Clitocybe
3456921
221958769
2008-06-26T21:36:37Z
Ka Faraq Gatri
6892069
Category:Tricholomataceae
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Clitocybe''
| image = Clitocybe.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Fungus|Fungi]]
| divisio = [[Basidiomycota]]
| classis = [[Agaricomycetes]]
| subclassis = [[Hymenomycete]]s
| ordo = [[Agaricales]]
| familia = [[Tricholomataceae]]
| genus = '''''Clitocybe'''''
}}
Hundreds of species of mushrooms compose the genus '''''Clitocybe'''''. They are characterized by white [[spore print]]s, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily [[saprotrophic]], decomposing forest ground litter.
A few members of the genus are considered edible; many others are poisonous, containing the toxin [[muscarine]] among others. Distinguishing individual species of ''Clitocybe'' is generally prohibitively difficult to non-experts, requiring the analysis of microscopic characters. Therefore, with the exception of a few charismatic and readily identified members, ''Clitocybe'' mushrooms are rarely collected for consumption.
Recent molecular work has shown the genus to be [[polyphyletic]], with many members seemingly distantly related and other fungi, such as the [[field blewit]] and [[wood blewit]], now known as ''Clitocybe saeva'' and ''C. nuda'' respectively, are more closely related. As ''[[Clitocybe clavipes|C. clavipes]]'' is the type species, those most distantly related to it would be likely to be reclassified in the future.
==Toxicity==
The consumption of two species, ''[[Clitocybe acromelalga]]'' from Japan,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ichimura |first=J |year=1918|title=A new poisonous mushroom |journal=Bot Gaz (Tokyo) |volume=65 |pages=10911}}</ref> and ''[[Clitocybe amoenolens]]'' from France,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Saviuc PF, Danel VC, Moreau PA, Guez DR, Claustre AM, Carpentier PH, Mallaret MP, Ducluzeau R |year=2001|title=Erythromelalgia and mushroom poisoning |journal=J. Toxicol Clin Toxicol |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=403–07|doi=10.1081/CLT-100105162}}</ref> has led to several cases of mushroom-induced [[erythromelalgia]] which lasted from 8 days to 5 months.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Diaz |first=James H.|year=2005 |month=February |title=Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings
|journal=Critical Care Medicine |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages= 427–36|doi=10.1097/01.CCM.0000153531.69448.49}}</ref>
[[Image:Clitocybe2.jpg|thumb|250px|A somewhat faded example of ''Clitocybe nuda'']]
[[Image:Clitocybe nebularis Italy.jpg|thumb|250px|An example of ''Clitocybe nebularis'', better known as "clouded agaric"]]
==List of species==
*''[[Clitocybe acromelalga]]'' (Japan)
*''[[Clitocybe alexandri]]''
*''[[Clitocybe amoenolens]]'' - poisonous bamboo mushroom (France)
*''[[Clitocybe brumalis]]'' — Winter Funnel Cap
*''[[Clitocybe candicans]]''
*''[[Clitocybe candida]]''
*''[[Clitocybe cerussata]]''
*''[[Clitocybe clavipes]]'' — may be edible but poisonous when consumed in conjunction with alcohol
*''[[Clitocybe dealbata]]'' — Ivory Funnel, Sweating mushroom (Europe), poisonous
*''[[Clitocybe ditopus]]''
*''[[Clitocybe dilata]]''
*''[[Clitocybe eccentrica]]''
*''[[Clitocybe entoloma]]''
*''[[Clitocybe eucalyptorum]]''
*''[[Clitocybe flaccida]]''
*''[[Clitocybe fragrans]]''
*''[[Clitocybe geotropa]]''
*''[[Clitocybe gibba]]''
*''Clitocybe gigantea'' ''(=[[Leucopaxillus giganteus]])''
*''[[Clitocybe glutiniceps]]''
*''[[Clitocybe maxima]]''
*''[[Clitocybe nebularis]]'' — Clouded agaric - considered edible by some, though causes gastric upset in many people
*''[[Clitocybe nuda]]'' — Wood blewit — a common edible distinguished in part by its lilac hue
*''[[Clitocybe odora]]'' — Aniseed toadstool; grows near birch trees, but can be easily mistaken for poisonous ones mainly because of its appearance
*''[[Clitocybe rivulosa]]'' - Fool's Funnel (Europe, North America)
{{Commons|Clitocybe}}
*''[[Clitocybe sclerotoidea]]''
*''[[Clitocybe squamulosa]]''
*''[[Clitocybe truncicola]]''
*''[[Clitocybe vibecina]]''
The [[bioluminescent]] jack o'lantern mushroom (''[[Omphalotus olearius]]'') was formerly placed in this genus as ''Clitocybe illudens''.
==See also==
* [[Mushroom hunting]]
* [[Mushroom poisoning]]
==External links==
* [http://www.mushroomexpert.com/clitocybe.html ''Clitocybe'' at Mushroom Expert.com]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Bessette, A. E., Roody, W. C. & Bessette, A. R. (2000). North American boletes: A color guide to the fleshy pored mushrooms. China: Syracuse UP. 399 pp.
*Bruns, T. D. & Palmer, J. D. (1989). Evolution of mushroom mitochondrial DNA: Suillus and related genera. Journal of Molecular Evolution 28: 349-362.
*Smith, A. H., Smith, H. V. & Weber, N. S. (1981). How to know the non-gilled mushrooms. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown. 324 pp.
[[Category:Tricholomataceae]]
[[bg:Clitocybe]]
[[fr:Clitocybe]]
[[it:Clitocybe]]
[[lt:Tauriabudė]]
[[ru:Говорушка]]