre. S. & Martínez-Laso, J. (1998): Phylogeny and rapid Northern and Southern Hemisphere speciation of goldfinches during the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs. ''Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences'' '''54''': 1031–1041. {{DOI|10.1007/s000180050230}} (article, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/r1ukblmke5d3uy1v/fulltext.pdf PDF fulltext]<!-- check this link periodically -->) {{DOI|10.1007/s000180050280}} (erratum, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/8bv2f9qrwau86ln0/fulltext.pdf PDF fulltext]<!-- check this link periodically -->)
* {{IUCN2006|assessors='''BirdLife International'''|year=2004|id=53392|title=Serinus citrinella|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
* '''Clement''', Peter; Harris, Alan & Davis, John (1993): ''Finches and Sparrows: an identification guide''. [[Helm Identification Guides|Christopher Helm]], London. ISBN 0-7136-8017-2
* '''Cramp''', S. & '''Perrins''', C. M. (eds) (1994): ''The Birds of the Western Palearctic'', Vol. 8. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
* '''Förschler''', M.I.; '''Borras''' A.; '''Cabrera''' J.; '''Cabrera''' T. & '''Senar''' J.C. (2005): Inter-locality variation in reproductive success of the citril finch ''Serinus citrinella''. ''Journal of Ornithology'' '''146''': 137-140. {{DOI|10.1007/s10336-005-0072-y}}
* '''Förschler''', M.I. & '''Kalko''', E.K.V. (2006): Macrogeographic variations in food choice of mainland citril finches ''Carduelis [citrinella] citrinella'' and insular Corsican (citril) finches ''Carduelis [citrinella] corsicanus''. ''Journal of Ornithology'' '''147''': 441-447. {{DOI|10.1007/s10336-005-0032-6}}
* '''Förschler''', M. I. & '''Kalko''', E.K.V. (2006): Breeding ecology and nest site selection in allopatric mainland Citril Finches ''Carduelis[citrinella] citrinella'' and insular Corsican Finches ''Carduelis[citrinella] corsicanus''. ''Journal of Ornithology'' '''147''': 553-564. {{DOI|10.1007/s10336-006-0079-z}}
* '''Förschler''', M.I.; '''Borras''' A.; '''Kalko''', E.K.V.; '''Cabrera''' J; '''Cabrera''' T & '''Senar''' J.C. (2006): Inter-locality variation in breeding phenology and nesting habitat of the Citril Finch ''Carduelis citrinella'' in the Catalonian Pre-Pyrenees. ''Ardeola'' '''53'''(1): 115-126. http://www.ardeola.org/article?id=1269
* '''Förschler''', M.I. (2006): Absence of insular density inflation in Corsican Finches ''Carduelis [citrinella] corsicanus''. ''Acta Ornithologica'' '''41'''(2): 171-175. http://www.miiz.waw.pl/periodicals/acta-ornithologica/abstracts/ao_41_2.pdf
* '''Förschler''', M.I. & '''Kalko''', E.K.V. (2006): Age-specific reproductive performance in Citril Finches ''Carduelis [citrinella]''. ''Ardea'' '''94'''(2): 275-279. http://loonen.fmns.rug.nl/ardea/ardea_show_abstract.php?lang=uk&nr=588
* '''Förschler''', M.I.; '''Förschler''', L. & '''Dorka''', U. (2006): Flowering intensity of spruces ''Picea abies'' and the population dynamics of Siskins ''Carduelis spinus'', Common Crossbills ''Loxia curvirostra'', and Citril Finches ''Carduelis citrinella''. ''Ornis Fennica'' '''83''': 91-96. [http://www.birdlife.fi/julkaisut/of/pdf/vol83-2/6F%F6rschler2524.pdf PDF fulltext]
* '''Förschler''', M.I. (2007) Microgeographic variation in Citril Finch ''Carduelis citrinella'' abundance as a consequence of resource availability. ''European Journal of Wildlife Research'' '''53''': 29-34. {{DOI|10.1007/s10344-006-0059-x}}
* '''Förschler''', M.I. (2007) Seasonal variation in the diet of citril finches ''Carduelis citrinella'': are they specialists or generalists? ''European Journal of Wildlife Research'' '''53'''. {{DOI|10.1007/s10344-006-0082-y}}
* '''Förschler''', M.I. & '''Kalko''', E.K.V. (2007): Geographical differentiation, acoustic adaptation and species boundaries in mainland citril finches and insular Corsican finches, superspecies ''Carduelis [citrinella]''. ''Journal of Biogeography'' '''34'''. {{DOI|10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01722.x}}
* '''Pasquet''', E. & '''Thibault''', J.-C. (1997): Genetic differences among mainland and insular forms of the Citril Finch ''Serinus citrinella''. ''[[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]]'' '''139'''(4): 679–684.
* '''Sangster''', G. (2000): Genetic distance as a test of species boundaries in the Citril Finch ''Serinus citrinella'': a critique and taxonomic reinterpretation. ''[[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]]'' '''142'''(3): 487–490.
* '''Sangster''', George; Knox, Alan G.; Helbig, Andreas J. & Parkin, David T. (2002): Taxonomic recommendations for European birds. ''[[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]]'' '''144'''(1): 153–159. {{DOI|10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00026.x}} [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00026.x PDF fulltext]
* '''van den Elzen''', R. & '''Khoury''', F. (1999): Systematik, phylogenetische Analyse und Biogeographie der Großgattung ''Serinus'' Koch, 1816 (Aves, Carduelidae). ''Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg'' 215: 55–65. [Article in German]
==External links==
*[http://www.oiseaux.net/oiseaux/photos/venturon.montagnard.html Oiseaux] Photos
*[http://www.ibercajalav.net/img/429_CitrilFinchScitrinella.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta]
[[Category:Carduelis]]
[[Category:Serinus]]
[[ca:Llucareta]]
[[de:Zitronenzeisig]]
[[es:Serinus citrinella]]
[[fr:Venturon montagnard]]
[[it:Serinus citrinella]]
[[hu:Citromcsíz]]
[[pl:Osetnik]]
[[fi:Sitruunahemppo]]
[[tr:Alp isketesi]]