Classical swine fever 537990 219887017 2008-06-17T09:07:37Z DumZiBoT 6085301 robot Adding: [[bs:Svinjska kuga]] {{Taxobox | virus_group = iv | familia = ''[[Flaviviridae]]'' | genus = ''[[Pestivirus]]'' | species = '''''Classical swine fever virus''''' }} '''Classical swine fever''' ('''CSF''') or '''hog cholera''' (also sometimes called '''pig plague''' based on the German word ''Schweinepest'') is a highly contagious disease of [[pig]]s and [[wild boar]]. ==Symptoms== Swine fever causes [[fever]], [[lesions|skin lesions]], [[convulsions]] and usually (particularly in young animals) [[death]] within 15 days. The symptoms are indistinguishable from those of [[African swine fever]]. ==Epidemology== The disease is endemic in much of [[Asia]], [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]], and parts of [[Europe]] and [[Africa]]. It was believed to have been eradicated in the [[United Kingdom]] by [[1966]] (according to the [[Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs]]), but an outbreak occurred in [[East Anglia]] in [[2000]]. It was eradicated in the [[USA]] by [[1978]], according to the [[United States Department of Agriculture]]. Other regions believed to be free of CSF include Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Scandinavia. ==Virus== [[Image:Classical swine fever kidneys.jpg|thumb|Pinpoint hemorrhages on the kidneys are characteristic of classical swine fever]] The infectious agent responsible is a [[virus]] CSFV (previously called hog cholera virus) of the genus ''[[Pestivirus]]'' in the family ''[[Flaviviridae]]'' (or ''[[Togaviridae]]'' [http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/3945.html]). CSFV is closely related to the ruminant pestiviruses which cause Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVDV) and Border Disease (BDV).<ref name=sobrino2>{{cite book |chapterurl=http://www.horizonpress.com/avir|author=Rumenapf and Thiel|year=2008|chapter=Molecular Biology of Pestiviruses|title=Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology|publisher=Caister Academic Press|id=[http://www.horizonpress.com/avir ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6]}}</ref> The effect of different CSFV strains varies widely, leading to a wide range of symptoms. Highly virulent strains correlate with acute, obvious disease and high mortality, including [[neurological]] symptoms and [[hemorrage|hemorrhages]] within the skin. Less virulent strains can give rise to subacute or chronic infections that may escape detection, while still inducing mortality in fetuses and new-borns. Infected piglets birthed from infected but subclinical sows help maintain the disease within a population. Other symptoms can include lethargy, fever, immunosuppression and secondary respiratory infections. The incubation period of CSFV ranges from 2 to 14 days but symptoms may not be apparent until after 2 to 4 weeks. Animals with an acute infection can survive 2 to 3 months before their eventual death. Eradicating CSF is problematic. Current programmes revolve around rapid detection and diagnosis, and preventive [[culling]], possibly followed by emergency vaccination. Possible sources for maintaining and introducing infection include the wide transport of pigs and pork products, as well as endemic CSF within wild boar and feral pig populations. == Diagnosis == epidemiology+symptoms+pathology+laboratory examination *Direct [[immunofluorescence]] - detection of virus in histological edges *Indirect immunofluorescence - detection of specific antibodies from sera *[[ELISA]] == The Philippine hog cholera outbreak of 2007 == On August 20, 2007, Department of Agriculture officers investigated the outbreak of [[swine flu]] in Nueva Ecija and Central Luzon, [[Philippines]]. The mortality rate is less than 10 % for swine flu, if there are no complications like hog cholera. Earlier, or on July 27, 2007, the [[Philippine]] National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) raised a [[hog cholera]] "''red alert''" warning over Metro Manila and 5 regions of Luzon after the disease spread to backyard pig farms in [[Bulacan]] and [[Pampanga]], even if these tested negative for the [[swine flu]] virus.<ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/56805/DA-probes-reported-swine-flu-outbreak-in-N-Ecija GMA NEWS.TV, DA probes reported swine flu 'outbreak' in N. Ecija]</ref><ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/53014/Govt-declares-hog-cholera-alert-in-Luzon GMA NEWS.TV, Gov't declares hog cholera alert in Luzon]</ref> ==See also== *[[2007 Central Luzon hog cholera outbreak]] *[[Animal virology|Animal viruses]] ==External links== {{commonscat|Classical swine fever}} *[http://www.pighealth.com/csf.htm CSF page of Pig Disease Information Centre (UK)] *[http://www.oie.int/eng/maladies/fiches/a_A130.htm CSF page of World Organisation for Animal Health] *[http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/diseases/controlmeasures/csf_en.htm#lab European Commission Animal Health & Welfare on CSF] *[http://viro08.tiho-hannover.de/eg/index.html The Institute of Virology (Hannover) Reference Laboratory for CSF] *[http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/notifiable/disease/classicalsf.htm Department for Environment Food and Rurual Affairs (UK) on CSF] *[http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/IVM/ENG/CSF/clinical.htm International Veterinary Training talks about CSF] *[http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_notice/fs_ahcsf.html The USDA's APHIS on CSF] *[http://www.thepigsite.com/DiseaseInfo/Default.asp?Display=117 The Pig Site talks about swine fevers] *[http://vetgate.ac.uk/browse/cabi/b8666770f402a878f80aa9aa156a5217.html Vetgate CSF notes & resources] *[http://www.horizonpress.com/gateway/animal-viruses.html Animal viruses] ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> [[Category:Swine diseases]] [[Category:Flaviviruses]] [[Category:Animal virology]] [[bs:Svinjska kuga]] [[cs:Klasický mor prasat]] [[de:Klassische Schweinepest]] [[es:Peste porcina]] [[fr:Peste porcine]] [[it:Peste suina]] [[nl:Varkenspest]] [[ja:豚コレラ]] [[sk:Klasický mor ošípaných]]