Clinical pathology
3677144
221227296
2008-06-23T16:40:34Z
Sinamore
5474281
[[Image:Blood film 01.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Hematology]]: [[Blood]] smears on a glass slide, stained and ready to be examined under the microscope.]]
[[Image:Blood smear.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Hematology]]: microscopic image of a normal [[blood]] smear. a:[[erythrocytes]], b:[[neutrophil]], c:[[eosinophil]], d:[[lymphocyte]].]]
[[Image:Enterobacter cloacae 01.png|thumb|200px|right|[[Bacteriology]]: [[Agar]] plate with bacterial colonies.]]
[[Image:Gram escherichia coli und micrococcus luteus.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Bacteriology]]: microscopic image of a mixture of two types of [[bacteria]] stained with the [[Gram stain]].]]
[[Image:Konelab60i.png|thumb|200px|right|[[Clinical chemistry]]: an automated blood chemistry analyser.]]
[[Image:Struvite crystals dog 1.JPG|thumb|200px|right|[[Clinical chemistry]]: microscopic image of crystals in [[urine]].]]
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<onlyinclude>{{spinout/title|Clinical pathology}} is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] analysis of [[bodily fluid]]s such as [[blood]] and [[urine]], using the tools of [[clinical chemistry|chemistry]], [[Clinical microbiology|microbiology]], [[hematology]] and [[molecular pathology]]. Clinical pathologist work in close collaboration with [[medical technologist]]s.
Clinical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being [[clinical chemistry]], [[Hematology|clinical hematology]]/[[blood banking]] and [[clinical microbiology]].
Clinical pathology is one of the two major divisions of {{spinout/link|pathology}}, the other being [[anatomical pathology]]. Often, {{spinout/link|pathology as a medical specialty|pathologists}} practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as [[general pathology]]. Similar specialties exist in [[veterinary pathology]]. </onlyinclude>
== Licensing and subspecialties ==
The [[American Board of Pathology]] certifies clinical pathologists, and recognizes the following secondary specialties of clinical pathology:
* [[clinical chemistry|Chemical pathology]], also called [[clinical chemistry]]
* [[Hematopathology]]
* [[Blood banking]] - [[Transfusion medicine]]
* [[Clinical microbiology]]
* [[Cytogenetics]]
* [[Molecular genetics]] pathology.
In some countries other subspecialties are under certified clinical pathologists responsibility:
* [[Assisted reproductive technology]], [[Sperm bank]] and [[Semen analysis]]
* [[Immunopathology]]
In some countries in [[South-America]], [[Europe]], [[Africa]] or [[Asia]], this specialty can be exercised by non-physicians, such Pharm.D or Vet.D after a variable number of year of [[residency]]. For example, in France, Clinical Pathology is called Medical Biology ("Biologie médicale") is both exercized by M.D. and Pharm.D and this residency lasts four years.
==See also==
* [[Pathology]]
* [[Medical laboratory]]
* [[Anatomic pathology]]
* [[Medical technologist]]
* [[Veterinary pathology]]
* [[Biological pharmacist]]
* [[ARUP Laboratories]]
* [[Residency (pharmacy)]]
==External links==
* [http://www.ascp.org American Society for Clinical Pathology]
* [http://www.abpath.org/default.aspx American Board of Pathology]
* [http://www.cap.org College of American Pathologists]
{{Pathology}}
[[Category:Pathology]]
[[de:Laboratoriumsmedizin]]
[[fr:Biologie médicale]]
[[it:Patologia clinica]]
[[nl:Klinische biologie]]
[[pt:Patologia clínica]]