Cleistanthus
2569311
196860523
2008-03-08T21:49:35Z
Eubot
231599
Removed taxobox colour. See [[User:Eubot/Removing colours from taxoboxen]].
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Cleistanthus''
| image = Cleistanthus orgyialis Blanco2.353.png
| image_caption = ''Cleistanthus orgyialis''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
| familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]]
| tribus = [[Bridelieae]]
| genus = '''''Cleistanthus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Hook.f.]] ex [[Planch.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
*''[[Cleistanthus apodus]]''
*''[[Cleistanthus collinus]]''
*''[[Cleistanthus cunninghamii]]''
*''[[Cleistanthus hylandii]]''
*''[[Cleistanthus sumatranus]]''
*etc.
}}
'''''Cleistanthus''''' is a [[plant]] [[genus]] of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Euphorbiaceae]]. The genus comprises 140 species, found from [[Africa]] to the [[Pacific Islands]]. ''[[Cleistanthus collinus]]'' is known for being [[toxic]] and frequently used for [[homicide|homicidal]] or [[suicide|suicidal]] purposes.
===Synonymy===
The genus is also known as:
*'''''Clistanthus''''' <small>[[George Edward Post|Post]] & [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small>, orth. var.
*'''''Godefroya''''' <small>[[Gagnep.]]</small>
*'''''Kaluhaburunghos''''' <small>[[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small>
*'''''Lebidiera''''' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small>
*'''''Lebidieropsis''''' <small>[[Müll.Arg.]]</small>
*'''''Leiopyxis''''' <small>[[Miq.]]</small>
*'''''Nanopetalum''''' <small>[[Hassk.]]</small>
*'''''Neogoetzia''''' <small>[[Ferdinand Albin Pax|Pax]]</small>
*'''''Paracleisthus''''' <small>[[Gagnep.]]</small>
*'''''Schistostigma''''' <small>[[Lauterb.]]</small>
*'''''Stenonia''''' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small>
*'''''Stenoniella''''' <small>[[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small>
*'''''Zenkerodendron''''' <small>[[Gilg]] ex [[Jabl.]]</small>
[[Category:Euphorbiaceae]]
''Cleistanthus collinus'' is a plant poison also called "oduvan" (Tamil). Ingestion of its leaves or a dicoction of its leaves causes hypokalemia (kaliuresis and cardiac arrythmias [1]), metabolic acidosis, hypotension and hypoxia [2] probably due to distal renal tubular acidosis, ARDS and toxin induced vasodilatation respectively [3, 4]. Hypokalemia and acidosis probably also induces rhabdomyolysis resulting in myoglobinuric renal failure and neuromuscular weakness [5]. Its effects are probably mediated by injury to the distal renal tubules, pulmonary epithelium and peripheral blood vessels due to glutathione depletion [6] (animal studies have shown benefit with N-acetyl cysteine [7]).
1. Thomas K, Dayal AK, Narasimhan, Alka G, Seshadri MS, Cherian AM, Kanakasabapathi, Molly B. Metabolic and Cardiac effects of Cleistanthus Collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India 1991; 39(4): 312–314.
2. Subrahmanyam DK, Mooney T, Raveendran R, Zachariah B. A Clinical and laboratory profile of Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India; 2003 Nov; 51:1052-4.
3. S. Eswarappa, A R Chakraborty, B U Palatty, M Vasnik; Cleistanthus Collinus Poisoning: Case Reports and Review of the Literature. Clinical Toxicology, 2003; 41(4), pp 369-72.
4. Benjamin SPE, M Edwin Fernando, JJ Jayanth, Preetha B; Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India; 2006 Sep; 54:742-44
5. S. Eswarappa, Benjamin SPE; Renal failure and neuromuscular weakness in Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India; 2007 Jan; 55:85-86.
6. Sarathchandra G, Balakrishnamoorthy P; Acute toxicity of Cleistanthus collinus, an indigenous poisonous plant in Cavia procellus. Journal of Environmental Biology 1998, pp 145-8.
7. Annapoorani KS, Damodaran C, Chandrasekharan P. A promising antidote to Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Sci Soc Ind 1986; 2:3-6.
[[es:Cleistanthus]]
[[pt:Cleistanthus]]