Clitocybe 3456921 221958769 2008-06-26T21:36:37Z Ka Faraq Gatri 6892069 Category:Tricholomataceae {{Taxobox | name = ''Clitocybe'' | image = Clitocybe.jpg | image_width = 250px | regnum = [[Fungus|Fungi]] | divisio = [[Basidiomycota]] | classis = [[Agaricomycetes]] | subclassis = [[Hymenomycete]]s | ordo = [[Agaricales]] | familia = [[Tricholomataceae]] | genus = '''''Clitocybe''''' }} Hundreds of species of mushrooms compose the genus '''''Clitocybe'''''. They are characterized by white [[spore print]]s, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily [[saprotrophic]], decomposing forest ground litter. A few members of the genus are considered edible; many others are poisonous, containing the toxin [[muscarine]] among others. Distinguishing individual species of ''Clitocybe'' is generally prohibitively difficult to non-experts, requiring the analysis of microscopic characters. Therefore, with the exception of a few charismatic and readily identified members, ''Clitocybe'' mushrooms are rarely collected for consumption. Recent molecular work has shown the genus to be [[polyphyletic]], with many members seemingly distantly related and other fungi, such as the [[field blewit]] and [[wood blewit]], now known as ''Clitocybe saeva'' and ''C. nuda'' respectively, are more closely related. As ''[[Clitocybe clavipes|C. clavipes]]'' is the type species, those most distantly related to it would be likely to be reclassified in the future. ==Toxicity== The consumption of two species, ''[[Clitocybe acromelalga]]'' from Japan,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ichimura |first=J |year=1918|title=A new poisonous mushroom |journal=Bot Gaz (Tokyo) |volume=65 |pages=10911}}</ref> and ''[[Clitocybe amoenolens]]'' from France,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Saviuc PF, Danel VC, Moreau PA, Guez DR, Claustre AM, Carpentier PH, Mallaret MP, Ducluzeau R |year=2001|title=Erythromelalgia and mushroom poisoning |journal=J. Toxicol Clin Toxicol |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=403–07|doi=10.1081/CLT-100105162}}</ref> has led to several cases of mushroom-induced [[erythromelalgia]] which lasted from 8 days to 5 months.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Diaz |first=James H.|year=2005 |month=February |title=Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings |journal=Critical Care Medicine |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages= 427–36|doi=10.1097/01.CCM.0000153531.69448.49}}</ref> [[Image:Clitocybe2.jpg|thumb|250px|A somewhat faded example of ''Clitocybe nuda'']] [[Image:Clitocybe nebularis Italy.jpg|thumb|250px|An example of ''Clitocybe nebularis'', better known as "clouded agaric"]] ==List of species== *''[[Clitocybe acromelalga]]'' (Japan) *''[[Clitocybe alexandri]]'' *''[[Clitocybe amoenolens]]'' - poisonous bamboo mushroom (France) *''[[Clitocybe brumalis]]'' — Winter Funnel Cap *''[[Clitocybe candicans]]'' *''[[Clitocybe candida]]'' *''[[Clitocybe cerussata]]'' *''[[Clitocybe clavipes]]'' — may be edible but poisonous when consumed in conjunction with alcohol *''[[Clitocybe dealbata]]'' — Ivory Funnel, Sweating mushroom (Europe), poisonous *''[[Clitocybe ditopus]]'' *''[[Clitocybe dilata]]'' *''[[Clitocybe eccentrica]]'' *''[[Clitocybe entoloma]]'' *''[[Clitocybe eucalyptorum]]'' *''[[Clitocybe flaccida]]'' *''[[Clitocybe fragrans]]'' *''[[Clitocybe geotropa]]'' *''[[Clitocybe gibba]]'' *''Clitocybe gigantea'' ''(=[[Leucopaxillus giganteus]])'' *''[[Clitocybe glutiniceps]]'' *''[[Clitocybe maxima]]'' *''[[Clitocybe nebularis]]'' — Clouded agaric - considered edible by some, though causes gastric upset in many people *''[[Clitocybe nuda]]'' — Wood blewit — a common edible distinguished in part by its lilac hue *''[[Clitocybe odora]]'' — Aniseed toadstool; grows near birch trees, but can be easily mistaken for poisonous ones mainly because of its appearance *''[[Clitocybe rivulosa]]'' - Fool's Funnel (Europe, North America) {{Commons|Clitocybe}} *''[[Clitocybe sclerotoidea]]'' *''[[Clitocybe squamulosa]]'' *''[[Clitocybe truncicola]]'' *''[[Clitocybe vibecina]]'' The [[bioluminescent]] jack o'lantern mushroom (''[[Omphalotus olearius]]'') was formerly placed in this genus as ''Clitocybe illudens''. ==See also== * [[Mushroom hunting]] * [[Mushroom poisoning]] ==External links== * [http://www.mushroomexpert.com/clitocybe.html ''Clitocybe'' at Mushroom Expert.com] ==References== {{Reflist}} *Bessette, A. E., Roody, W. C. & Bessette, A. R. (2000). North American boletes: A color guide to the fleshy pored mushrooms. China: Syracuse UP. 399 pp. *Bruns, T. D. & Palmer, J. D. (1989). Evolution of mushroom mitochondrial DNA: Suillus and related genera. Journal of Molecular Evolution 28: 349-362. *Smith, A. H., Smith, H. V. & Weber, N. S. (1981). How to know the non-gilled mushrooms. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown. 324 pp. [[Category:Tricholomataceae]] [[bg:Clitocybe]] [[fr:Clitocybe]] [[it:Clitocybe]] [[lt:Tauriabudė]] [[ru:Говорушка]]