Cleistanthus 2569311 196860523 2008-03-08T21:49:35Z Eubot 231599 Removed taxobox colour. See [[User:Eubot/Removing colours from taxoboxen]]. {{Taxobox | name = ''Cleistanthus'' | image = Cleistanthus orgyialis Blanco2.353.png | image_caption = ''Cleistanthus orgyialis'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Malpighiales]] | familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]] | tribus = [[Bridelieae]] | genus = '''''Cleistanthus''''' | genus_authority = [[Hook.f.]] ex [[Planch.]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] | subdivision = *''[[Cleistanthus apodus]]'' *''[[Cleistanthus collinus]]'' *''[[Cleistanthus cunninghamii]]'' *''[[Cleistanthus hylandii]]'' *''[[Cleistanthus sumatranus]]'' *etc. }} '''''Cleistanthus''''' is a [[plant]] [[genus]] of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Euphorbiaceae]]. The genus comprises 140 species, found from [[Africa]] to the [[Pacific Islands]]. ''[[Cleistanthus collinus]]'' is known for being [[toxic]] and frequently used for [[homicide|homicidal]] or [[suicide|suicidal]] purposes. ===Synonymy=== The genus is also known as: *'''''Clistanthus''''' <small>[[George Edward Post|Post]] & [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small>, orth. var. *'''''Godefroya''''' <small>[[Gagnep.]]</small> *'''''Kaluhaburunghos''''' <small>[[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small> *'''''Lebidiera''''' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small> *'''''Lebidieropsis''''' <small>[[Müll.Arg.]]</small> *'''''Leiopyxis''''' <small>[[Miq.]]</small> *'''''Nanopetalum''''' <small>[[Hassk.]]</small> *'''''Neogoetzia''''' <small>[[Ferdinand Albin Pax|Pax]]</small> *'''''Paracleisthus''''' <small>[[Gagnep.]]</small> *'''''Schistostigma''''' <small>[[Lauterb.]]</small> *'''''Stenonia''''' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small> *'''''Stenoniella''''' <small>[[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small> *'''''Zenkerodendron''''' <small>[[Gilg]] ex [[Jabl.]]</small> [[Category:Euphorbiaceae]] ''Cleistanthus collinus'' is a plant poison also called "oduvan" (Tamil). Ingestion of its leaves or a dicoction of its leaves causes hypokalemia (kaliuresis and cardiac arrythmias [1]), metabolic acidosis, hypotension and hypoxia [2] probably due to distal renal tubular acidosis, ARDS and toxin induced vasodilatation respectively [3, 4]. Hypokalemia and acidosis probably also induces rhabdomyolysis resulting in myoglobinuric renal failure and neuromuscular weakness [5]. Its effects are probably mediated by injury to the distal renal tubules, pulmonary epithelium and peripheral blood vessels due to glutathione depletion [6] (animal studies have shown benefit with N-acetyl cysteine [7]). 1. Thomas K, Dayal AK, Narasimhan, Alka G, Seshadri MS, Cherian AM, Kanakasabapathi, Molly B. Metabolic and Cardiac effects of Cleistanthus Collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India 1991; 39(4): 312–314. 2. Subrahmanyam DK, Mooney T, Raveendran R, Zachariah B. A Clinical and laboratory profile of Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India; 2003 Nov; 51:1052-4. 3. S. Eswarappa, A R Chakraborty, B U Palatty, M Vasnik; Cleistanthus Collinus Poisoning: Case Reports and Review of the Literature. Clinical Toxicology, 2003; 41(4), pp 369-72. 4. Benjamin SPE, M Edwin Fernando, JJ Jayanth, Preetha B; Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India; 2006 Sep; 54:742-44 5. S. Eswarappa, Benjamin SPE; Renal failure and neuromuscular weakness in Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India; 2007 Jan; 55:85-86. 6. Sarathchandra G, Balakrishnamoorthy P; Acute toxicity of Cleistanthus collinus, an indigenous poisonous plant in Cavia procellus. Journal of Environmental Biology 1998, pp 145-8. 7. Annapoorani KS, Damodaran C, Chandrasekharan P. A promising antidote to Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Sci Soc Ind 1986; 2:3-6. [[es:Cleistanthus]] [[pt:Cleistanthus]]