Coffee varieties
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Chrisjj
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Add short note on the use of various terms for different kinds of coffee plant
{{main|Coffee}}
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[[Image:Carte Coffea robusta arabic.png|thumb|500px|Map of coffee bean production: '''r''' for ''C. robusta'', '''a''' for ''C.arabica'', and '''m''' for both species]]
'''Coffee varieties''' refers to the diverse forms derived through selective breeding or natural selection of coffee plants. In essence they represent subspecies of the several coffee species.
[[Coffee]] beans from different places may have distinctive characteristics such as flavor (flavor criteria includes terms such as "[[citrus]]-like" or "earthy"), [[caffeine]] content, body or mouthfeel, and [[acidity]]. These reflect the local environment where the coffee plants are grown, their method of process, and the genetic subspecies. In this sense, coffee can be considered similar to wine which also demonstrates clear regional variation.
==Variety, varietal, cultivar==
All three terms have been used to refer to the various forms of coffee grown around the world. The botanical term [[cultivar]] is normally and correctly used for selections and forms of cultivated plants, but the term most commonly used in the coffee industry is [[variety (botany)|variety]]. In addition, the term [[varietal]] is sometimes applied.
==Arabica varieties==
Coffee from the species ''[[Coffea arabica]]'' are considered to have richer flavor than ''[[Coffea canephora|Coffea robusta]]''. ''C. arabica'' has many different varieties, each with unique characteristics. Some well-known arabica coffees include:
* [[Colombian coffee|Colombian]] — Coffee was first introduced to the country of Colombia in the early 1800s. Today Maragogype, Caturra, Typica and Bourbon cultivars are grown. When Colombian coffee is freshly roasted it has a bright acidity, is heavy in body and is intensely aromatic. [[Colombia]] accounts for about 12% of the coffee market (by value) in the world, second only to [[Brazil]].<ref>[http://www.intracen.org/tradstat/sitc3-3d/ep071.htm ITC - International Trade Statistics by Country and Product - Coffee and coffee substitutes - Exports 2001-2005<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* Colombian Milds — Includes coffees from [[Colombia]], [[Kenya]], and [[Tanzania]], all of which are washed arabicas. [[Image:Unroasted coffee .jpg|thumb|200px|Unroasted coffee beans of the ''Coffea arabica'' variety, from [[Brazil]]]]
* [[Costa Rica]]n Tarrazu — from the San Marcos de Tarrazu valley in the highlands outside of [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]].
* [[Ethiopian Harrar]] — from the region of [[Harar]], [[Ethiopia]]. Known for its complex, fruity flavor that resembles a dry red wine.
* [[Ethiopian Sidamo (coffee)|Ethiopian Sidamo]] from the [[Sidamo Province|Sidamo]] (now [[Oromia]]) region of [[Ethiopia]] as well. All three are trademarked names with the rights owned by Ethiopia.
* [[Ethiopian Yirgacheffe]] — from the area of the town of [[Irgachefe|Yirgacheffe]] in the [[Gedeo Zone]] of the [[Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region]] of Ethiopia. All three Ethiopian varieties are trademarked names with the rights owned by Ethiopia. <ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6225514.stm |quote=Starbucks has agreed a wide-ranging accord with Ethiopia to support and promote its coffee, ending a long-running dispute over the issue. |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=[[June 21]], [[2007]] |accessdate=2007-06-21 }}</ref>
* [[Guatemala]] Huehuetenango — Grown at over 5000 feet in the northern region, one of the most remote growing regions in Guatemala
* Hawaiian [[Kona coffee|Kona]] — grown on the slopes of [[Hualalai]] in the [[Kona District, Hawaii|Kona District]] on the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island of Hawaii]]. Coffee was first introduced to the Islands by Chief Boki, the Governor of Oahu, in 1825.
* [[Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee|Jamaican Blue Mountain]] — From the [[Blue Mountains (Jamaica)|Blue Mountain]] region of [[Jamaica]]. Due to its popularity, it fetches a high price in the market.
* [[Java coffee|Java]] — from the island of [[Java (island)|Java]], in [[Indonesia]]. This coffee was once so widely traded that "java" became a slang term for coffee.
* [[Coffee Industry of Kenya|Kenyan]] — Known among coffee enthusiasts to have a bright, "acidic" flavor.
* [[Mexico]] - Produces hard bean coffee.
* Mocha — [[Yemen]]i coffee traded through the once major port of [[Mocha, Yemen|Mocha]]. Not to be confused with the preparation style (coffee with cocoa).
* Santos - from [[Brazil]]'s famous coffee pass through, is a low acidic light bodied brew. [http://www.sweetmarias.com/coffee.southamr.brasil.html]
* [[Sumatra]] Mandheling and [[Sumatra]] Lintong — Mandheling is named after the similarly spelt [[Mandailing]] people located in [[North Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]. The name is the result of a misunderstanding by the first foreign purchaser of the variety, and no coffee is actually produced in the "Mandailing region". Lintong on the other hand, is named after the Lintong district, also located in [[North Sumatra]].
* [[Sulawesi]] Toraja Kalossi — Grown at high altitudes on the island of Sulawesi (formerly [[Celebes]]) in the middle of the Malay archipelago in Indonesia. [[Kalossi]] is the small town in central Sulawesi which serves as the collection point for the coffee and [[Toraja]] is the mountainous area in which the coffee is grown. Celebes exhibits a rich, full body, well-balanced acidity (slightly more than Sumatra) and is multi-dimensional in character. It has dark chocolate and ripe fruit undertones. It is an excellent coffee for darker roasting. Because of its semi-dry processing, it may roast a bit unevenly.
* [[Tanzania]] Peaberry — grown on [[Mount Kilimanjaro]] in [[Tanzania]]. "[[Peaberry]]" means that the beans come one to a cherry (coffee fruit) instead of the usual two. Peaberries are naturally occurring and account for approximately 10% of any crop.
* [[Uganda]]- Although it mostly produces Robusta coffee, there is a quality Arabica bean grown there known as Bugishu. {{Fact|date=February 2007}}
==Robusta varieties==
Whilst not separate varieties of bean, unusual and very expensive [[Coffea canephora|robustas]] are the Indonesian ''[[Kopi Luwak]]'' and the Philippine ''Kape Alamid''. The beans are collected from the droppings of the [[Common Palm Civet]], whose digestive processes give it a distinctive flavor.
[[Image:Canephora.jpg|thumb|200px|Unroasted coffee beans of the Robusta variety(''Coffea Canephora'')]]
==Other varieties==
Although not as popular as Arabica or Robusta, other varieties of coffee also exist.
these include ''[[Kape Barako]] or Kape Baraco'', ([[English language|English]]: Barako coffee), a ''[[Coffea liberica|Liberica]]''.<ref>{{Citation | last = | first = | title = About Barako Coffee | url=http://www.gotbarako.com/aboutbarako | accessdate = 2007-01-25}}</ref> variety grown in the [[Philippines]], particularly in the provinces of [[Batangas]] and [[Cavite]].
===Production===
[[Brazil]] is world leader in production of green coffee followed by [[Vietnam]] and then [[Indonesia]].
{| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" class="wikitable" align=left style="clear:left"
! colspan=5|Top Ten Green Coffee Producers — 2005
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="30%" | Country
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="25%" | Production (Int $1000)
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="10%" | Footnote
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="25%" | Production (MT)
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="10%" | Footnote
|-
| {{BRA}} || 1,781,684 || C || 2,179,270 ||
|-
| {{VNM}} || 809,384 || C || 990,000 || *
|-
| {{IDN}} || 622,986 || C || 762,006 ||
|-
| {{COL}} || 558,050 || C || 682,580 ||
|-
| {{MEX}} || 254,148 || C || 310,861 || F
|-
| {{IND}} || 224,829 || C || 275,000 ||
|-
| {{ETH}} || 212,566 || C || 260,000 || F
|-
| {{GUA}} || 177,084 || C || 216,600 || F
|-
| {{HON}} || 155,860 || C || 190,640 ||
|-
| {{UGA}} || 152,066 || C || 186,000 || F
|-
|colspan=5 style="font-size:.7em"|No symbol = official figure, F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial figure, C = Calculated figure;<br />
Production in Int $1000 have been calculated based on 1999-2001 international prices<br />
Source: [http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html?lang=en&item=656&year=2005 Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Devision]
|}
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Ethiopia was producing coffee bean for 425mio $ the year 2007. 100% more than 2005 . Important.
The economist 19-25 apr 2008
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